150
ACTA ELECTROTEHNICA
Artesian Fountain with PLC Control
R. Copîndean; R. A. Munteanu; F. Drăgan
Faculty of Electric Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Abstract – The paper presents control water jets and the lights for a fountain with PLC. Command can be synchronized with a
musical background or with a generated sequence of control of jets and lights.
Keywords – Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), analog expansion module, low pass filter, band pass filter, optocoupler, ladder
diagram,
1.
INTRODUCTION
The fountain is a collection of devices and
architectural parts of which water squeezes out the
pressure in the air. Water in the fountain is often reused
by recirculation.
The fountain has been implemented for the first
time in 1126 by monks from the ancient province
Artois, France. Later, Louis the XIV-th of France
decorated gardens Versailes, with artesian fountains to
show the power of the nature. Originally, the goal was
to provide water wells for people and give extra
coolness in summer. Nowadays, artesian wells are used
to decorate parks or streets, inner yards and to celebrate
events and personalities.
Major European cities like London and Paris, have
made it a point to build fountains in memory of national
heroes or national holidays. Made with a special
architectural sense, they attract tourists from all over
the world. Most fountains, built in Europe were
influenced by ancient Greek and Roman architecture. In
the East, due to hot, dry climate, many Muslims had
built a fountain in the middle of each garden to use
water more easily. But the Japanese give a more
important role - not only simple decorative element of
the garden, but the element that creates harmony and
peace.
If at first artesian were constructed only of stone,
bronze and subsequently, today things are more
different. Architects are turning to materials such as
glass, cement, plastic or steel. Advanced technology
enable them to make a fountain of the garden or from
the exterior, based on electrical energy, music, electric
pump of water, water jets controlled There are artesian
fountain, which combines jets of water (colored or not),
with the music.
Artesian have operational function, refer to air
quality. Always, people have tried to bring peace in
their lives, and it is well-known from ancient times, the
sound of water flowing, has healing powers. Air is
loaded with positive or negative ions. Positive ions are
emitted by the microwave ovens, computers, heating
appliances, TVs and other electrical appliances or
household appliances. Inhaling these positive ions
results in faster installation status of mental and
physical fatigue, which affects our health. Flowing
water releases negative ions, and this brings with it
balance [1].
2.
GENERAL PRESENTATION
The block diagram for the fountain, Figure 1,
include:
- Musical source can be CD / DVD player, MP3
player, sound card of a PC
- Low-pass filter to control switching water jets
- Band-pass filter to modulate the intensity of the
water jet
- PLC MELSEC FX3G-24MR and FX3U-4AD
analog input module., Mitsubishi Electric,
Industrial Automation [2, 5]
- Pumps and colored lights.[7]
Fig. 1 – Schematic diagram
2.1. Sound source
Musical signal level must be around 1 Volt owner.
It will use the output Line Out or headphone output. It
will adjust the level so that we see flashing LED from
input X1
2.2. Filters
Low-pass filter is a device that passes low frequency
signals and attenuates high frequency ones [3].
© 2014 – Mediamira Science Publisher. All rights reserved
Volume 55, Number 3-4, 2014
151
You can use up to 10 circuits of this type PLC
model chosen above. Optocouplers provide protection
transistor PLC outputs if the fault or short.
3.
Fig. 2 – The response amplitude-frequency low-pass filter
Low pass filter has cutoff frequency 80Hz. [4]
Band-pass filter is a device that passes frequency
signals between the two values and attenuated on the
outside lane
PROGRAMING
When a PLC is used primarily to replace relays,
timers, and counters, it's hard to beat the simplicity and
usefulness of ladder diagram programming.
Ladder diagram programming allows PLCs to
perform several different types of tasks, including
Boolean logic, timing, counting, arithmetic, and special
functions.
Software was used for GX Developer , Mitsubishi
Electric, Industrial Automation[13],
3.1. The control program synchronized on
music
Band-pass filter will provide information for the
intensity of the water jet .To read values from analog
expansion module FX3U-4AD, will use instructions
FROM/TO [6 p73]
Fig3 – The response amplitude-frequency band-pass filter
The band-pass filter has range 320 ÷ 2400 Hz [4]
2.3. PLC
We chose a PLC with transistor outputs as
switching frequency of the pumps and lights is too large
to use relays. Also do not allow the use of PWM output
relay. Since FX3G PLC has no analog inputs, it was
necessary to attach an extension module FX3U-4AD
[5].
2.4. PLC
Since pumps used for experiment are supplied
with 12V DC [6], and light circuit is supplied directly
from the mains 240V AC circuits are required
separations [8, 9 ], as presented in Fig.2
Use TO instruction to write data in a buffer
memory.
•
•
•
•
See List of Buffer Memories (BFM) [6-p75}
Use FROM instruction to read out the data from
the buffer memory.
•
•
•
•
Fig. 4 – Log PLC outputs by optocouplers at pumps and lights
Unit number- K0
Buffer memory number- K0 (Input mode
setting for channels 1 thorough 4)
Addend- K0
Number of transfer data points- K1
Unit number-K0
Buffer memory number-K10 (Channel-1 data)
Transfer-to register- D0
Number of transfer data points- K1
The value read in the register D0, is divided by the
value K3200 , the result will be made in the register D2.
Y0 output will be controlled by a PWM
instruction, with the duty cycle D2/K10. The jet of
water given to the pump P0, controlled by output Y0, is
active at all times and intensity is modulated PWM
instruction in 10 steps.
152
ACTA ELECTROTEHNICA
The following is the sequence of operation for the
other pumps .
By introducing a larger number in D5 , switching
jets will be less .
3.2. Sequential order timings
In this example, the jets will be switched to 10
seconds. This is achieved by counting the seconds
generated by M8013. C2 is found in the current value
of time 0÷10 seconds.
Every 10 seconds, switch jets and lights. In
program line 39, it is seen that the flow from the pump
1 increases and decreases the flow from the pump 0.
This sequence is repeated for the 8 pumps. The
pumps will be operated in order (P0, P1), (P1, P2) ...
(P6, P7), (P7, P0)
Input X1 is controlled by LPF 's bass rhythm . At
each new pulse will change the contents counter C1. By
comparison instructions will be operated in intensity
modulated outputs y . In this example , the water jets
are sequentially operated.
By introducing yet another counter , switching jets
can order a number of bass (2 in this example , C0 K2)
If you want to make variable number of beats ,
counter constant ( k2 C0 ) , will be replaced by a
register D5. We will use two push buttons (X2, X3) to
set the register D5.
Another option would be that the pumps are
randomly ordered. In the register D10 will generate
random numbers 16-bit. From this value, we calculate
another 3-bit value in register D11.
216/23=213= 8192
With 3 bit can generate numbers 0 through 7, we
can act 8 pumps
Volume 55, Number 3-4, 2014
The 8 jets will need to be ordered with instructions
PWM. For each random number will be actuated a jet,
which changes the intensity from zero to maximum..
3.3. The ordered jets of buttons
Next program sequence, directly controls the
pumps if the switch X10 is ON
For X10 Off, PWM output is controlled in proportion to
the duration of pressing the buttons X4÷X7.
153
Reduces the costs necessary to operate the scheme
of command because it is possible to write the
application program, its testing, simulation and making
changes in the laboratory, before being carried out
physical layout.
By purchasing a PLC there are actually acquired
simultaneously contact relays, counters, timers needed
for the control scheme can be implemented by the
program. Usually, the number is higher than actual
needs, they are already available in the program and
their order is not required.
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
If using Force Sensitive Resistor FSR, the jet will
be in proportion to the pressing force. In this case it
connects 4 sensors to analog inputs. A version of the
program could be next.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Totul despre fantanile arteziene,
http://www.incasa.ro/Totul_despre_fantanile_arteziene_3210_7
49_1.html, accesat la 21 dec.2014
Mitrsubishi programmable controller MELSEC-F. FX3G series
programmable controllers. Hardware manual. JY997D33401f.
December 2009
Edmond Nicolau – Manualul inginerului electronist, Editura
tehnică , Bucureşti,1988
http://people.ucsc.edu/~ilusztig/170b/handouts/frequency%20ha
ndout.pdf, accesat la 21 dec.2014
Mitsubishi programmable controller MELSEC-F. FX3U4AD&DA user᾽s manual. JY997D13901C. June 2005
FX3U/FX3UC Series PLC User's Manual - Analog Control
Edition, Manual numberJY997D16701,Manual revision A,
Date7/2005
12V Water Pump DC 5L/min 60W Micro Car Diaphragm High
Automatic Pressure Switch, Model D4778 ,
CNY17, Optocoupler, Phototransistor Output, with Base
Connection, Vishay Semiconductors, Rev. 2.1, 08-Jan-14
Document Number: 83606,
IL410, Optocoupler, Phototriac Output, Zero Crossing, High
dV/dt, Low Input Current, Vishay Semiconductors, Document
Number: 83627, Rev. 2.0, 29-Mar-11
MELSEC FX Family, Progrramable Logic Controller,
Beginner’ s manual, FX1S, FX1N, FX2N, FX2NC şi FX3U,
Mitsubishi Electric, Industrial Automation, 30.0.2010,
Versiunea C
FX-TRN-BEG-E, USER’S MANUAL, Manual number:
JY997D02901, Manual revision: C, Mitsubishi Electric,
Industrial Automation, Date: April 2003
MITSUBISHI, Progrramable
Controllers, MELSEC-F,
Discovering Control, An Intermediate Guide To Learning PLCs,
Manual number: JY997D22101-A, Date 01/2006
GX DEVELOPER FX, V0845-1L0C-M, Programming
Software, Article no: 208761, Date:07. 2007, Mitsubishi
Electric, Industrial Automation, Distribuitor: Sirius Trading &
Services SRL
Romul Copîndean
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of
Cluj-Napoca, 26-28, G. Bariţiu st., Cluj-Napoca, Romania
[email protected]
4.
CONCLUSIONS
By using PLC, increases the versatility of the
control schemes. In this paper, have been presented
several versions of the program. It can be loaded at a
time within the PLC. It is also possible to create
subroutine and be called up from a main program.
Radu Adrian Munteanu
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of
Cluj-Napoca, 26-28, G. Bariţiu st., Cluj-Napoca, Romania
[email protected]
Florin Drăgan
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of
Cluj-Napoca, 26-28, G. Bariţiu st., Cluj-Napoca, Romania
[email protected]