Porifera
Developed by Adam Sprague &
Dave Werner
Classification
• Phylum ___________
– Class _______________________
• Order Amphdiscophora
• Order Hexasterophora
– Class _______________________
• Order Homoscleromorpha
• Order Tetratinomorpha
• Ceractinomorpha
– Class _____________________
• Order Clacina
• Order Clacaronia
Characteristics of Porifera:• 1. ___________________________.
• 2. Body _____________________, few
___________, __________________.
• 3. ____________________________
____________________________, but
no true body cavity.
• 4. All are __________________
Characteristics Porifera Cont.
5. Reproduce ___________________
or ___________________, sexual repr.
either ________________________ or
__________________________.
6. no __________________ system.
7. distinct _____________________.
8. Lives in ______________
environments, ___________________.
9. All are ___________________.
10. Often have a skeleton of
_____________.
Poriferans are commonly referred to as
sponges
• Appr. _______________ living sponge
species
• ______________ sponges are among the
oldest known animal fossils, dating from
the __________________________
• http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/metaz
oafr.html
There are three distinct groups
of sponges
• _________________
(___________ sponges),
• _________________
(_____________ Sponges
• ______________
(_________________
sponges).
What's a Hexactinellid?
• The hexactinellids, or glass
sponges, are characterized by
_______________
__________________ consisting of
6 rays intersecting at right angles
(toy jack)
• Hexactinellids are widely viewed as
an ________________ within the
Porifera
hexactinellids
Demospongia
• the most _____________
sponge group
• ____________________ of
the 5,000 species
• found in ____________
_________________, from
warm high-energy intertidal
settings to quiet cold
abyssal depths
Calcarea
• The ________
sponges that
possess spicules
composed of
_______________
_________________
• diversity greatest in
the ____________
• mainly found in
____________
waters
Water enters through pores called ostia, flows through canals to a spacious chamber called a spongocoel, and finally
exits through large openings called oscula
.
Feeding
• No __________; instead, they have tiny
___________ in their outer walls through
which water is drawn (____________)
• Cells in the sponge walls filter goodies
from the water as the water is pumped
through the body
• flow of water through the sponge is
_______________________, driven by
the beating of ___________________
Feeding Continued
-_____________ feeders
-_________ _______ lined with
___________ filter tiny food particles as
they flow through the sponge.
(_________________________)
The cilia produce a ______________
motion which forces water up and out of
the sponge. Water enters through Pores
called _______________ exits through
_________________.
Feeding
Anatomy: 3 main types of canal in
sponges
• _________________: Canal runs straight
through the sponge & all choanocytes line
acentral cavity called “______________”
• _________________: Canal has
______________ -allows water to wind
through sponge body.
• __________________: Most
__________________, Many ________
that lead to chambers that contain
choanocytes.
Sponges composition
• skeletons of sponges can
be composed of an
organic substance called
spongin (the stuff of an
ordinary bath sponge)
• or they may have
calcareous or siliceous
skeletons composed of
chambers, or more
commonly rod-like
branched elements called
spicules
Spicules
• Large spicules (visible to
the unaided eye) are
termed megalascleres
• small ones are called
microscleres
• Spicules have four basic
symmetries: (i) monaxon,
(ii) triaxon, (iii) tetraxon,
and (iv) polyaxon
spicular symmetry serve as the primary basis in
poriferan classification
Sponge type spicules
• Calcarea sponges -spicules of calcium
carbonate -1,3, or 4 rays
• Demospongiae - spicules made of
silica/Spongin -1,2 or 4 rays.
• Hexactinellida –Silica spicules that are 6
rayed.
Reproduction
• Hermaphroditic: no permmanent gonads, can
become either egg or sperm
• Sperm is released from the canals & is drawn
into the canals of another sponge.
• Larvae are released at a rate of 4-5/min. for 3 to
4 days.
• Larvae settle in an area that has a bacteria or
algae film on surface.
• After settling it takes about 7 days for these
minature sponges to get up and running.