Name:________________________________________
Date:______________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
Unit 2 Organic Chemistry Vocabulary: Define the following vocabulary terms:
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Protein
Amino Acid
Chemical Reaction
Reactant
Product
Activation Energy
Catalyst
Enzyme
Substrate
1
Name:________________________________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
2.3 Carbon Compounds (pg. 45-49)
Date:______________________
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
1. What elements does carbon bond with to make up life’s molecules?
2. What properties of carbon explain carbon’s ability to form different large and complex structures?
3. How are monomers similar to links in a chain?
4. Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fats?
5. Analyzing Data: The table below compares four different fatty acids. Although they all have the same
number of carbon atoms, their properties vary.
Fatty Acid
Stearic acid
Oleic acid
Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid
Effect of Carbon bonds on melting point
# of Carbons
# of Double Bonds
18
0
18
1
18
2
18
3
Melting Point (°C)
69.6
14
-5
-11
a. Which of the four fatty acids is saturated? Which are unsaturated?
b. How does melting point change as the number of carbon-carbon double bonds increases?
c. If room temperature is 25°C, which fatty acid is a solid at room temperature? Which is liquid at
room temperature?
2
Name:________________________________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
Date:______________________
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
6. Complete the table below to describe the functions of each of the four groups of macromolecules.
MACROMOLECULE
FUNCTION
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
7. Why are proteins considered polymers but lipids are not?
8. A structural formula shows how the atoms in a compound are arranged.
a. What atoms constitute the compound above?
b. What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to?
3
Name:________________________________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes (pg. 50-53)
Date:______________________
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
1. What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions?
2. How do energy changes affect whether a chemical reaction will occur?
3. How do the energy of the reactants and products
differ between an energy-absorbing reaction
and an energy-releasing reaction?
4. Why is the melting of ice not a chemical reaction?
5. What is activation energy?
6. Describe the difference between a reaction that occurs
spontaneously and one that does not.
7. What are enzymes?
8. Explain how enzymes work, including the role of the enzyme-substrate complex.
9. A change in pH can change the shape of a protein. How might a change in pH affect the function of an
enzyme such as pepsin, the enzyme that digests proteins in the human stomach?
4
Name:________________________________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
Date:______________________
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
CARBOHYDRATES REVIEW
1. List 3 foods that contain mostly carbohydrates.
a. _______________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________________________________
2. Carbohydrates are chains of what smaller organic molecule?______________________________________
3. Draw a simple picture of this smaller building block molecule.
4. List 3 ways that living creatures use carbohydrates.
a. ________________________________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________________________________
5. Give 2 examples of carbohydrates in living organisms.
a. _______________________________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________________________
6. List the names of 3 sugars.
a. ________________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________________
7. Most sugars end in what 3 letters?
____________________________________________________________
8. Another name for a sugar is… _____________________________________________________________
9. What is meant by a monosaccharide? ________________________________________________________
10. What is meant by a disaccharide? ___________________________________________________________
11. What is meant by a polysaccharide? _________________________________________________________
12. What is the molecular formula of glucose?
______________________________________________________________________________________
5
Name:________________________________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
Date:______________________
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
13. Which carbohydrate do plants store for later energy use?
_________________________________________
14. Which carbohydrate do animals store for later energy use? _______________________________________
15. Which carbohydrate makes up the cell walls of plants? __________________________________________
a. Can we digest this carbohydrate?
YES
NO
b. If not, what function does it serve when we eat it?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
16. If you need a quick shot of energy in the next hour what should you eat? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
17. Why does an athlete eat a lot of pasta the night before a game?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
18. Why do carnivores have to eat meat?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
19. If cellulose is very hard to digest, then how are herbivores (like cows) able to get enough nutrition out of
just eating leaves and grass?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
6
Name:________________________________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
Date:______________________
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
PROTEIN REVIEW
1. List 3 foods that contain mostly proteins.
a. _________________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________________________
2. List 3 ways that living creatures use proteins.
a. _________________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________________________________________
3. Give 3 examples of proteins in living organisms.
a. _________________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________________________
4. Proteins are chains of what smaller organic molecule?___________________________________________
5. Draw a simple picture of a protein showing this chain of smaller molecules.
6. How many different amino acids are there? ___________________________________________________
7. Amino acids are divided up into 2 basic groups. What are they?
a.
________________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________________
8. What is meant by the term hydrophobic? _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9.
What is meant by the term hydrophilic? ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
Name:________________________________________
Date:______________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
10. Proteins are very large, complex molecules. They are first built by making a chain of amino acids. What
happens to the molecule next, to create the right shape for the protein to function properly?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
11. How do hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophilic amino acids cause proteins to have a specific shape?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
12. What is it called when a protein unfolds? _____________________________________________________
13. Why does unfolding a protein make it not able to do its job in a living organism?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8
Name:________________________________________
Date:______________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
LIPIDS REVIEW
1. List 3 foods that contain mostly lipids.
a. ______________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. List 3 ways that living creatures use lipids.
a. ______________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. List 3 examples of lipids in living organisms.
a. ______________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. List 2 examples of saturated fats.
a. ______________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. List the general characteristics of saturated fat.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. List 2 examples of unsaturated fat.
a. ______________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
7. List the general characteristics of unsaturated fat.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Cholesterol is considered both a good and a bad molecule to have in your body. Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9. What structure in living organisms is made of a phospholipid? _________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Draw a simple picture of the close-up view of the cell membrane showing the molecules that make it up.
9
Name:________________________________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
Date:______________________
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
NUCLEIC ACIDS
1. What are the functions of a nucleic acids in living organisms?
a. ______________________________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the building block (monomer) for a nucleic acids? ____________________________________
3. What are the 3 parts of a nucleic acid monomer?
a. _____________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. Draw a simple diagram of the nucleic acid building block.
5. Name the two examples of nucleic acids in all organisms.
a. ______________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
6. What type of bond is used to bond the nucleic acid monomers together along one chain?
STRONG or WEAK
7. What type of bond is used to bond the nucleic acid chains together across the DNA double helix?
STRONG or WEAK
8. How is this difference in bonds important to the function of DNA in living organisms?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
9. List the different kinds of nitrogen bases in all nucleic acids ___________________________________
10
Name:________________________________________
Date:______________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)
10. List the nitrogen bases in DNA. __________________________________________________________
11. List the nitrogen bases in RNA. __________________________________________________________
12. Draw a simple diagram of a nucleic acid polymer.
13. Describe the shape of the DNA molecule. ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
14. Explain why this specific structure of DNA is very important to life on Earth.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
15. Who was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the structure of DNA?
___________________________________________________________________________
16. When did they discover it? _____________________________________________________
11
Name:________________________________________
Unit 2: Chapter 2.3 and 2.4- The Chemistry of Life (Parrot)
12
Date:______________________
Guided Reading (pg. 45-59)