Olivia Bina (ICS)
Francesco La Camera (Università Roma3)
Four points
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1.
Responses to the crises by international
institutions: how are problems and solutions
framed?
‘[t]o frame is to select some aspects of a perceived reality and make them
more salient in a communicating text, in such a way as to promote a
particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and/or
treatment recommendation’ (Entam 1993: 52)
2. What concepts and values underpin the framing
and policy choices revealed in these responses?
3. What promise, what shortcomings?
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Four points
Source
Title
EC (2010)
Europe 2020 A strategy for smart, sustainable and
inclusive growth
Innovation Strategy
Declaration on Green Growth
Global Green New Deal
Greening Growth in Asia and the Pacific
Vision 2050 The New Agenda for Business
OECD (2010)
OECD (2009)
UNEP (2009)
UNESCAP (2008)
WBCSD (2010)
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Concepts and values have shifted (marginally):
• Quantity of growth must also consider quality. How?
Through:
• energy and eco-efficiency,
• low-carbon economies and
• Monetary valuation of ecosystem services
• Markets do not always work: need to be regulated by
interventions on prices, to get them right, including the
environmental costs associated with the production of goods
and services,
• Technology is crucial: Promote science associated to the
development of clean technologies and competiveness, to
decarbonise economies.
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‘The key to growing sustainability is not to produce less but to produce
differently’
•
[levels of production and consumption, and continued pursuit of growth are not
problematic]
‘The true value of many environmental goods and services is not paid
for by those who use them’
•
[need market mechanism to allocate environmental resources efficiently]
Assessment of environmental problems ‘is complicated by uncertainty
about the effect of economic activity on the environment ’
•
[need better information]
Thus, self-interest can be harnessed to protect the environment, and
some action by government may be needed where property rights or
price mechanisms cannot function.
World Bank (1992) ‘Development and the Environment’, World
Development Report.
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3 dimensions of problems & solutions
VALUES/CONCEP Economy
Society
Environment
TS
Priority/values Quantity (and quality) Quality (and quantity) Quality (and quantity)
Economy and Scarcity, allocation
Distribution
Justice
Perspective Individual perspective Global perspective
(pro capita ratio)
Justice target(s) Individual rights
Common good
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Scale, proportionality
Global perspective
Common good (all
species)
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Economics
as the ‘tutor of governments’
Robert Skidelsky (2009:170)
dictates framing in terms of
what matters (Gitlin 1980)
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Commitment to a notion of
progress as growth (& trickle down)
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Economic
rationality
LIMITS
Instrumental
rationality
Ecological
rationality
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• The world of the 21st century is a very different world (a
•
•
•
•
shrinking planet);
It is the link between the economy, the environment and
society that is at the heart of these crises;
Not economy or economics alone;
And the link is not only one of scarcity and externalities
It is one of dependency.
• Needed: a 21st century where the bioshpere – not the
economy – become the dependent variable
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“Financial &
Economic
crisis”
“Double
crisis”
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“Climate
change
opportunity
to grow”
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“solve
conflict
between
E&D”
“Address
contradiction
in what we
want”
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Perspective:
1 crisis:
Relationship
man-nature
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Quantity to quality
Growth to development
Self-interest to common good
Economic rationality to ecological rationality
Allocation to scale & distribution
a 21 st century where the bioshpere – not the
economy – become the dependent variable upon
which to build a sustainable development for all
people
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