Unit 3 Review (development psychology)
Module 45: developmental issues, prenatal development and the newborn
 Prenatal stages of development
o Zygote, embryo, fetus
 Teratogens
 Newborn’s reflexes
o Grasp reflex, rooting reflex, moro reflex, step reflex, etc
Module 46: infancy and childhood: physical development
 Define and explain the mechanism of maturation
 Provide example of maturation in milestones of motor and physical
development
Module 47: Infancy and childhood: Cognitive Development
 Piaget’s cognitive stages
o Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operation and formal
operational
o Be able to provide examples of all 4 stages
o The understanding of conservation: volume, length and area
o Schema, accommodation and assimilation
 Object permanence
 Egocentrism
 Theory of mind
 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
 How does Lev Vygotsky’s views on the cognitive development of children
differ from Jean Piaget’s
Module 48: Infancy and childhood: Social development
 What did Margaret Harlow and Harry Harlow research? (attachment theory)
o What did they find out?
o What were some ethical issues with their experiment?
o How did Konrad Lorenz add to the explanation of how attachment
bonds are formed in children.
 Critical period, imprinting
 Mary Ainsworth’s work (types of attachments)
o Secure attachment, avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment
o How do these types of attachment affect later personality traits?
 Types of parenting
o Authoritarian parents
o Permissive parents
o Authoritative parents
o How does different parenting styles contribute to later personality
traits?
Module 49: Gender development
 Difference between biological sex and gender
 How is gender identify different from sexual orientation?
 Social learning theory
 How does the terms gender roles, gender typing, gender schema and gender
identity relate and differ from one another?
Module 50: parents, peers and early experiences
 Parents have the greatest influence in what parts of their children’s lives?
 Peers have the greatest influence in what parts of their friends’ lives?
Module 51: Adolescence: physical and cognitive development
 Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
o Pre-conventional, convertional and post-conventional
o Able to give and identify examples for each stage
 How was Kohlberg influences by the work of Jean Piaget
Module 52: Adolescence: Social development and emerging adulthood
 Erikson’s stages of social development
o Trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame, initiative vs inferiority,
identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs
stagnation, integrity vs despair.
o The positive and negative results of each issue
o Able to give and identify examples
Module 53: sexual development
 How does the father determine the sex of the baby?
 Primary and secondary sex characteristics for males and females
 What are some STDs and their prognosis?
 Four environmental factors that contribute to teen pregnancy
 Four factors that seem to predict sexual restraint in teens
 Different types of sexual orientation
 What was Simon Leway’s work about?
 Two prenatal influences on sexual orientation?
Module 54: Adulthood: physical, cognitive and social development
 Physical changes in men and women in middle adulthood and late adulthood
 What is cross-sectional and longitudinal studies shown regarding cognitive
abilities in older adults
 What is social clock and how does culture affect it?
 How does Erikson’s final stage of 85 factor into the last years of life?