Cell Biology
(For seven-year students)
Chapter1 Introduction
Section 1 The Cell
Section 2 Cell Biology
Section 1 The Cell
1.1 Cell:
The structure and functional
unit of an organism; the smallest structure
capable of performing all the functions
necessary for life.
1.2 Properties of Cells
Cells can harness and transform energy by extracting
energy from foodstuff and converting it into a form that
drives cellular reactions.

Cells can control their own cellular environment by
regulating what gets into them and what leaves them.

Cells replicate themselves and their constituents so that
new cells arise from preexisting ones.

Cells differentiate and specialize enabling specific cells to
carry out a specific function or functions.


Cells interact to form larger units.
Section 2 Cell Biology
2.1 Cell Biology: is a branch of the biology
sciences, which regards cells as the object
of study and researches the structure of
cells and principles of cellular activities at
three level – cellular,subcellular and
molecular. It’s the fundamental subject of
biological and medical science.
2.2 History of Cell Biology
Development
Year
Name
Contribution
1665
Robert Hooke
Uses the word to describe compartments he sees
in cork under the microscope
1677
Leeuwenhoek
Uses microscope to view living microorganism
1831
Brown
Publishes his microscopic observations of
orchids,clearly describing the cell nucleus.
1839
Purkinji
Defines the concept of protoplasm
1838
Matthias Schleiden
Proposed the cell theory,stating that the nucleated cell is
Theodor Schwann
the unit of structure and function in plants and animals
1855
Rudolf Virchow
States cells come only from preexisting cells
1880
Walther Flemming
Studies the movement of chromosomes during
mitosis
1938
Ruska
Makes first electronic microscope
1953 James Watson &
Francis Crick
Establish that the molecular structure for DNA is a
double helix
1958 Matthew Meselson
Demonstrate that DNA replication is
semiconservative
1961 Marshall Nirenbery
Produce synthetic RNA, enabling them to break the
DNA code
1970 Temin & Baltimore
Reverse transcriptase
1977
Sequencing of DNA; intervening sequences in genes
1981
Catalytic RNA; transgenic animals are made
1987 Kary Mullis
Polymerase chain reaction
1995
Sequencing of whole genome Haemophilus
1997
Human genome project; cloning of “Dolly the sheep
2000
Accomplishment of human genome project
Influenzae
Cell Theory:
In 1838~1839, Schleiden and Schwann
elaborated the cell theory :
1. All organism (either animals or plants) composed of cells.
2. The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit
of biological systems.
3.Cells arise only from preexisting cells.
2.3 The Content of Cell Biology
① Nucleus，Chromosome and Gene Expression
② Biomembrane and Cytoplasmic Organelles
③ System of Cytoskeleton
④ Cell Proliferation and Control
⑤ Cell Differentiation and Control
⑥ Cell Senescence/Cellular Aging and Cell Apoptosis
⑦ Cell Origin and Cell Evolution
⑧ Cell Engineering
⑨ Extracellular matrix and Functions
⑩ Cell Recognition, Cell Adhesion and Cell
Communication
2.4 Cell Biology Study
Trends
① Cell Communication and Cell Signal Transduction
② Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Control
③ Cell Development and Differentiation
④ Cell senescence and Death
⑤ Stem Cell and Applications
⑥ Cell Engineering
Bruce Alberts et al. Essential Cell Biology. Garland publishing Inc., New York
1998
Bruce Alberts et al. Molecular Biology of The Cell. 4th ed., Garland Publishing,
Inc., New York 2002
Lodish H. et al. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th ed., W.H. Freeman and Company,
New York 2000
Gerald Karp. Cell and Molecular Biology: concepts and experiments. 2nd New
York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.,1999
Journals and books:
Cell
Science
Nature
Journal of Cell Biology
Trend in Cell Biology
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