CARBON SOURCES IN SOUTH-EAST FINLAND AND MODELLING
OF DIFFERENT OPTIONS FOR CO2 UTILISATION IN TRANSITION
STAGE TO RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE
Timo Hyppänen
Hannu Karjunen, Tero Tynjälä, Eero Inkeri
Lappeenranta
29.8.2016
International School on Energy Systems
(ISES 2016)
August 28 – September 02 2016
Germany
… invites young researchers and young professionals
in the fields of energy technologies, economics, political
science, and related disciplines to discuss the
challenges of present and future energy systems
• 50 participants accepted based on applications
• Lectures by designated keynote speakers, industry
perspectives
Challenges of existing energy systems and
challenges of a transformation process
Criteria for the assessment of energy systems
Determinants of future sustainable energy systems
System level analysis
Carbon sources, power sources geographically/temporally distributed
How to put together? - system level modeling for options (transport/storage)
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PtX integration: intermittency, biofuels, chemicals - CO2 sources required
Infrastructure: grids, storages, transportation
Technologies: refining/production/capture processes, dynamic operation
Locations
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CO2 sources
Electrolysis/methanation
Power production/demand
Heat production/demand
Transport/storage
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CO2
Methane (H2, O2)
Power grid
Heat
System level analysis
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Seasonal, scales
Nodal approach, customizable
scenarios
Key points in the approach
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Hourly time steps
”Source-to-sink” –cycle for carbon
Adjustable scale
Locations, transport considered
• Concrete systems with locations
of plants, storages and transport
Infrastructural configurations
Concept: infrastructure network
A complete system takes into account
• Actions between interfaces
• Optimal solution in terms of…
• Infrastructural deployment
• Economical minimum
Concept: system model
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Node produces and consumes electricity, heat, gas, CO2…
Each node is unique, all nodes form a network and trade resources
Varying scope: Node can represent a city, a single plant, a region…
How to find an optimal configuration for nodes and transport
connections while satisfying the balances of variables
Relevant studies elsewhere
Regional studies in Germany (Rhein
province):
”infrastructural challenges of the
energy transition with regard to Power
to Gas energy storage”
• 28 million €, Horizon 2020 project STORE&GO
• Integrating Power-to-Gas technology into the future European energy system
• Mapping European PtG potential
Johannes Schaffert, IRES Conference, Düsseldorf, 16.03.2016
Geografische Analyse infrastruktureller Herausforderungen der Energiewende im Hinblick auf die Energiespeicherung durch Power to-Gas. Erste Einblicke am
Beispiel Nordrhein-Westfalens 2015
Rhein study - close to NCE infra study
Rhein study description:
• Modeling of relevant infrastructures such as the gas transportation grid, the
electricity transmission grid, the 110kV electricity distribution grids, biogas
plants, CO2 sources, H2 sinks and many more…
• Developing simulation tools to calculate the most beneficial locations that
serve a set of given demands (renewable excess energy, grid services, …)
• Focusing on infrastructural specifications of Rhein province: including the
industrial demands, consumptions and CO2 sources
• First approaches to identify location classes based on reasonable
assumptions have been made
NCE1 - Case Finland, 100 % RE 2050
Transferred CO2
CO2
Sources
Hourly data from WP2
Stored CO2
Transferred CO2
Regional study for South Karelia started
WHY
• To understand plant-level interactions
• Study for Finland - scale too broad for details
WHAT WILL BE DONE
• Scope and target to be adjusted
• Cross-check against previous study for Finland
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Realistic capacity
Storages in individual plants
Intra- and interregional transfers
Large/small CO2 sources and PtX units
Also other regions possible with the same
approach
CO2 emissions in South Karelia
13 %
87 %
Total Fossil
Pulp & Paper Biogenic
Comparing large and small units
• In terms of CO2 acquisition
– Economy of scale in CO2 capture, PtG/PtL?
– Number of suitable sites – regional potential optimally utilised
• Coordination – common views – linkage to other WPs
Large
Size
Large, concentrated
systems
Operation
Baseload, stiff operation
Investment / Risk Large
Competitive edge Economy of scale?
Large volume
Small
Small, distributed systems
Variable, flexible operation
Small
Frequency containment
Electricity price?
Further cases
Scandinavia
• In cooperation with WP2 (European level study)
• Scope to be specified (WP2) PtX
• Option for a scope: self-sustainable biofuel production chain (Oil
independency)
Finland revisited
• Optional energy scenarios
• Transition phase
• Refined views from regional studies
• More comprehensive economical evaluation
NCE cases in coordination with WP2, WP3
Tool development
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Current model in MATLAB
Transition to open source models
could offer long-term benefits
Limited actions during 2nd phase
due to limited resources
Option: Open Energy Modelling
Framework (oemof)
– In active development
– Python
• Other alternatives exist:
http://wiki.openmodinitiative.org/wiki/Open_Models
https://oemof.wordpress.com/
Energy system tools used in NCE
TIMES
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Prospective analysis of possible futures by scenarios, outputs energy system configurations
Technology database, policy scenarios
Balmorel
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Optimizes investments in power and heat generation as well as in transmission
interconnections
Outputs new generation and transmission capacity
WILMAR
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Optimizes the unit commitment and economic dispatch of power plants in the time scale of
36 hours
EnergyPLAN
LUT-WP2
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Energy system optimization with transmission interconnections
LUT-WP4
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PtG/L placement, carbon balance and CO2 transport
NEO-CARBON ENERGY project is one of the Tekes strategic research
openings and the project is carried out in cooperation with Technical Research
Centre of Finland VTT Ltd, Lappeenranta University of Technology LUT and
University of Turku, Finland Futures Research Centre FFRC.