Name: ________________________________________
Key Idea Question
Chemistry Unit 9: Kinetics and Equilibrium
Justify your answer
with an explanation or calculation.
Confidence Level
None
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9
A collision is only effective if the
colliding species have which of the
following:
a. Proper energy and orientation
b. Proper orientation and bonds
c. Proper volume and pressure
Increasing the surface area of a solid,
pressure of a gas, or the concentration
of a solution will result in
a. More frequent collisions
b. Less frequent collisions
c. Decreased reaction rate
At which temperature will the amount
of NaCl precipitating equal the amount
dissolving if 40g is dissolved?
a. 10C
b. 50C
c. 90C
In the gaseous reaction, H2 + I2 ↔ 2HI,
when pressure increases on the
system, the amount of HI
a. Increases
c. decreases
b. Remains the same
In the reaction N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3 +
heat, when the temperature of the
system is increased, the reaction shifts
a. Left
b. right
c. no shift
Draw a potential energy diagram for a
reaction where Al2O3 is created from its
elements. Label the parts of the curve
with reactants, products and what
would be affected by adding a catalyst.
In the reaction PCl5 ↔ PCl3 + Cl2, when
additional Cl2 is added, explain what
happens to all the species after
equilibrium is reestablished.
A reaction has an activation energy of
50kJ and a heat of reaction of -10kJ.
What is the activation energy and heat
of reaction for the reverse reaction?
In the reaction, NaNO3 ↔ Na+ + NO3-,
what factors will NOT shift the
equilibrium of this system?
Moderate
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10 Explain dynamic equilibrium conditions
in terms of the reaction rates and
concentration of the reactants and
products.
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Fully
Common Sense Chemistry Review
Volume 9
Don’t let chemistry stress you out!
1. Why do some “time release” medicine capsules warn
you not to crush the medicine?
2. Enzymes are made up of amino acids, which in turn are
constructed from organic compounds called proteins.
The beauty of an enzyme is that it speeds up complex,
life-sustaining reactions in the human body—reactions
that would be too slow at ordinary body temperatures.
Rather than force the body to undergo harmful
increases in temperature, how does the enzyme speed
up processes in your body?
3. On a hot day my closed water bottle gets beads for water near the top but I didn’t shake it. How did the water
get there without a change in volume of the water in the bottle?
4. When a new town is emerging the population of people begins to increase as people move in and start families.
At some point the population should plateau as people move away and die.
a. Sketch a graph that shows time versus population of the new town.
b. On the same graph, sketch how you think the population of trees in that town will look over the same
period of time, assuming the town started as a forest.
c. Mark on the graph where equilibrium will have begun.
5. Hemoglobin, a protein containing iron, is the material in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen to
the cells. The hemoglobin-oxygen interaction can be expressed thus: Hb(aq) + 4O2(g) ⇋ Hb(O2)4(aq) , where
"Hb" stands for hemoglobin. As long as there is sufficient oxygen in the air, a healthy equilibrium is maintained;
but at high altitudes, considerable changes occur.
a. At significant elevations above sea level, the air pressure is lowered. Explain why it is harder to breathe
using LeChatelier’s principle.
b. Without adequate oxygen fed to the body's cells and tissues, a person tends to feel light-headed and it
may be necessary to introduce pressurized oxygen from an oxygen tank. Explain how the additional
oxygen gas affects the equilibrium of the system.
c. When someone is exposed to carbon monoxide gas, a frightening variation on the normal hemoglobinoxygen interaction occurs. Carbon monoxide "fools" hemoglobin into mistaking it for oxygen because it
also bonds to hemoglobin in groups of four, and the equilibrium expression thus becomes:
Hb(aq) + 4CO(g) ⇋ Hb(CO)4(aq). Instead of hemoglobin, what has been produced is called
carboxyhemoglobin, which is even redder than hemoglobin. Therefore, one sign of carbon monoxide
poisoning is a flushed face. The bonds between carbon monoxide and hemoglobin are about 300 times
as strong as those between hemoglobin and oxygen, and this means a shift in equilibrium toward the
right side of the equation. It also means that K for the hemoglobin-carbon monoxide reaction is much
higher than for the hemoglobin-oxygen reaction. Due to the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon
monoxide, the hemoglobin puts a priority on carbon monoxide bonds, and hemoglobin that has bonded
with carbon monoxide is no longer available to carry oxygen. Carbon monoxide in small quantities can
cause headaches and dizziness, but larger concentrations can be fatal. To reverse the effects of the
carbon monoxide, pure oxygen must be introduced to the body. It will react with the
carboxyhemoglobin: Hb(CO)4(aq) + 4O2(g) ⇋ Hb(O2)4(aq) + 4CO(g). Explain how increases in O2 can
decrease the amount of CO in the blood.