UWIG/EnerNex DOE Wind Turbine
Documentation Project
Model Verification Examples
Juan J. Sanchez-Gasca
GE Energy
Jason MacDowell
GE Energy
Albany, NY
July, 2011
Model Verification Tests
2
EMTP-type model vs.
detailed transient stability
model
3
Generic WTG Model Development & Verification
• PSLF model vs. WindTRAP
– Grid voltage steps
– Three-phase and SLG fault
Grid
Vthev
1
2
Wind Farm
Transformer
3
4
5
WTG
Transformer
Feeder
HV Grid
WTG
Z = 0.01 + j 0.03
Z = 0.04 + j 0.20
X = 0.10
X = 0.05
Note: All impedances in pu on WTG 30 MW base
Notes: High and low voltage trips disabled
Power order held constant
No reactive power controller
4
WTG Type 3 - Small Voltage Step Test
WindTRAP – blue
PSLF - red
1.5 MW WTG
3.6 MW WTG
5
WTG Type 3 - Large Voltage Step Test
WindTRAP – blue
PSLF - red
1.5 MW WTG
3.6 MW WTG
6
WTG Type 3 - Fault Test
WindTRAP – blue
PSLF - red
1.5 MW WTG
3.6 MW WTG
7
WTG Type 4 – Fault Test
•
Validation of GE Type 4 model against detailed model
Real Power comparison
8
Detailed transient stability
model vs. generic model
9
Aerodynamic Model Simplification
Detailed 3-D Cp Curve.
2-D Cp Curve used in
detailed models
Linear relations
allow for simplifications
10
WTG Type 3 - SMIB System
Black: Generic
Red: Detailed
Blue: 3D Cp
11
WTG Type 3 - Large System
Blue: Simplified, Red: Detailed (Curve Fit Cp)
Wind power plant: 130 3.6 MW wind turbines
12
WTG Type 4 - SMIB System
13
Transient stability model
vs. measured data
14
GE Testing and Model Validation Experience –
an Example…
• Tests performed at Individual WTG & Wind Plant level
– Test Response to
• control test probes
• local grid events – cap switching
– Example Plant:
• >40 GE 1.5sle WTGs
• GE WindCONTROL supervisory controller
Test 1: Individual WTG Test
•
Test fast response of individual turbine
•
3% positive step
Qgen
+
Vterm
Vmax
-
KQi / s
Qcmd
s0
Vmin
Voltage Step
Stimulus
Vref
+
Vterm + XIQmax
KVi / s
Vterm + XIQmin
s1
Eq"cmd
(efd)
WTG Reactive Power Response
Unit Internal Voltage Reference Step Test
Voltage Reference Step Test
P
1600
Pwr
QPwrGrid
Q PSLF
1200
kVA
Q
800
400
Q - Model
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Seconds (50ms sample)
60
70
80
90
100
WTG Reactive Power Response - Detail
P
Internal Voltage Reference Step Test
Voltage Unit
Reference
Step Test
1500
Pwr
QPwrGrid
Q PSLF
1200
900
kVA
Q
600
Q - Model
300
0
25
26
27
28
29
30
Seconds (50ms sample)
31
32
33
34
35
WTG Type 3 - Plant Level Volt/Var Test
VPOI
Vmeas
Imeas
WindCONTROL
nQcmd
Switch Off 10
MVAr Shunt
Capacitor
Shunt Bank(s):
Manually switched
for test stimulus
P PLANT
Q PLANT
VTerm
Qcmd i
Pwtg Qwtg
19
Volt/Var Control
• Switching
operation
causes POI
and WTG
voltages to
step down
Slower Refined Plant-Level Control
WindVAR Emulation
Vrfq
(vref)
Vreg
Kiv/s
+
1
1+ sTr
s4
1/fN
-
Kpv
1+ sTv
s3
+
Qwv
+
1
1+ sTc
s5
Qmin
s2
Slower WTG
Q Control
• Both fast WTG
and slower
supervisory
controls
respond
Qmax
Fast Initial WTG
Voltage Control
Qgen
+
Qcmd
Vterm
Vmax
-
KQi / s
s0
Vmin
Vref
+
Vterm + XIQmax
KVi / s
Vterm + XIQmin
s1
Eq"cmd
(efd)
Qord
Field Test vs. PSLF Simulation – Reactive
Power
Test 6 PSLF
11000
9000
MVAr
7000
5000
3000
1000
-1000
0
10
20
30
Qg
Time
Q plant
40
Q cmd
50
60
21
Field Test vs. PSLF Simulation – Voltage
25200
Measured Voltage
Simulated Voltage
24500
0
60
Cap Bank Switched Off Test
Cap bank switched off
W10: Vpoi - Measured
[W9/34.5]
1
0.995
0.99
POI Voltage Response
0
1
2
3
Fast initial
WTG response
10
4
5
Seconds
6
7
8
9
10
W14: Q poi - Measured
[MOVAVG(W16,200)]
Q poi - MVAr
8
6
Slower, refined plant-level response
4
2
0
-2
POI Q Response
-4
-6
0
1
2
3
4
5
Seconds
6
7
8
9
10
W19: Qcmd (plant)
[W17/0.0002/1000]
10
5
Q cmd - MVAr
V poi - pu
1.005
0
-5
-10
Plant Qcmd
-15
-20
0
1
2
3
4
5
Seconds
6
7
8
9
10
23
Cap Bank Switched Off Test – Measured vs.
Simulation Data
W42: V POI (Blue = Measured Green = Simulated) [(W10)|overplot(W45)]
1.005
0.995
0.99
0.985
0
1
2
3
4
5
Seconds
6
7
8
9
10
8
9
10
8
9
10
W43: Q POI (Blue = Measured Green = Simulated) [(W14)|overplot(W46)]
Qpoi (MVAr)
9
6
3
0
-3
-6
0
1
2
3
4
5
Seconds
6
7
W44: Qcmd POI (Blue = Measured Green = Simulated) [(W19)|overplot(W47*90.18)]
10
Qcmd (MVAr)
Vpoi (pu)
1
0
-10
-20
0
1
2
3
4
5
Seconds
6
7
24
PSLF GE WTG Models
Generator
Excitation / Controller
Turbine
Type 3
(GE WTG)
Type 4
(GE WTG)
gewtg
exwtge
wndtge
gewtg
ewtgfc
wndtge
See Application Note 03-2 “Modeling of
GE Wind Turbine-Generators for Grid Studies”
GE WTG Model Description Document
• Description of model components
• Block diagrams
• Sample data
• Simulation results
PSLF WTG Generic Dynamic Models
Model Type
Generator
Excitation / Controller
Turbine
Pitch Controller
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4
wt1g
wt2g
wt2e
wt2t
wt2p
wt3g
wt3e
wt3t
wt3p
wt4g
wt4e
wt4t
wt1t
wt1p
All 4 generic models are standard for the current PSLF release
27
Conclusions and Closing Remarks
• Verification tests are an indispensable part of model
development and implementation
• Field measurements suitable for model validation is hard
to obtain/disseminate
• Current versions of generic models do not reproduce the
behavior of advanced power management features that
are becoming available from some manufacturers –
features must be added for model validation
28
The End….
This concludes
the presentation
– Thank you.
29