MLID Tables with Headings-26Aug16
Table I. Sample of extant orangutans examined for MLID
Island
Borneo
Sumatra
Total
Male
16
13
29
Female
30
7
37
Sex unknown
3
1
4
Total
49
21
70
Table II. Sample of fossil hominoid lateral incisors examined for MLID
Taxon
N
Minimum
number of
individuals
Source
Date
Anapithecus hernyaki
7
5
A
MN9, 11.2 – 9.7 Ma 1
Lufengpithecus lufengensis
2
2
B
Late Miocene, 7 Ma2
Paleo-orangutan Vietnam total 11 10
C
Dieu Cave
1
undated Pleistocene
Hang Hum
1
140-80K3, end Pleistocene4
Hoa Binh
1
undated Pleistocene5
Lang Trang
7
150K6, Mid-Pleistocene7,80-60K8
Tham Om
1
250-140K3, Late Pleistocene4
Paleo-orangutan Sumatra total 56 38
D
Djamboe
5
56-85K9, 60-70K11, Early Hol12
Sibrambang
22
Pleist./Holo.9, 128-118K10,13, 80K13
Lida Ajer
19
>80K9, 11, IS. 5e7,13, Early Hol12
Unspecified
10
Total 76
Source: A. Geological Museum Budapest; B. Zoological Institute, Kunming; C. Institute
of Archaeology, Hanoi; D. Naturalis, Leiden
Dating references: 1. Begun et al. 2006 (MNI also based on this article); 2. Ho 1985; 3.
Bacon et al. 2006; 4. Harrison 2000; 5. Bacon and Long 2001; 6. Jon de Vos (pers.
comm.); 7. (Long et al. 1996); 8. Bacon et al. 2004; 9. Drawhorn 1994-Lida Ajer dates
from 18O Stage 4 >71K; 10. de Vos 1983; 11. van den Bergh et al. 1996; 12. Harrison
et al. 2006; 13. Louys 2011
Table III. Sex differences in MLID expression in recent orangutan samples
Sample
Borneo
Sex
Male
Female
Comparison
Teeth
Teeth
N
29
53
Yes/No % Yes
27/2
93.1
32/21 60.4
Male
Female
Individuals
Individuals
16
30
15/1
18/12
Teeth
Teeth
23
14
Individuals
Individuals
13
7
Sumatra Male
Female
Male
Female
Chi Square1 P
9.947
0.002
93.8
60.0
5.863
0.015
8/15
2/12
34.8
14.3
1.854
0.173
5/8
1/6
38.5
14.3
1.266
0.260
1. Fisher’s Exact Tests were run on all comparisons above (as some groups had less
than five cases) and yielded identical patterns of significance.
Table IV. Comparison of tooth size1 from extant orangutans with and without MLID.
Tooth
Measure
Central
incisor
Mesio-distal
Labio-lingual
Crown height
Volume
Mesio-distal
Labio-lingual
Crown height
Volume
Mesio-distal
Labio-lingual
Crown height
Volume
Volume
Lateral
incisor
Canine
All
With MLID
N Mean
6
0.0874
6
0.0970
5
0.4624
5
0.4288
8
-0.0938
8
0.1477
8
0.1412
8
0.1537
7
-0.0941
7
0.455
7
0.0416
7
0.1836
5
0.3398
Without MLID
N
Mean
17
-.0309
16
-0.0364
13
-0.1778
13
-1.2534
18
0.0417
18
0.0656
18
-0.0628
18
-0.0683
16
0.0411
16
-0.1993
15
-0.0194
15
-0.0857
10
-0.1699
Student’s
‘t’
0.262
0.294
1.375
1.956
-0.334
0.434
0.504
0.549
-0.314
1.610
0.141
0.626
1.054
P
0.796
0.772
0.188
0.068
0.741
0.674
0.619
0.588
0.756
0.122
0.890
0.538
0.311
Mann-Whitney
Value
-0.140
-0.295
-1.626
-1.922
-0.444
-0.444
-0.722
-0.167
-0.735
-1.604
-0.035
-0.458
-0.980
P
0.889
0.768
0.104
0.055
0.657
0.657
0.470
0.868
0.462
0.109
0.972
0.647
0.327
1. Size is expressed as z-scores (i.e., deviation of a measure from the ‘sex plus island’
mean for that measure)
Table V. Dental measures (mm) of upper lateral incisors with and without MLID in
Paleo-sumatran, Sumatran and Bornean orangutans
Measure
Paleosumatran
Mesio-distal
Labio-lingual
Crown height
Volume
Sumatran
Mesio-distal
Labio-lingual
Crown height
Volume
Bornean
Mesio-distal
Labio-lingual
Crown height
Volume
N
With MLID
Mean
SD
Without MLID
N Mean
SD
Student’s
‘t’
P
30
27
7
5
8.99
9.34
12.71
1109.07
1.01
1.10
1.52
326.20
11
11
8
3
8.96
9.20
12.38
1271.02
0.76
1.03
1.19
233.24
0.097
0.366
0.484
-0.743
0
0
0
-
-
10
10
10
10
8.27
7.87
10.30
683.17
0.96
0.54
1.54
191.01
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
8
8
8
8
8.58
8.66
11.78
890.44
0.62
0.80
1.42
227.11
8
8
8
8
8.40
8.31
11.07
775.02
0.78
0.44
1.67
162.44
0.518
1.118
0.928
1.169
0.923
0.717
0.637
0.486
0.613
0.283
0.369
0.262
Table VI. Frequency of MLID in fossil and recent hominoid upper lateral incisors
Sample
L. lufengensis
Side
Left
Right
Combined
N
2
2
Yes/No
1/1
1/1
Affected (%)
50.0
50.0
Left
Right
Combined
4
3
7
4/0
3/0
7/0
100
100
100
Left
Right
Combined
24
32
56
16/8
21/11
37/19
66.0
65.6
66.1
Left
Right
Combined
8
3
11
3/5
3/0
6/5
37.5
100
54.5
Left
Right
Combined
32
35
67
19/13
24/11
43/24
59.4
68.6
64.2
Recent Borneo
Left
Right
Combined
47
40
87
31/16
30/10
61/26
66.0
75.0
70.1
Recent Sumatra
Left
Right
Combined
18
20
38
5/13
5/15
10/28
27.8
25.0
26.3
Left
Right
Combined
65
60
125
36/29
35/25
71/54
55.3
58.3
56.8
A. hernyaki
Paleo-orangutan
Sumatra
Vietnam
All paleo
All recent
Table VII. Distribution of MLID between recent orangutans from Borneo and
Sumatra
Comparison
Teeth
Individual
Sample
Borneo
Sumatra
N
87
38
Yes/No % Yes
61/26 70.1
10/28 26.3
Borneo
Sumatra
49
21
35/14
6/15
71.4
28.6
Chi Square
P
20.68
<0.001
11.13
<0.001