Design Galleries: A general approach to setting parameters for
computer graphics and animation
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Citation
J. Marks, P. Beardsley, B. Andalman, B. Freeman, S. Gibson, J.
Hodgins, T. Kang, B. Mirtich, H. Pfister, W. Ruml, J. Seims, and
S. M. Shieber. Design galleries: A general approach to setting
parameters for computer graphics and animation. In Proceedings of
SIGGRAPH 97, pages 389-400, Los Angeles, CA, 1997.
Published Version
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/258734.258887
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April 11, 2017 3:56:59 PM EDT
Citable Link
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2265285
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