Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
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программы «Политический анализ и публичная политика»
Правительство Российской Федерации
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
"Национальный исследовательский университет
"Высшая школа экономики"
Общеуниверситетская кафедра публичной политики
Программа дисциплины “Теория игр и основы управления коллективным
поведением” (“Game Theory and Collective Actions ”)
для направления 03.0200.68«Политология» подготовки магистра
для магистерской программы «Политический анализ и публичная политика»
Автор программы:
Козлов В.А., кандидат экономических наук, [email protected]
Одобрена на заседании кафедры [Введите название кафедры] «24» июля 2013г.
Зав. кафедрой [Н.Ю. Беляева]
Рекомендована секцией УМС [Введите название секции УМС] «___»____________ 20 г
Председатель [Введите И.О. Фамилия]
Утверждена УС факультета [Введите название факультета] «___»_____________20 г.
Ученый секретарь [Введите И.О. Фамилия] ________________________ [подпись]
Москва, 2013
Настоящая программа не может быть использована другими подразделениями
университета и другими вузами без разрешения кафедры-разработчика программы.
Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
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Область применения и нормативные ссылки (Scope of Use)
1
The present syllabus is aimed at faculty teaching this course, their teaching assistants, and students of the degree program 03.0200.68 ‘Political Science’, master’s program ‘Political Analysis and
Public Policy’.
This syllabus meets the standards required by:
• National Research University - Higher School of Economics,
• degree program 030200.68 ‘Political Science’, master’s program ‘Political Analysis and Public Policy’,
• Master program curriculum as of 2013.
2
Цели освоения дисциплины (Learning Objectives)
The aim of the course is to provide the students with the basic knowledge about game theory
and theory of collective actions. The skills received from the discipline can be used for independent
analysis of strategies and actions of political actors from the position of rationality. The other aims of
the course are following:

To master the main methods of strategic behavior analysis, taking into account the possible
consequences of other actors’ decision making

To get basic information about the governance of agents’ behavior

To analyze the probabilities of different decisions made by political actors
3
Компетенции обучающегося, формируемые в результате освоения
дисциплины (Learning outcomes)
By the end of the course, the students are expected:
•
to know about the main problems, theorems and definitions used in game theory, as well as in
probability theory and theory of collective actions;
•
to be able to understand main characteristics and specialties of collective and individual
decision making process, consequences of the collective decisions both in the individual and
society levels; to calculate probabilities of different event; to model possible decisions for
different political problems;
•
to have skills in analyzing different political situations. Taking into account rational choice and
different probabilities of success.
Students’ competences expected by the end of the course:
Competence
ФГОС/
НИУ
Code
Descriptors
Teaching methods and forms
system(СК):
Is able to update and develop
his/her level of culture and
intelligence level, to build a
trajectory of the professional
development and career
СК - 4 Makes definitions on his/her own,
possesses skills to select and adopt
new literature on his/her topics of
specialization or on interfaces, interprets subjects under the study in cultural, political, social context consid-
Work without assistance with
literature, home works on bibliography and abstracting the
literature practice. Classroom
discussions,
data retrieval practice using
Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
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Competence
ФГОС/
НИУ
Code
Descriptors
Teaching methods and forms
system(СК):
Is able to analyze, verify,
access a fullness of the
information in the course
of the professional activity, to fill in and synthesize
the lacking information in
the case of necessity and
to work in conditions of
ambiguity
Is able to conduct professional and research activities in the international
environment
professional (ПК)
Is able to use Russian and
English languages as
means for business communication easily
Is able to format, present
an report the results of the
conducted work.
Is able to conduct a political science analysis of the
political, economic and
social researches with the
use of the quality and
quantity methods.
4
ering historical and technological
changes.
СК - 6 Selects and adopts up-to-date scientific literature on research topic without assistance. Has formed the habit
to observe regularly new information
on the research topic from different
sources. Can apply knowledge he/she
has adopted through literature or distant education.
data bases and Internet, essay
writing.
Working on his/her own with
the course teachers periodical
control, writing essays, home
works preparation.
СК - 8
Chooses those informational technologies which could be applied to
the research, possesses the tools, uses
in a creative way contemporary national and foreign experience.
Participation in the group work
and discussions in class, writing essays, home works preparation.
ПК-3
Uses Russian and English language materials
Participation in the group work
and discussions in class, writing essays, home works preparation.
ПК-5
ПК-8
Performs the research results accordHomework and team work
ing to professional requirements and
results presentations.
type of research work.
Chooses appropriate common and Participation in the group
specific methods to analyze a re- work, writing essays, home
search subject.
works preparation.
Место дисциплины в структуре образовательной программы НИУ (Place
of the discipline in the Master program structure)
This course is a professional one, taught in the third and fourth semester of the first year of
Master Program ‘Political Analysis and Public Policy’ for the both existing specializations ‘Political
Analysis and Public Policy’ and ‘Human Rights and Democratic Governance’. This is an elective
course that welcomes but does not necessarily require prior knowledge in economic institutions and
public policy.
It is crucial for the students’ research papers and Master’s dissertation, especially for those who
chose specialization in analysis of social policy.
5
Тематический план учебной дисциплины (Course Plan)
Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
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№
Topic
1
2
Introduction into game theory
The rules of the game (strategies, dominance,
Nash equilibrium, focal points)
Information
Mixed strategies
Continuous Strategies
Dynamic Games with Symmetric Information
Reputation and Repeated Games with Symmetric Information
Game theory in social and political science
Collective actions theory. Logic of collective
actions
Critical mass theory. Threshold effects.
Social networks
Social capital
Total:
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
6
Contact hours
Independent
students’
work
Lectures Seminars
2
2
6
5
4
7
7
7
7
2
4
4
4
4
2
3
3
3
3
11
14
6
8
5
6
11
11
14
108
6
6
8
60
5
5
6
48
Формы контроля (Requirements and Grading)
Type of
grading
Current
(week)
Final
6.1
Total
hours
4
11
Type of work
Essay
Homework
Exam
1st year
1 2 3 4
6
7
9
Characteristics
1-2 thousand words
1-2 thousand words
Written exam – 80 min
Критерии оценки знаний, навыков (Course Grade Criteria)
Within the frame of the course the student should demonstrate: the knowledge of theoretical
and normative literature on the topics of the course, good knowledge of the literature from the main list
and some knowledge of the literature given in the additional list; ability to analyze the material read;
ability to summarize and to confront arguments, facts, figures and points of view given in the reading
materials and lectures; to put the received information in the current national and international context;
ability to discuss the topics covered within the frame of the course on a high level.
During the lectures and seminars the following forms of work will be applied: discussions,
analysis of the certain games and cases.
The current control includes essay and homework at the end of each module (1-2 thousand
words analysis of one problematic issue in the field of game theory and case of collective actions) as
prescribed by the curriculum. It is to be prepared at home and delivered in class.
The final control is done in the form of the written exam. The duration of the exam is 80 min
with the use of formulas.
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During the final control the student should demonstrate that the material, prescribed by the syllabus was learned fully as well as the ability to analyze and creatively interpret the information received, to critically assess different fields of game theory and collective actions, reasons and consequences of certain policy measures for different actors.
The presentation of the student on the exam should be clear precise and comprehensive. It
should cover substance of the question and demonstrate a student’s understanding of a various aspects
of the problem.
7
Содержание курса (Course Description)
Topic 1. Introduction into game theory
Definition and the main example of the games. The main fields of game theory.
Lectures: 2 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 2 hours.
Required Reading:
1. А.В. Захаров Теория игр в общественных науках. Препринт. 2011. www.politecon.ru/zakharov/teaching/game_theory.pdf
Optional Reading:
Topic 2.
The rules of the game
Strategies, dominance, equilibriums and Nash equilibrium, focal points
Lectures: 6 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 5 hours
Required Reading:
1. А.В. Захаров Теория игр в общественных науках. Препринт. 2011. www.politecon.ru/zakharov/teaching/game_theory.pdf
Optional Reading:
1. Dixit A., Nalebuff B. The art of strategy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008.
Introduction, Chapter 1.
2. В.И. Данилов. Лекции по теории игр. Препринт РЭШ, 2002. Лекции 7, 8.
Topic 3.
Information
The strategic and extensive forms of a game. Information sets. Perfect, certain, symmetric, and
complete information
Lectures: 4 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 3 hours
Required Reading:
Optional Reading:
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Topic 4.
Mixed strategies
Mixed strategies: The Welfare Game. Correlated Strategies Different Uses of Mixing and Randomizing
Lectures: 4 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 3 hours
Required Reading:
1. А.В. Захаров Теория игр в общественных науках. Препринт. 2011. www.politecon.ru/zakharov/teaching/game_theory.pdf
2. Dixit A., Nalebuff B. The art of strategy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008.
Chapter 5.
3. Открытый видеокурс лекций по теории игр профессора Бена Полака (Йельский
университет): Lecture 9 - Mixed strategies in theory and tennis:
http://oyc.yale.edu/economics/game-theory/contents/sessions/session-9-mixed-strategiesin-theory-and-tennis
Optional Reading:
1. Dekking, F.M., Kraaikamp, C., Lopuhaä, H.P., Meester, L.E. A Modern Introduction to
Probability and Statistics: Understanding Why and How. Springer, 2005.
2. Richard Isaac The Pleasures of Probability.
Topic 5. Continuous Strategies.
Continuous strategies: The Cournot game. Continuous strategies: The Bertrand game, strategic
complements, and strategic subsitutes. Existence of equilibrium
Lectures: 4 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 3 hours
Required Reading:
Optional Reading:
1. Dixit A., Nalebuff B. The art of strategy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008.
Chapter 5.
2. Открытый видеокурс лекций по теории игр профессора Бена Полака (Йельский
университет): Lecture 9 - Mixed strategies in theory and tennis:
http://oyc.yale.edu/economics/game-theory/contents/sessions/session-9-mixed-strategiesin-theory-and-tennis
Topic 6.
Dynamic Games with Symmetric Information.
Game tree. Timing. Subgame Perfectness
Lectures: 4 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 3 hours
Required Reading:
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магистерской программы «Политический анализ и публичная политика»
1. Dekking, F.M., Kraaikamp, C., Lopuhaä, H.P., Meester, L.E. A Modern Introduction to
Probability and Statistics: Understanding Why and How. Springer, 2005.
2. Richard Isaac The Pleasures of Probability.
Optional Reading:
1. Schelling T. Arms and Influence. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.
Topic 7.
Reputation and Repeated Games with Symmetric Information
Finitely repeated games. Infinitely repeated games. Reputation. “Folk theorem”
Lectures: 4 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 3 hours
Required Reading:
1. А.В. Захаров Теория игр в общественных науках. Препринт. 2011. www.politecon.ru/zakharov/teaching/game_theory.pdf
Optional Reading:
1. Открытый видеокурс лекций по теории игр профессора Бена Полака (Йельский
университет):
Lecture 21 - Backward induction: reputation and duels
http://oyc.yale.edu/economics/game-theory/contents/sessions/session-21-repeated-gamescooperation-vs.-the-end
Lecture 22 - Repeated games: cheating, punishment, and outsourcing
http://oyc.yale.edu/economics/game-theory/contents/sessions/session-22-repeated-gamescheating-punishment-and
Topic 8.
Game theory in social and political science
Main actors and stakeholders of policy. Theory of democracy. Median voter. Political platforms.
Lectures: 6 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 5 hours
Required Reading:
1. А.В. Захаров Теория игр в общественных науках. Препринт. 2011. www.politecon.ru/zakharov/teaching/game_theory.pdf
2. Downs, Anthony. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row,
1957.
Optional Reading:
1. Gehlbach S. Formal Models of Domestic Politics. Paragraph 1.1: The Hotelling-Downs
model. http://users.polisci.wisc.edu/gehlbach/documents/Chapter%201.pdf
Topic 9. Collective actions theory.
Logic and basic definitions of collective actions
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Lectures: 8 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 6 hours
Required Reading:
1. Olson, Mancur The logic of collective actions, Cambridge Harvard University Press,
1965.
2. Oliver, Pamela , Gerald Marwell, and Ruy Teixeira 1985 `A theory of critical mass:
Interdependence, group heterogeneity, and the production of collective action'. American
Journal of Sociology 91: 522-556.
Optional Reading:
Topic 10.
Critical mass theory.
Threshold effects. Free-rider’s problem. Coalitions. Homogeneous and heterogeneous groups.
Lectures: 6 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 5 hours
Required Reading:
1. Olson, Mancur The logic of collective actions, Cambridge Harvard University Press,
1965.
2. Oliver, Pamela , Gerald Marwell, and Ruy Teixeira 1985 `A theory of critical mass:
Interdependence, group heterogeneity, and the production of collective action'. American
Journal of Sociology 91: 522-556.
Optional Reading:
Topic 11.
Social networks.
Main concepts and definitions of social network. Examples of networks. Natural experiments in social
networks. Social networks and mobilization
Lectures: 6 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 5 hours
Required Reading:
1. Oliver, Pamela , Gerald Marwell, and Ralph Prahl Social Networks and Collective Action:
A Theory of the Critical Mass. III.
2. Eguiluz, Victor M., Zimmermann, Martin G., and Cela-Conde, Camilo J. (2005),
‘Cooperation and the Emergence of Role Differentiation in the Dynamics of Social
Networks’, 110 American Journal of Sociology, 977-1008.
Optional Reading:
Topic 12.
Social capital.
Existence and gaining of social capital. Measurement of social capital. Social capital and trust. Social
capital and economy.
Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
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Lectures: 8 hours. Seminars: 0 hours.
Independent student’s work: 6 hours
Required Reading:
Axelrod, Robert 1984 The evolution of cooperation. New York: Basic Books.
Optional Reading:
Nooteboom, Bart (2007), ‘Social Capital, Institutions and Trust’, 65(1) Review of Social Economy, 29-53.
8
Образовательные технологии (Teaching Methods and Recommendations)
The course is taught with the use of interactive techniques. Students are expected to analyze the different policy measures and political decisions in different fields with regard a certain given issue, work of
the international, federal an regional authorities, coherence, logic and effectiveness of the complex
state policy (and in some cases corporations) in this regard and to explain their behaviour. Also, students analyze the challenges and prospective of certain cases in the given field of the policy and forecast the behavior of different political actors.
9
Оценочные средства для текущего контроля и аттестации студента
(Grading Estimation)
9.1
Тематика заданий текущего контроля (Provisional Topics for Current Control)
The current control includes one homework (1-2 thousand words analysis of one problematic
issue) as prescribed by the curriculum. It is to be prepared at home and delivered in class.
The example topics for the homework:
1. The real strategic behavior of political actors should be described in formal definitions of
game theory. The equilibriums in the game should be found and strategies should be explained. The
student should also assess the profits and losses of the players
2. The student should describe the real collective actions and identify the main stakeholders,
reasons for collective actions and consequences of them for all described stakeholders. The student
should also observe alternatives of collective actions.
9.2
Вопросы для оценки качества освоения дисциплины (Provisional Questions for grading estimation)
1.
2.
3.
4.
To make a formal game, describing a real situation
To find a Nash equilibrium for pure and mixed strategies.
To find a Nash equilibrium in dynamic game.
To find basic definitions of “critical mass theory”, what is the difference between this
theory and the others collective actions theories.
5. Main definitions and examples of social networks.
6. To find certain examples (from real life) for collective actions.
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10 Порядок формирования оценок по дисциплине (The rule of forming cumulative grade)
Cumulative grade for current work formula is:
Оcurrent = 0,2·Оseminar + 0,4·Оessay + 0,4·Оhomework;
Cumulative grade consists of student’s activity on seminars and in case discussions within lectures.
Оcumulative = 0,8·Оcurrent + 0,2·Оwork in class;
Final cumulative grade formula is:
Оfinal grade = 0,4·Оtest + 0,6·Оcumulative
In the Master Degree Certificate the final grade will be written down.
11 Reading and Materials (Учебно-методическое и информационное
обеспечение дисциплины)
11.1 Textbooks and Readers (Базовый учебник)
E. Rasmusen Games and Information, fourth edition. An Introduction to Game Theory
http://www.rasmusen.org/GI/download.htm
11.2 Required Reading (Основная литература)
А.В. Захаров Теория игр в общественных науках. Препринт. 2011. www.politecon.ru/zakharov/teaching/game_theory.pdf
Axelrod, Robert 1984 The evolution of cooperation. New York: Basic Books.
Downs, Anthony. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row, 1957.
Eguiluz, Victor M., Zimmermann, Martin G., and Cela-Conde, Camilo J. (2005), ‘Cooperation
and the Emergence of Role Differentiation in the Dynamics of Social Networks’, 110 American Journal of So-ciology, 977-1008.
Richard Isaac The Pleasures of Probability.
Olson, Mancur The logic of collective actions, Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1965.
Oliver, Pamela , Gerald Marwell, and Ruy Teixeira 1985 `A theory of critical mass: Interdependence, group heterogeneity, and the production of collective action'. American Journal of Sociology 91: 522-556.
Oliver, Pamela , Gerald Marwell, and Ralph Prahl Social Networks and Collective Action: A
Theory of the Critical Mass. III.
11.3 Optional Reading (Дополнительная литература)
В.И. Данилов. Лекции по теории игр. Препринт РЭШ, 2002. Лекции 7, 8.
Открытый видеокурс лекций по теории игр профессора Бена Полака
(Йельский
университет): Lecture 9 - Mixed strategies in theory and tennis: http://oyc.yale.edu/economics/gametheory/contents/sessions/session-9-mixed-strategies-in-theory-and-tennis
Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
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магистерской программы «Политический анализ и публичная политика»
Dekking, F.M., Kraaikamp, C., Lopuhaä, H.P., Meester, L.E. A Modern Introduction to Probability and Statistics: Understanding Why and How. Springer, 2005.
Dixit A., Nalebuff B. The art of strategy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008.
Introduction, Chapter 1.
Gehlbach S. Formal Models of Domestic Politics. Paragraph 1.1: The Hotelling-Downs model.
http://users.polisci.wisc.edu/gehlbach/documents/Chapter%201.pdf
Nooteboom, Bart (2007), ‘Social Capital, Institutions and Trust’, 65(1) Review of Social
Economy, 29-53.
Schelling T. Arms and Influence. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.
12 Equipment
There is no need in any specific equipment apart from laptop and projector.
Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»
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магистерской программы «Политический анализ и публичная политика»