MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)
_____ 1. The beak types of different
Galápagos finch species are
examples of
a. analogous structures.
b. vestigial structures.
c. fossils.
d. adaptations.
_____ 2. All the bald eagles in an
area is an example of a(n)
a. population.
b. fossil.
c. species.
d. individual.
_____ 3. Charles Lyell developed a
theory that states that
geologic processes that
shaped Earth in the past
have stayed the same
throughout time. This is the
theory of
a. uniformitarianism.
b. evolution.
c. catastrophism.
d. adaptation.
_____ 4. The false idea that a highjumper who trains to
become a champion will
have descendants who can
jump exceptionally high is
known as the
a. theory of
uniformitarianism.
b. principle of gradualism.
c. process of artificial
selection.
d. inheritance of acquired
characteristics.
_____ 5. The variations in the
features of the tortoise
populations on Albemarle
and Abingdon islands,
shown in Figure 10.1, are
examples of
FIG. 10.1
a.
b.
c.
d.
vestigial structures.
molecular fingerprinting.
acquired characteristics.
natural selection.
_____ 6. The small, non-functional
pelvic bones of a boa
constrictor are examples of
a. homologous structures.
b. vestigial structures.
c. fossil structures.
d. analogous structures.
7.In the Galápagos Islands, Charles
Darwin saw different
species of finch on different
islands. This led him to
theorize that species
a. create their own
environment.
b. can adapt to their
environment.
c. choose their best
environment.
d. are found in many
environments.
_____ 8. Charles Darwin discovered
fossils of huge animals that
resembled modern animals.
This led him to conclude
that the age of Earth was
a. less than 6000 years.
b. just 1000 years.
c. much more than 6000
years.
d. exactly 6000 years.
_____ 9. Which of the following lists
the four main principles of
the theory of natural
selection?
a. adaptation, inheritance of
acquired characteristics,
overproduction, variation
b. adaptation, inheritance of
acquired characteristics,
heritability, variation
c. adaptation, descent with
modification, heritability,
variation
d. adaptation, descent with
modification,
overproduction, variation
_____ 10. Dog breeds, such as
beagles, Border collies, and
German shepherds, were
produced by the process of
a. natural selection.
b. artificial selection.
c. descent without
modification.
d. inheritance of acquired
characteristics.
_____ 11. As an environment
changes, and some
organisms have a higher
fitness than others, natural
selection acts directly on
a. existing variations.
b. genetic material.
c. acquired traits.
d. individual organisms.
_____ 12. The hind leg bones
shown in the whale in
Figure 10.2 are
FIG. 10.2
a. fossil structures from an
extinct ancestor.
b. structures analogous to
the wings of an early
ancestor.
c. vestigial structures that
functioned in an early
ancestor.
d. homologous structures to
the wings of flying
insects.
___ 10.If the actual allele frequencies
in a population do not
match genotype frequencies
predicted by the HardyWeinberg equation, the
population is
a. isolated.
c. shrinking.
b. extinct.
d. evolving.
_____ 1. Fossils that consist of
minerals that have filled in
an open mold of an
organism are called
a. permineralized.
b. natural casts.
c. preserved remains.
d. trace fossils.
_____ 11. Which of the five factors
that can lead to evolution
would operate on a change
in body color that enabled
animals to better hide from
predators?
a. natural selection
b. genetic drift
c. sexual selection
d. gene flow
_____ 2. Which of the following
characteristics must a good
index fossil have?
a. very rare, easy to
identify, existed for a
brief time, occurs in a
local area
b. somewhat rare, hard to
identify, existed for a
brief time, widespread
c. common, hard to
identify, existed for a
long time, widespread
d. very common, easy to
identify, existed for a
brief time, widespread
_____ 12. Reproductive isolation
occurs when
a. a small number of
individuals moves and
starts a new population.
b. some catastrophic event
greatly reduces the size
of a population.
c. the gene pools of
different populations
have become very
diversified.
d. members of different
populations can no
longer mate successfully.
_____ 3. The smallest unit of
geologic time is a(n)
a. epoch. c. era.
b. period. d. eon.
_____ 13. What type of isolation
occurs when the timing of
reproduction is different
between two populations?
a. geographic
b. temporal
c. behavioral
d. selective
_____ 14. Coevolution is a process in
which species
a. evolve similar
characteristics in
different habitats.
b. become increasingly
different from each other.
c. become extinct and are
lost permanently.
d. evolve in response to
changes in each other.
_____ 15. Two species that are closely
related become increasingly
different through
a. divergent evolution.
b. disruptive selection.
c. convergent isolation.
d. competitive relationships.
_____ 10. The first land organisms emerged during the
a. Cretaceous period.
b. Paleozoic era.
c. Mesozoic era.
d. Tertiary period.
_____ 11. The Age of Reptiles is a term often used to describe the
a. Mesozoic era.
b. Paleozoic era.
c. Cenozoic era.
d. Precambrian Time.
_____ 12. Which unit of geologic time followed the mass extinction of dinosaurs?
a. Cambrian period
b. Jurassic period
c. Mesozoic era
d. Cenozoic era
_____ 13. What group of animals includes modern humans?
a. reptiles
b. trilobites
c. primates
d. marsupials
_____ 14. The fossil record identifies the hominid with the largest brain as
a. Homo neanderthalensis
b. Homo sapiens.
c. Homo habilis
d. Australopithecus afarensis
_____ 15. Fossil evidence suggests Homo sapiens first appeared
a. 4 million years ago.
b. 200,000 years ago.
c. 20,000 years ago.
d. 20 million years ago.
FIG. 11.3
16. In a desert environment, cacti are eaten by peccaries, a type of wild pig. What
type of selection is shown in Figure 11.3?
_______________________________________________________________
17. How does this type of selection occur?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
18. What would happen to the graph if the peccaries began eating more of the
very spiny cacti?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
19. What is the most common number of spines in the new cactus population?
_______________________________________________________________
20. Why are cacti with the most spines becoming more common?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
17. Which is the smallest unit of geologic time in Figure 12.3 that includes the
present time?
_______________________________________________________________
18. The largest mass extinction in Earth’s history occurred 248 million years ago.
What units of geologic time did this event divide?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
19. A group of fossils that look similar to modern organisms would most likely be
found from which era?
_______________________________________________________________
20. What periods make up the Paleozoic era?
_______________________________________________________________
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FROGS
Know: Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Family, Genus