KINGDOM PROTISTA
Kingdom
Protista
* all eukaryotes
* mostly unicellular
Protozoans
“animal-like”
Algae
“plant-like”
Fungus-like
Protists
PROTOZOANS
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“proto” = first “soion” = animal
Unicellular organisms called protozoans
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likely the precursor to the first animals to evolve
Similar to animals
Heterotrophic
 Movement
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Different than animals
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Unicellular vs. multicelluar
4 Types of Protozoans
Classified by how they move
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Sarcodians: move by cytoplasm
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Zooflagellates: move by flagella
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Ciliaphorans: move by cilia
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Sporozoans: do not move, are parasitic
Sarcodians
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Move by cytoplasm
e.g. Ameba
Youtube:
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Ameba Feeds
http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=W6rnhiMxtK
U
Zooflagellates
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Move by flagella
e.g. Trypanosoma
African sleeping sickness
Ciliaphoranes
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Move by cilia
e.g. Parmecium
Youtube:
http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=fmwN_mD
7TvY
Sporozoans
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
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e.g. Plasmodium
Do not move (are parasites)
Malaria
Protozoan Summary
Name
Locomotion
Sarcodian
Examples
Move by extending
cytoplasm
Zooflagellates Move by flagella
Ameba
Ciliaphorans
Move by cilia
Parmecium
Sporozoans
Do not move, are
parasitic
Plasmodium
Trypanosoma
Where do protozoans live?
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Grow and reproduce only in wet environments!!
Importance of Protozoans
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Food source for many organisms
Part of phytoplankton: tiny organisms that
float near the surface of oceans and lakes
Control bacteria populations
Act as scavengers
Parasites
Algae
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Similar to plants because:
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Perform photosynthesis
Contain chlorophyll
Many have celluose in cell
walls
Different than plants:

All plants are multicellular
while many algae are
unicellular
Algae
“plant-like”
protists
Unicellular
Algae
Multicellular
Algae
Brown Algae
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms
Euglenoids
Green Algae
Red Algae
Unicellular Algae

Dinoflagellates:
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Covered with cellulose plates
Have two flagella that spin the cell through the water
Unicellular Algae
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Diatoms:
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Covered with glass (silica)
shell
No structures for
movement
Most abundant organisms
in the ocean
Deposits in earth used for
detergents, insulation, and
polishing agents in
toothpaste
Unicellular Algae

Euglenoids
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No rigid cell wall
(more “animal-like” in this
way)

Two flagella for movement

Have chloroplasts and
perform photosynthesis
(more “plant-like” in this
way)
Multicellular Algae
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Green Algae:
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Grow in ponds, moist soil, and
saltwater conditions
Usually green and multicellular
E.g. Volvox, Ulva
“sea lettuce”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqEHbJbu
MYA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-V7LTyJuAy
4&feature=related
Multicellular Algae

Red Algae:
Grow in warm saltwater conditions
 Not always red – can be green, orange, or black
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Multicellular Algae
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Brown Algae
Live in cool saltwater
habitats
 Brown in color
 E.g. Giant kelps
 http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=u-6mYjgZ_5g
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Importance of Algae
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Important part of plankton
Called “phytoplankton” because perform
photosynthesis
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Phytoplankton produces much of oxygen in Earth’s
atmosphere
Food source for various organisms
Provide habitats for many organisms
Importance of Algae
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Eutrophication:
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Addition of nutrients causes
rapid algal growth
Algae sink to bottom and die
Most of water’s oxygen is
them consumed in breaking
down algae and reduce
availability for aquatic species
Red Algae
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“nori” used for sushi
Fungus-like Protists
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Most are decomposers
Protists rather than fungi because of chemical and
structural differences
Two main groups:
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Slime Molds
Water Molds
Slime Molds
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http://thinkorthwim.co
m/2007/05/01/slimemold-the-plant-that-cansolve-a-maze/
Youtube:
Water Molds
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Habitat:
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freshwater on decaying plants and animals
Some parasitic
E.g. Phytophthora (late blight of potatoes)
Ameba
Paramecium
Euglena
Diatoms