RTCM Paper 245-2011-SC101-270
CDV - 10150.0
CDV DEC 2011
RTCM STANDARD 10150.0
VHF-FM PORTABLE MARINE
RADIOTELEPHONE EQUIPMENT WITH
DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING (DSC) AND
GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM
(GNSS) LOCATION FUNCTIONS
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CONTENTS
1
Scope ............................................................................................................................... 1
2
Normative references ....................................................................................................... 1
3
Terms, definitions and abbreviations ................................................................................ 2
4
3.1 Definitions ............................................................................................................... 2
3.2 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 5
General and operational requirements .............................................................................. 6
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
5
General ................................................................................................................... 6
Classes of Radio ..................................................................................................... 6
Composition ............................................................................................................ 6
Construction ............................................................................................................ 6
Operating Frequencies ............................................................................................ 7
Controls and indicators ............................................................................................ 7
DSC Calls................................................................................................................ 7
4.7.1 Call functions ............................................................................................... 7
4.7.2 Distress calls ............................................................................................... 8
4.7.3 Repeating Distress Calls ............................................................................. 8
4.7.4 Incoming calls.............................................................................................. 8
4.7.5 Transmissions ............................................................................................. 9
4.8 Watchkeeping Facilities ........................................................................................... 9
4.8.1 Dual Watch .................................................................................................. 9
4.8.2 Scanning (Multiple Watch) provisions ........................................................ 10
4.9 Display .................................................................................................................. 10
4.10 Microphone and loudspeaker ................................................................................. 10
4.11 Safety precautions ................................................................................................. 10
4.12 Battery .................................................................................................................. 11
4.12.1 Primary Batteries ....................................................................................... 11
4.12.2 Secondary (Rechargeable) Batteries ......................................................... 11
4.13 Labeling ................................................................................................................ 12
4.14 Warm up ................................................................................................................ 12
4.15 Internal Memory .................................................................................................... 13
Technical requirements .................................................................................................. 13
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Switching time ....................................................................................................... 13
Class of emission and modulation characteristics .................................................. 13
Facilities for DSC transmission and reception ........................................................ 13
5.3.1 General ..................................................................................................... 13
5.3.2 Decoding ................................................................................................... 13
5.3.3 Automatic re-transmission of distress calls ................................................ 13
Ships identity – MMSI and Group MMSI................................................................. 14
Position information ............................................................................................... 14
5.5.1 GNSS Antenna Location ............................................................................ 14
5.5.2 Internal navigation device performance...................................................... 14
5.5.3 Internal navigation device timing ................................................................ 15
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General conditions of measurement ................................................................................ 15
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
7
Power Supply ........................................................................................................ 15
Warm-up Period .................................................................................................... 15
Instructions............................................................................................................ 15
Additional Facilities / Supplemental Devices .......................................................... 15
Audible and Visual Indications ............................................................................... 15
Preparation of VHF Radio for type-approval testing ............................................... 15
Measurements and Observations........................................................................... 16
Test Conditions ..................................................................................................... 16
6.8.1 Normal test conditions ............................................................................... 16
6.8.2 Extreme test conditions ............................................................................. 16
6.8.3 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver input ........................ 16
6.8.4 Squelch ..................................................................................................... 16
6.8.5 Normal test modulation .............................................................................. 16
6.9 Arrangements for test signals applied to the transmitter input ................................ 17
6.10 Test channels ........................................................................................................ 17
6.11 Equipment Class ................................................................................................... 17
6.12 Performance Check ............................................................................................... 17
6.13 Performance Test .................................................................................................. 17
6.14 Pre-conditioning and Post Examination for Environmental Tests ............................ 17
6.15 Test Requirements ................................................................................................ 17
6.16 Sequence of Tests................................................................................................. 20
6.16.1 Environmental Tests .................................................................................. 20
6.16.2 Electrical Performance Tests ..................................................................... 21
Environmental tests ........................................................................................................ 22
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
Dry Heat Test ........................................................................................................ 22
Damp Heat Test .................................................................................................... 22
Low Temperature Test ........................................................................................... 22
Vibration Test ........................................................................................................ 22
Bump Test (only applies to Class 3 Radios) ........................................................... 22
Drop Test .............................................................................................................. 23
Thermal Shock (only applies to Class 3 Radios) .................................................... 23
Immersion Test ...................................................................................................... 23
EMC Tests ............................................................................................................ 23
Operational Life Test ............................................................................................. 24
7.10.1 Test Method .............................................................................................. 24
Buoyancy Test (only applies to Class 2 and Class 3 Radios) ................................. 24
Corrosion Test (only applies to Class 3 Radios) .................................................... 25
Solar Radiation Test (only applies to Class 3 Radios) ............................................ 25
Oil Resistance Test (only applies to Class 3 Radios) ............................................. 25
Compass Safe Distance Test ................................................................................. 25
Miscellaneous Tests .............................................................................................. 25
7.16.1 Controls and Indicators .............................................................................. 25
7.16.2 Battery ....................................................................................................... 26
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7.16.3 General Construction ................................................................................. 26
7.16.4 Exterior Finish ........................................................................................... 26
7.16.5 Labeling .................................................................................................... 26
7.16.6 Documentation .......................................................................................... 26
Transmitter Tests ........................................................................................................... 26
9
8.1 Frequency error ..................................................................................................... 26
8.2 Carrier power ........................................................................................................ 26
8.3 Frequency deviation .............................................................................................. 27
8.4 Sensitivity of the modulator, including microphone ................................................ 27
8.5 Audio frequency response ..................................................................................... 27
8.6 Audio frequency harmonic distortion of the emission ............................................. 27
8.7 Adjacent channel power ........................................................................................ 27
8.8 Transient frequency behavior of the transmitter ..................................................... 27
8.9 RF Exposure Limit ................................................................................................. 27
8.10 Modulation Limiting ............................................................................................... 27
8.11 Emission Limitation / Emission Mask ..................................................................... 27
8.12 Emission Limits – Spurious Emissions at Antenna Terminal ................................... 27
8.13 Emission Limits – Field Strength of Spurious Emissions ........................................ 28
8.14 Residual modulation of the transmitter ....................................................................... 28
Receiver Tests ............................................................................................................... 28
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
Harmonic distortion and rated audio frequency output power ................................. 28
Audio frequency response ..................................................................................... 28
Maximum usable sensitivity ................................................................................... 28
Co-channel rejection ............................................................................................. 28
Adjacent channel selectivity .................................................................................. 28
Spurious response rejection .................................................................................. 28
Intermodulation response ...................................................................................... 28
Blocking or desensitization .................................................................................... 29
Spurious emissions ............................................................................................... 29
Receiver noise and hum level ................................................................................ 29
Squelch operation ................................................................................................. 29
Squelch hysteresis ................................................................................................ 29
Multiple Watch ....................................................................................................... 29
FCC Part 15, Subpart B – Radio Receivers and Class B Digital Devices – Suppression
of Interference ......................................................................................................... 29
9.15 High EMC Environment Intermodulation Blocking Test (Optional) .................................. 29
10 DSC Transmitter Tests ................................................................................................... 29
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
11 DSC
Frequency error ..................................................................................................... 29
Modulation index ................................................................................................... 29
Modulation rate ..................................................................................................... 30
Testing of generated call sequences ..................................................................... 30
Receiver Tests ....................................................................................................... 30
11.1 Dynamic range ...................................................................................................... 30
11.2 Verification of correct decoding of various types of digital selective calls ............... 30
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11.3 Tests for Radios with a Second DSC Receiver ...................................................... 30
11.3.1 Maximum usable sensitivity (see 11.3.1) .................................................... 30
11.3.2 Co-channel rejection (see 11.3.2) .............................................................. 30
11.3.3 Adjacent channel selectivity (see 11.3.3) ................................................... 31
11.3.4 Spurious response and blocking immunit y (see 11.3.4) .............................. 31
11.3.5 Intermodulation response (see 11.3.5) ....................................................... 31
11.3.6 Spurious emissions (see 11.3.6) ................................................................ 31
11.3.7 Reaction to VTS and AIS channel management DSC transmissions (see
11.3.7) ....................................................................................................... 31
11.3.8 Simultaneous reception (see 11.3.8) .......................................................... 31
12 Documentation ............................................................................................................... 31
12.1 User Documentation .............................................................................................. 31
12.2 Consumer Packaging ............................................................................................ 32
Annex A (normative) Types of DSC Calls ............................................................................. 33
A.1 DSC Calls.............................................................................................................. 33
Annex B (informative) Intellectual Property .......................................................................... 37
B.1
B.2
B.3
Policy .................................................................................................................... 37
Essential patented technologies ............................................................................ 37
Non-essential patented technologies ..................................................................... 37
RTCM Paper 245-2011-SC101-270
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RADIO TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR MARITIME SERVICES
VHF-FM portable marine radiotelephone equipment with Digital Selective
Calling (DSC) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) location
functions
1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum functional and technical requirements for VHF-FM portable
marine radiotelephones, equipped with Digital Selective Calling (DSC), and Global Navigation
Satellite System (GNSS) functions. These radios are intended to be used on small vessels which
may not be equipped with a fixed radio installation. Their purpose is to provide basic distress and
routine calling functions with a simple user interface to make them easy to use by persons who
are not completely familiar with DSC radio operation.
Since the envisioned user of these radios may not have access to accurate position and
navigation information, the radio is equipped with a GNSS processor which is intended t o encode
a distress call with location information.
Since users may not be familiar with DSC functionality, manufacturers that add additional
functions not required under this standard, should strive to maintain a simple user-friendly
interface. Class 1 and Class 2 radios must as a minimum include those DSC functions permitted
for handheld Class D in ITU-R M.493 and may include additional DSC functions, these must
comply with ITU-R M.493 1. Class 3 radios shall only include those DSC functions permitted for
handheld Class D in ITU-R M.493 1 .
VHF Radios that meet this standard are divided into three classes:
Class 1
A General Purpose radio designed for use on smaller vessels, but where it is
unlikely that the radio will be dropped overboard, this radio will not float without additional
buoyancy aids.
Class 2
A General Purpose radio designed for use on small vessels, where it is possible
that the radio may be dropped overboard, this radio shall float without any additional buoyancy
aids.
Class 3
A radio intended to comply with IMO SOLAS requirements that could potentially be
used in a Survival Craft in an emergency that may in due course become a part of the GMDSS ,
this radio shall float without any additional buoyancy aids.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document to the
extent specified herein. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ETSI EN 302 885-1 V1.2.1 (2011-11) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Portable Very High Frequency (VHF) radiotelephone equipment for the maritime mobile service operating
in the VHF bands with integrated handheld class D DSC; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of
measurement
———————
1 Currently there are some known errors in ITU-R M.493-13 which remain to be corrected, in the case of any conflict
between ITU-R M.493-13 and this standard the table in Annex A defining DSC call type s shall take precedence.
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ETSI EN 300 338-5 V1.1.1 (2011-02) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for equipment for generation, transmission and
reception of Digital Selective Calling (DSC) in the maritime MF, MF/HF and/or VHF mobile service; Part 5:
Handheld VHF Class D DSC
IEC 60945 - Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and systems general
requirements - methods of testing and required test results (2002-08)
ITU Radio Regulations, Appendix S18: 1998, Table of transmitting frequencies in the band 156 - 174 MHz
for stations in the maritime mobile service
ITU-R Recommendation SM.332-4: 1978, Selectivity of Receivers
ITU-R M.493-13: 2009, Digital selective-calling system for use in the maritime mobile service
ITU-R Recommendation M.821-1: 1997, Optional expansion of the digital selective-calling system for use
in the maritime mobile service
ITU-R Recommendation M.1084-4: 2001, Interim solutions for improved efficiency in the use of the band
156 -174 MHz by stations in the maritime mobile service
ITU-T Recommendation E.161: Arrangement of digits, letters and symbols on telephones and other
devices that can be used for gaining access to a telephone network
ITU-T Recommendation O.41: 1994, Psophometer for use on telephone-type circuits
ITU-T Recommendation V.11: 1996, Electrical characteristics for balanced double-current interchange
circuits operating at data signalling rates up to 10 Mbit/s
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1
Definitions
Acknowledged
Automated procedure it indicates that the objective of the initial DSC message has been achieved
Active
Automated procedure which has control of the receiver and transmitter and is thus able to engage
in subsequent communications and receive DSC messages
automated procedure
Set of actions necessary to complete the objective of an initiating DSC message or non DSC
communication event
NOTE 1: Four DSC automated procedures are designed to process these. They are the
receiving of distress DSC messages, the receiving of non distress DSC messages, the
sending of distress DSC alert attempts and the sending of non distress DSC messages. In
addition a fifth procedure is designed to handle non DSC communication events.
NOTE





2: These automated procedures are called:
Received distress automated procedure.
Sending distress automated procedure.
Received non-distress automated procedure.
Sending non-distress automated procedure.
Communications automated procedure.
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Calendar Hours
Refers to real world elapsed time, not to radio op erating hours which can depend on when the
radio is turned on and off
class D
Intended to provide minimum facilities for VHF DSC distress, urgency and safety as well as
routine calling and reception, not necessarily in full accordance with IMO GMDSS carriage
requirements for VHF installations
NOTE: For handheld VHF a reduced functionality is permitted compared to a fixed VHF
class D.
critical errors
Set of information characters obtained from one or more received DSC messages is considered
to have critical errors if the automated procedure needs information characters from that set in
order to proceed or perform any task, but the required information characters are in error
EXAMPLE: An acknowledgement cannot be composed to an individual DSC message that
has errors in the sender's MMSI.
Default
Value selected or an action taken by the equipment software in the absence of any operator input
distress alert
Name given to the single distress DSC message with the format symbol 112
distress alert attempt
Set of distress alerts sent by a vessel when in distress
NOTE: A distress alert DSC message by itself is never intentionally sent by a vessel in
distress. For example, the single frequency distress alert attempt consists of five
consecutive distress alerts with no break in between each distress alert.
distress DSC message
DSC message or acknowledgement containing the distress information
distress event
Unique distress situation identified by two parameters of the distress information; the MMSI of the
vessel in distress and the nature of distress
distress information
Symbols within a DSC message describing a distress situation consisting of the MMSI of the
vessel in distress, the nature of distress, the position of the vessel in distress, the UTC time of
that position and the mode of subsequent communication
Engaged
Used to indicate that the equipment is busy handling an automated procedure
factory default
Default value that is set by the manufacturer such that the field or behaviour is defined prior to
any operator intervention
information characters
Set of symbols in a DSC message that contains the items of interest for the recipient and is used
to compute the ECC symbol that terminates the message
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NOTE: These symbols are repeated in the DX/RX time d iversity pattern.
initial DSC message
DSC message that starts an automated procedure
Integral
The term “integral” where used in this standard indicates that the feature or function is a
permanent part of the equipment and cannot be removed or disconnecte d from it without the use
of tools.
non distress DSC message
DSC messages or acknowledgements that do not have the format specifier or category of
"distress"
Objective
When in reference to a DSC message or automated procedure, the goal or intent of the item
NOTE: Usually this goal or intent is to establish subsequent communications or request
information.
operator options
Any choices the operator can make while the automated procedure is engaged
pertinent to the automated procedure
Expression used primarily with reference to DSC messages to indicate that the message has
something to do with the procedure and is therefore 'handled' by the procedure
NOTE: A DSC message is pertinent to an automated procedure if the set of information
characters in the DSC message has the correct values.
pertinent to the station
Any DSC message that would start an automated procedure if the transceiver were in standby
Primary Battery
Any type of battery that cannot be recharged and thus once it has been depleted must be
replaced with a new battery
Secondary Battery
Any type of battery that can be recharged to recover lost capacity
self-terminating alarm
Short alarm that stops by itself without operator intervention
NOTE: The purpose of this alarm is to inform the op erator that a DSC message is
received but it does not require his immediate attention.
shall/should
The term “shall” (or “must”) is used to describe attributes which are considered mandatory by
RTCM in order to meet the standard. The term "should” is reserved for recommended provisions.
There is no intent to prevent a law, regulation, contract, or other document referencing this
standard from amending the provisions herein for the purposes of that instrument.
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NOTE: The documentation provided with eq uipment which is claimed to meet this standard but which has been
exempted from any mandatory feature, must explain the deviation from this standard.
Standby
Equipment is not handling an automated procedure, either active or on hold, but is able to receiv e
DSC messages
symbol (as part of the DSC sentence)
7 binary bits of a 10 bit DSC word that have the information content
top level
Means that items, buttons, or functions are present and visible without requiring any action by the
operator (such as scrolling, opening up menus, or removing any obscuring covers, etc.)
two-tone alarm
Alarm consisting of a repetition of the 2 200 Hz frequency for 250 ms followed by a 1 300 Hz
frequency for 250 ms
NOTE: This alarm is used for the initiation of the recei ved distress DSC automated
procedure. The characteristics of this alarm are fixed.
urgency alarm
Alarm consisting of a repetition of the 2 200 Hz frequency for 250 ms followed by 250 ms period
of silence
NOTE: This alarm is used for the initiation of the received non distress DSC automated
procedure when the category of the initiating DSC message is "urgency". The
characteristics of this alarm are fixed.
word (as part of the DSC sentence)
Used to describe the 10 binary bits that make up the coded entiti es of a transmitted DSC
message
NOTE: The 10 bits consist of a 7 bit "symbol" that gives the information content and 3 bit
error check that gives the number of 0 binary bits in the 7 bit symbol.
3.2
Abbreviations
DSC
Digital Selective Calling
EMC
Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EUT
Equipment Under Test
FM
Frequency Modulation
GMDSS
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
IMO
International Maritime Organisation
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
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MHz
Megahertz
PEP
Peak Envelope Power
PERP Peak Effective Radiated Power
PLL
Phase Locked Loop
RF
Radio Frequency
RMS
Root Mean Squared
RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services
SOLAS
Safety Of Life At Sea
TTFF
Time To First Fix
VHF
Very High Frequency
4 General and operational requirements
4.1 General
The manufacturer shall declare that compliance to the requirements of clause 4 is achieved and
shall provide relevant documentation if requested.
4.2 Classes of Radio
Three classes of radio are permitted as defined below:
Class 1 – General Purpose not required to float
Class 2 – General Purpose required to float
Class 3 – Full SOLAS GMDSS Compliance and required to float
4.3 Composition
The equipment shall, as a minimum include a handset which includes
–
a VHF radiotelephone transmitter;
–
a VHF radiotelephone receiver;
–
a DSC encoder;
–
a DSC decoder; and
–
an integral GNSS Receiver.
–
In addition Class 3 radios shall include the capability to continuously monitor channel 70
for incoming DSC calls while also receiving calls on other channels
4.4 Construction
The mechanical and electrical construction and finish of the equipment shall conform in all
respects to good engineering practice, and the equipment shall be suitable for hand-held use on
board vessels.
All controls shall be of sufficient size to enable the usual control functions to be easily performed
and the number of controls should be the minimum necessary for simple and satisfactory
operation.
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Adequately detailed operating instructions shall be provided with the equipment.
Class 3 radios and their primary batteries shall be predominantly highly visible yellow or orange
in color.
Class 3 secondary batteries shall be a different color to class 3 primary batteries.
Class 1 and 2 radios and their primary or secondary batteries shall predominantly be any color
other than yellow or orange.
It shall not be possible to charge the primary battery in the radios battery charger either on its
own or when fitted to a radio.
4.5 Operating Frequencies
The equipment shall be capable of operating on single frequency and two -frequency channels
with manual control (simplex and semi-duplex).
As a minimum, Class 1 and Class 2 radios shall be able to operate on all the international VHF
channels defined in appendix S18 to the Radio Regulations. Additional VHF channels outside
those defined by appendix S18 to the Radio Regulations may also be provided, but means shall
be provided to block any of these additional channels, as may be required by appropriate
Administrations 2 . Any additional VHF channels shall be clearly identified for use as relating to
the relevant administrations.
Class 3 radios shall be capable of operation on the frequency 156.800 MHz 3 (VHF channel 16)
and 156.525 MHz (VHF Channel 70) and on at least one additional channel as defined in
Appendix S18 to the Radio Regulations. In addition Class 3 radios may operate on other
international single- frequency (simplex) voice communication only channels as defined in the
Radio Regulations.
It shall not be possible for the user to unblock any blocked channels. (See also ITU -R
Recommendation M.1084-4.) Channels other than those at 25 kHz channel spacing are not
required.
The equipment shall be so designed that use of channel 70 for purposes other than DSC is
prevented and that the use of Channels AIS1 and AIS2 for purposes other than AIS is prevented .
It shall not be possible to transmit while any frequency synthesizer used within the transmitter is
out of lock.
Scan or multiple watch functions may be provided but means shall be provided to block or
unblock these functions if incorporated.
It shall not be possible to transmit during channel switching operations.
4.6 Controls and indicators
Controls and Indicators shall be as defined in ETSI EN 302 885-1 Clause 4.2.
In addition the radio shall provide an indication of the remaining battery capacity in a simple easy
to understand form (e.g. a bar graph, graphic or percentage figure).
4.7 DSC Calls
4.7.1 Call functions
Call functions shall be as defined in ETSI EN 300 338-5 Clause 5.2
———————
2 In the USA authorized VHF frequencies are listed in 47CFR 80.383(f).
3 On the Class 3 radio Channel 16 shall be the default start up channel on the radio.
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4.7.2 Distress calls
It shall be possible to transmit distress DSC calls by means of a single dedicated button which is
used for no other purpose. This button shall not be any key of ITU-T Recommendation E.161
digital input panel. This button shall be red in color and marked “DISTRESS”. Where a nontransparent protective lid or cover is used, it shall also be marked “DISTRESS”. The cover shall
be protected against inadvertent operation with a spring loaded lid or cover permanently attached
to the equipment by, for example hinges. It shall not be necessary for the user to remove seals
or to break the lid or cover in order to operate the distress button.
The operation of the distress button shall generate a unique visible and audible indication. The
distress button shall be kept pressed for at least 3 s in order to initiate a distress call. A flashing
light and an intermittent acoustic signal shall start immediately. After the 3 s, the transmission of
the distress alert is initiated and the indication shall become steady.
The distress alert initiation shall require at least two independent actions. Lifting the protective
lid or cover is considered as the first action. Pressing the distress button is considered as the
second independent action.
The nature of distress shall be the undesignated distress.
Initiation of a distress call shall automatically have priority over any other operation of the
equipment. The equipment shall automatically select channel 70 and the maximum transmitter
power.
The distress call shall automatically be transmitted five times in succession with no intervals
between the individual calls so that bit synchronization between the transmitter and receiver of
the call can be maintained. Each call shall include the appropriate dot pattern. If position is not
available from the internal GNSS Receiver then the distress call shall still be transmitted, but with
default position.
Following the distress call sequence, a DSC expansion message giving enhanced position
resolution according to ITU-R Recommendation M.821-1 shall be transmitted.
If position is not available from the internal GNSS Receiver then the DSC expansion message
shall still be transmitted, but with default position. The radio shall automatically monitor the
status of the internal GNSS Receiver output for a period of at lea st 5 minutes after the
transmission of a distress call. If during this time a position or updated position is provided by the
GNSS Receiver then the radio shall automatically repeat the distress call sequence followed by
another DSC expansion message giving the position (updated position). If while the radio is
making a distress call or waiting for a distress acknowledgement another call is initiated, then
after this call is made, the radio shall automatically return to the original distress call procedure
and continue from where it left off.
4.7.3 Repeating Distress Calls
Where no distress acknowledgement is received, the equipment shall automatically re -transmit
the distress call attempt after a random delay of between 3 .5 and 4.5 minutes from the beginning
of the previous call. The radio shall update the GNSS position to be transmitted in the message
before each repeated call attempt.
This sequence shall be continued until a distress acknowledgement has been received, or until
the automatic transmission of the distress call is discontinued manually or the power source is
exhausted.
4.7.4 Incoming calls
The DSC equipment shall be provided with suitable facilities for converting incoming calls with
relevant address content to visual form in plain language.
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Radios shall handle incoming calls as follows:
Class 1 and Class 2 radios not capable of continuously receiving DSC calls while also receiving
other calls shall as a minimum:
 Receive all DSC distress calls on Channel 70
 Monitor at least Channels 16 and 70, for as long as it takes to detect a signal
 May enter a power saving mode to conserve battery capacity at other times
Class 1 and Class 2 radios capable of continuously receiving DSC calls while also receiving other
calls shall as a minimum:

Meet the above scheme, alternatively manufacturers can optionally implement the Class 3
scheme below
Class 3 radios shall be capable of continuously receiving DSC calls while also receiving other
calls and shall as a minimum:



Receive all DSC calls on Ch 70
Monitor at least Channel 16, for as long as it takes to detect a signal
May enter a power saving mode to conserve battery capacity at other times
Once a signal (call) has been detected radios shall operate as follows:

If a call is received on Channel 70 then any current processes (e.g. scanning, dual watch)
which might impede reception of the call shall cease until the message has been received
and acted upon, whereupon these processes may resume.

Class 1 and Class 2 radios not capable of continuously receiving D SC calls while also
receiving other calls shall, while receiving a call on a voice channel, continue to monitor
Channel 70 for DSC Distress calls at least once every 2 seconds, even if this necessitates
briefly interrupting reception of the voice call.

Class 1 and Class 2 radios capable of continuously receiving DSC calls while also
receiving other calls and Class 3 radios shall, while receiving a call on a voice channel,
continue to monitor Channel 70 for all DSC calls.
Reception of DSC calls shall take precedence over the reception of voice calls.
4.7.5 Transmissions
Transmission shall always take precedence over receiver functions and DSC transmission shall
take precedence over voice transmissions, however if a DSC call is being received then
transmission shall be delayed until after the received call sequence is completed .
Radios are not required to receive incoming calls while transmitting (making outgoing calls). No
radio is required to have more than one antenna for the combined reception and transmis sion of
all calls.
Manufacturers may optionally exceed the requirements i n section 4.7 if so desired.
4.8 Watchkeeping Facilities
4.8.1 Dual Watch
Dual watch facilities may be provided as long as they do not detract from the incoming call
requirements.
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4.8.2 Scanning (Multiple Watch) provisions
In addition to dual watch the equipment may include facilities for Scanning or Tri (or Multiple)
Watch. If included such facilities shall as a minimum comply with the following:
–
these requirements may be provided as long as they do not detract from the incoming call
requirements
-
Facilities for the automatic sequential change of any additional channels may be provided;
–
Provision shall be included to switch the scanning facility on and off by means of a manually
operated control. In addition, it shall be ensured that the receiver remains on the same
channel as the transmitter for the entir e duration of any communication;
–
If selection of the priority channel is not provided, the priority channel shall be channel 16;
–
when the scanning facility is in operation, the channel numbers of the channels on which the
equipment is operating shall be indicated;
–
a transceiver shall be provided with a single manual control (e.g. push -button) in order to
switch the equipment quickly for operation on the priority channel (16);
4.9 Display
The radio display shall be as defined in ETSI EN 300 338 -5 Clause 4.1.
In addition all radios shall be provided with facilities to display the current geographic position as
determined by the GNSS processor. The display must be capable of displaying; a complete enhanced
position according to ITU-R M.821, the radios own MMSI and received MMSIs and UTC time, by simple
operator actions.
4.10 Microphone and loudspeaker
The equipment shall include integral microphone and loudspeaker functions. Where there are
connections to external loudspeakers, these shall also relay acoustic alarms.
During
transmission in simplex operation the receiver output shall be muted.
4.11 Safety precautions
Measures shall be taken to protect the equipment against the effects of excessive current or
excessive voltage.
Measures shall be taken to prevent any damage that might a rise from an accidental reversal of
polarity of the electrical power source.
The radio shall not be hazardous to personnel handling it, operating it, or performing
manufacturer approved servicing of it nor shall it release toxic or corrosive products outs ide the
radio case during or subsequent to storage at temperatures between -30C and +70C and:
a) During a full or partial discharge at any rate up to and including an external short circuit.
b) During a charge or forced discharge of a cell or cells by another cell or cells within the
battery.
c) After a full or partial discharge.
All radio batteries shall include measures to protect the batteries from reversal of polarity,
shorting, and the effects of self-heating, cell-to-cell charging, and forced discharging.
No damage to the equipment shall occur when the antenna terminals are placed on open circuit
or short circuit while transmitting for a period of at least 5 minutes in each case .
In order to provide protection against damage due to the build up of static volt ages at the antenna
terminals, there shall be a d.c. path from the antenna terminals to chassis not exceeding 100 k .
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Information inherent to the correct operation of the radio, the vessel's identity, information
inherent to the DSC process and information related to the latest GNSS position shall be stored
in non-volatile memory devices. Any information stored in volatile memory devices shall be
protected from interruptions in the power supply source for a period of up to 60 seconds .
4.12 Battery
The battery shall be integrated in the equipment. In addition provision may be made to operate
the equipment using an external power source.
The battery shall be marked indelibly and legibly with the battery type (chemical composition),
voltage, and as appropriate, precautions associated with its use, handling and disposal and for
Primary batteries the shelf life / expiration date (month and year).
The Class 3 radio shall be provided with primary batteries, in addition it may also be supplied with
secondary batteries. Class 1 and 2 radios shall be supplied with either primary or secondary
batteries (or both).
4.12.1 Primary Batteries
Primary batteries shall have a shelf life of at least two years.
Primary batteries or their container shall have a color and marking as described in clause 4.4.
For Class 1 and Class 2 radios the capacity of the integral primary battery shall be sufficient to
operate the equipment continuously for at least four hours at ambient temperature (see clause
6.8.1) with a 1:9 transmit to receive duty cycle at the highest rated transmit power.
This duty cycle is defined as:
- 6 s transmit at full RF output power without modulation, 6 s reception with an RF input signal at
the nominal frequency of the receiver at a level of +60 dBμV using normal test modulation (see
clause 6.8.5); and the audio volume control of the receiver set at maximum , followed by 48 s
reception without input signal and the squelch control operational (muted).
For Class 3 radios the capacity of the integral primary battery shall be sufficient to operate the
equipment continuously for at least eight hours at any temperature condition (see clause 6.8.2)
with a 1:9 transmit to receive duty cycle at the highest rated transmit power.
This duty cycle is defined as:
- 6 s transmit at full RF output power without modulation, 6 s reception with an RF input signal at
the nominal frequency of the receiver at a level of +60 dBμV using normal test modulation (see
clause 6.8.5); and the audio volume control of the receiver set at maximum, followed by 48 s
reception without input signal and the squelch control operational (muted).
Provisions shall be made for replacing the battery easily without the use of special tools and
without degrading the performance of the equipment (particularly water tightness after re assembly).
4.12.2 Secondary (Rechargeable) Batteries
If the equipment is capable of operation with secondary batteries, the associated battery charger
shall be submitted for conformance testing with the equipment.
Secondary batteries or their container shall not have the same color or marking as the primary
batteries (see also clause 4.4).
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The capacity of the secondary battery shall be sufficient to operate the equipment continuously
for at least four hours at ambient temperature (see clause 6.8.1) with a 1:9 transmit to receive
duty cycle at the highest rated transmit power.
This duty cycle is defined as:
- 6 s transmit at full RF output power without modulation, 6 s reception with an RF input signal at
the nominal frequency of the receiver at a level of +60 dBμV using normal test modulation (see
clause 6.8.5); and the audio volume control of the receiver set at maximum followed by 48 s
reception without input signal and the squelch control operational (muted).
The charger shall:
- have an indication to show that it is charging;
- have means to indicate when each battery has reached the fully charged condition;
- be able to fully charge discharged batteries in no more than 14 hours;
- automatically maintain fully charged batteries in a fully charged condition as long as the
batteries remain in the charger
4.13 Labeling
All controls, instruments, indicators and terminals shall be clearly labeled.
The radio shall also have a label (or labels) affixed to it with as a minimum the following
information:

The Manufacturers Name, the Model Number of the Radio and its Serial Number

The Class of the radio and a statement of whether it floats or not

The FCC or other national administrations approval identification of the radio

The location of the GNSS antenna shall be marked on the exterior of the radio in a manner
and location that shall be clearly viewable to the operator activating the radio.

[Concise, unambiguous instructions to orient the GNSS (or Galileo / GPS / Glonass as
applicable) antenna towards the sky and a warning not to obstruct the antenna .]
On Class 3 radios the compass safe distance shall be stated on the equipment and for Class 1
and 2 radios it shall be stated in the user documentation.
The Primary battery shall be marked indelibly and legibly with the battery type (chemical
composition), voltage, expiration date (month and year) and as appropriate, precautions
associated with its use, handling and disposal.
The Secondary battery shall be marked indelibly and legibly with the battery type (chemical
composition) and voltage and as appropriate, precautions associated with its use, handling and
disposal.
The battery shall if applicable also be marked with an appropriate Dangerous Goods
transportation statement together with the applicable date 4
4.14 Warm up
After being switched on, the equipment shall be capable of transmitting and receiving voice
communications within 5 s.
———————
4
In the U.S., 49 CFR 175.10(a)(17).
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4.15 Internal Memory
The contents of the last received DSC message shall remain stored even when the radio is
turned off.
Received messages shall be stored even if the received Error Check Character (EC C) does not
match. An ECC error should be clearly indicated when the information in the received symbols is
displayed.
Any entries in the DIRECTORY shall remain stored in the radio even when the radio is turned off
or the battery removed.
The radios own MMSI shall remain stored in the radio even when the radio is turned off or the
battery removed.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Switching time
The channel switching arrangement shall be such that the time necessary for the radio operator
to change over from using one of the channels to using any other channel does not exceed 5 s.
If applicable during dual watch, tri-watch and scanning operations the time to automatically switch
between channels shall not exceed 60ms.
The time necessary to change over from transmission to reception or vice versa, shall not exceed
300 ms.
5.2 Class of emission and modulation characteristics
The equipment shall use phase modulation, G3E (frequency modulation with pre -emphasis of 6
dB/octave) for speech, and G2D for DSC signaling.
The equipment shall be designed to operate with a channel separation of 25 kHz. Other channel
spacings are allowed if permitted by appropriate national Administrations (see ITU -R
Recommendation M.1084-4).
5.3 Facilities for DSC transmission and reception
5.3.1 General
The equipment shall include the necessary facilities for coding and transmission of DSC on
channel 70 and for decoding and conversion of the information content of received DSC as
specified in ITU-R M.493.
The radio shall handle DSC calls as defined in ETSI EN 300 338 -5 Clause 6.
5.3.2 Decoding
The DSC equipment shall be so designed that in the decoding process use shall be made of the
phasing sequence, of parity bits for error detection, time diversity repetitions and e rror check
characters in the received call as specified in ITU-R M.493.
5.3.3 Automatic re-transmission of distress calls
In addition if a position was not available to include in the transmitted Distress Alert call and a
Distress Acknowledgement is received suc h that the radio ceases to transmit the Distress Alert
and within 20 minutes a position from the GNSS Receiver becomes available then the radio shall
automatically begin a second Distress Alert call with the position in the message.
Subsequent changes in position from the GNSS Receiver shall not initiate a further automatic
Distress Alert call.
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5.4 Ships identity – MMSI and Group MMSI
The equipment shall be capable of permanently storing its 9-digit Maritime Mobile Service Identity
(MMSI) number which shall be inserted automatically in the call.
After the MMSI has been stored, it shall not be possible to change the identity number using any
combination of operator controls. The radio’s MMSI shall be accessible to the user.
Facilities shall be included in the radio to permit a manufacturer, dealer or service agent to delete
the MMSI stored in the radio, so that a new MMSI can be entered in the radio.
The equipment shall be capable of permanently storing one or more Group MMSI numbers, the
user shall be able to store and erase these numbers as required.
Removal of the radios battery or discharging of the battery in the radio shall not erase any stored
data (such as MMSI numbers) in the radio.
5.5 Position information
An internal GNSS processor shall be provided to automatically encode geographical position into
the DSC message in accordance with ITU-R M.493-13.
5.5.1 GNSS Antenna Location
The GNSS antenna shall be located such that when the VHF antenna is pointing towards the sky
adequate GNSS reception is achieved on the GNSS antenna (this would typically be the top most
surface of the radio when held up).
5.5.2 Internal navigation device performance
The internal navigation device shall incorporate self -check features to ensure that erroneous
position data is not encoded into the DSC message. The self-check features shall prevent
position data from being encoded into the DSC message unless minimum performance criteria
are met. The manufacturer shall include details of how this is achieved in the provided test
documentation. These details could include the proper internal functioning of the device, the
presence of a sufficient number of navigation signals, sufficient quality of the signals, and
sufficiently low geometric dilution of precision to ensure that positions with an error of greater
than 500m are not encoded into the DSC message. The internal navigation device may be ‘warm’
started (i.e. retain time and / or position dependant data in memory) when the radio is turned on,
provided that it is less than 3 months since the last time that a position was acquired and stored
in memory. If the last time that a position was acquired and stored in memory was more than 3
months ago then a ‘cold’ start shall be forced and the GNSS Receiver shall be reset such that
any time dependent or position dependent data in memory is deleted.
The distance between the position provided by the navigation device, at the time of the position
update, and the true radio position shall not exceed 500m.
The internal navigation device shall provide valid data within 2 minutes after activation of the
radio under good navigation reception conditions when ‘warm’ starting and within 5 minutes when
‘cold’ starting.
For Class 3 radios the internal navigation device shall be capable of global operation and shall
conform to the following sections of IEC 61108-1 Ed2.0 (as amended).
Static Position Accuracy (5.6.4.1.1)
Static Position Accuracy under Angular Movement (5.6.4.2)
Dynamic Position Accuracy (5.6.4.3)
Acquisition Times (Cold Start, Warm Start and Reacquisition) (5.6.5)
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Short Circuit Protection (5.6.6)
Receiver Sensitivity (during both Acquisition an d Tracking) (5.6.8)
Interference Immunity (5.6.9)
Position Update (5.6.10)
5.5.3 Internal navigation device timing
The internal navigation device within the VHF radio shall be activated immediately after the radio
is turned on. Once the navigation device acquires its first valid position 'fix’ this should be stored
in the radios memory ready to be encoded into a DSC message (or displayed on the radio). Any
subsequently acquired valid position fixes shall update the position sto red in the radios memory.
Between each attempt to obtain a fix the navigation device may be put in to a sleep mode that
retains ephemeris and / or almanac data, such that when it is subsequently woken up it ‘warm’
starts. The navigation device shall attempt to update its position at least once every 30 minutes.
Failure to update the position shall result in a warning alarm to indicate to the operator of the
radio that an ‘old’ position is stored in the radio. No position shall be stored in t he radio for more
than 4 calendar hours without being updated, if after 4 calendar hours the position has not been
updated then the stored position shall be erased from memory and a warning alarm shall indicate
to the operator of the radio that a valid pos ition is no longer available. When the radio is turned
off any position stored in the radio shall be erased .
6 General conditions of measurement
6.1 Power Supply
Electrical power shall be supplied during performance tests normally by the batteries which form
a part of the equipment. For type-approval tests, a minimum of three sets of batteries shall be
submitted. A log of battery on-time shall be maintained for the radio under test. Batteries shall
not be replaced unless it is probable that the battery on -time will exceed the prescribed operating
life time of the radio before the test is complete. In any case batteries shall not be replaced
during a test. If the batteries fail during a test new batteries shall be fitted and th at test repeated
from the beginning.
6.2 Warm-up Period
The requirements of this standard shall be met after a maximum warm -up period of 5 min.
6.3 Instructions
Adequate information shall be provided to enable the equipment to be properly set up, maintained
and operated during the type testing.
6.4 Additional Facilities / Supplemental Devices
If the equipment contains any additional facilities or supplemental devices, they shall be
operational for the duration of all tests, except if specified otherwise. Additional testing may be
required if additional facilities and/or supplemental devices are incorporated within the radio. If
not specifically addressed within this standard additional testing requirements shall be addressed
on a case-by-case basis to the appropriate national authorities before the commencement of any
tests.
6.5 Audible and Visual Indications
During testing, all audible and visual indications including any alarms, indicators, displays and
audio outputs (if fitted) shall be operational.
6.6 Preparation of VHF Radio for type-approval testing
Two radios shall be provided by the manufacturer for testing purposes, together with the batteries
required by 6.1.
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Both radios shall be a fully packaged similar to the proposed production radios, operating on their
normal power source and equipped with their proper antenna. The manufacturer shall document
any changes or variations from the planned production radios.
Both radios shall be configured so that the antenna port can be connected to the test equipment
by a coaxial cable
 load which acts as an “Artificial Antenna” instead of the
proper antenna where required by the tests .
No adjustments are permitted to the radios under test throughout the complete test program.
Except as specifically specified by the test procedures, or in o rder to replace the batteries or
change the antenna connection, the radios shall not be opened during the test program , except
where specified by the environmental tests .
6.7 Measurements and Observations
The values of all parameters of the radio under test shall be measured or observed during each
of the tests prescribed in this standard and shall be duly recorded and submitted to the
appropriate national authority as part of the required type approval testing data set. Any failures
or repeated tests shall be recorded. The measurement accuracy of each value (or set of values)
shall also be reported in the test data. A complete summary of the test results shall also be
submitted to the appropriate national authority.
6.8 Test Conditions
Tests shall be carried out under normal test conditions, unless otherwise stated.
6.8.1 Normal test conditions
Normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of
temperature and humidity within the following ranges:
Temperature:
Relative humidity:
+15°C to +35°C
20% to 75%
6.8.2 Extreme test conditions
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the
procedure specified in IEC 60945.
Applicable operational temperature range:
–20°C to +55°C
6.8.3 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver input
Test signal sources shall be connected to the receiver input in such a way that the impedance
presented to the receiver input is 50 , irrespective of whether one or more test signals are
applied to the receiver simultaneously.
The levels of the test signals shall be expressed in terms of the emf at the terminals to be
connected to the receiver.
The nominal frequency of the receiver is the carrier frequency of the selected channel.
6.8.4 Squelch
Unless otherwise specified, the receiver squelch facility shall be made inoperative for the duration
of the conformance tests.
6.8.5 Normal test modulation
For normal test modulation, the modulation frequency shall be:
25 kHz channels: 1 kHz and the frequency deviation shall be ±3 kHz.
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12,5 kHz channels: 1 kHz and the frequency deviation shall be ±1,5 kHz.
6.9 Arrangements for test signals applied to the transmitter input
For the purpose of the present document, the audio frequency modulating signal applied to the
transmitter shall be produced by a signal generator applied to the connection terminals replacing
the microphone transducer.
6.10 Test channels
Conformance tests for 25 kHz channel operation shall be made on channel 16.
Conformance tests for 12,5 kHz channel operation shall be made on channel 276.
6.11 Equipment Class
The equipment manufacturer shall declare the class of the VHF radio (as defined in paragraph
4.2).
For the purposes of IEC 60945 the equipment category is defined as Portable.
6.12 Performance Check
For the purposes of IEC 60945 and this standard a performance check consists of:
a) Operating the radio with another radio (tx and rx) and mak ing sure that it works
6.13 Performance Test
For the purposes of IEC 60945 and this standard a performance test consists of measur ing the
following parameters:
a) Measure Tx Freq;
b) Measure Tx Output Power into 50 Ohms; and
6.14 Pre-conditioning and Post Examination for Environmental Tests
Prior to testing, the VHF radios shall be visually inspected for any signs of damage and a
performance check shall be made. No other preconditioning is required unless specifically
detailed within each environmental test herein.
After each environmental test, the equipment shall be inspected for any mechanical deterioration
and/or for water penetration and a performance check shall be made.
6.15 Test Requirements
VHF radios shall be tested to ensure compliance with the relevant standards as set out in the
table below. The table lists the relevant tests for each class of radio and defines if the test is
mandatory or optional and whether the tests can be performed by the manufacturer or by an
independent test laboratory. The table also defines which tests are compulsory for FCC approval
in the USA.
The preferred testing standards are IEC 60945 and IEC 62238, but a manufacturer may use an
equivalent or superior testing standard for one or all tests, provided that they can satisfactorily
demonstrate that the standard used is equal or superior to the equivalent IEC 60945 or IEC
62238 test.
Tests
Class 1 and Class 2
FCC
App
Class 3
App
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Tests
Class 1 and Class 2
FCC
App
Class 3
App
Environmental Tests
Dry heat test
IEC 60945
M
SL
IEC 60945
TR
Damp heat test
IEC 60945
M
SL
IEC 60945
TR
Low temperature test
IEC 60945
M
SL
IEC 60945
TR
Vibration test
IEC 60945
M
SL
IEC 60945
TR
Bump test (if applicable)
N/A
N/A
N/A
See 7.5
TR
Drop test
IEC 60945
Thermal shock test (if applicable)
N/A
Immersion test
IEC 60945
IEC 60945 clause 9 and
clause 10
EMC tests
M
SL
IEC 60945
TR
N/A
N/A
IEC 60945
TR
M
SL
TR
O
SL
IEC 60945
IEC 60945 clause 9 and
clause 10
Primary Batteries 8
hours 10/10/80 plus Sec
if app
Radio shall float See
7.11
TR
Operational Life (Battery
capacity)
Secondary Batteries 4
hours 10 / 10 / 80
M
SL
Buoyancy Test (if applicable)
Class 1 N/A - Class 2
Shall float See 7.11
M
SL
N/A
N/A
N/A
IEC 60945
TR
N/A
N/A
N/A
IEC 60945
TR
Oil Resistance test (if applicable)
N/A
N/A
N/A
IEC 60945
TR
Compass Safe Distance
IEC 60945
O
SL
IEC 60945
TR
Miscellaneous tests
See 7.16
M
SL
See 7.16
TR
Corrosion (salt mist) test (if
applicable)
Solar Radiation test (if applicable)
TR
TR
Electrical Performance Tests (TX)
RF Exposure Limit
Frequency error
Carrier power
Frequency deviation
FCC Part 1.1307,
1.1310, 2.1091 &
2.1093
FCC Part 80.209 & Part
2.1055 or IEC 62238
section 8.1
FCC Part 80.215 & Part
2.1046 or IEC 62238
section 8.2
FCC Part 2.1047(b) or
IEC 62238 section 8.3
M
SR
M
SR
M
SR
M
SR
FCC Part 1.1307,
1.1310, 2.1091 &
2.1093
IEC 62238 section 8.1
and FCC Part 80.209 &
Part 2.1055
IEC 62238 section 8.2
and FCC Part 80.215 &
Part 2.1046
IEC 62238 section 8.3
and FCC Part 2.1047(b)
TR
TR
TR
TR
Sensitivity of the modulator,
including microphone
IEC 62238 section 8.4
O
SR
IEC 62238 section 8.4
TR
Modulation Limiting
FCC 80.213 &
2.1047(b)
M
SR
FCC 80.213 &
2.1047(b)
TR
Audio frequency response
FCC Part 2.1047(a) or
IEC 62238 section 8.5
M
SR
IEC 62238 section 8.5
and FCC Part 2.1047(a)
TR
M
SR
M
SR
M
SR
O
SR
Emission Limitation / Emission
Mask
Emission Limits - Spurious
Emissions at Antenna Terminal
Emission Limits - Field Strength
of Spurious Emissions
Audio frequency harmonic
distortion of the emission
FCC Part 80.205,
80.211(f) & 2.1049
FCC 80.211(f)(3),
2.1051 & 2.1057 or IEC
62238 section 8.8
FCC 80.211(f)(3),
2.1053 & 2.1057
IEC 62238 section 8.6
FCC Part 80.205,
80.211(f) & 2.1049
IEC 62238 section 8.8 &
FCC 80.211(f)(3),
2.1051 & 2.1057
FCC 80.211(f)(3),
2.1053 & 2.1057
IEC 62238 section 8.6
TR
TR
TR
TR
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Tests
Class 1 and Class 2
Adjacent channel power
Transient frequency behaviour of
the transmitter
Residual modulation of the
transmitter
FCC
App
Class 3
App
IEC 62238 section 8.7
O
SR
IEC 62238 section 8.7
TR
IEC 62238 section 8.9
O
SR
IEC 62238 section 8.9
TR
IEC 62238 section 8.10
O
SR
IEC 62238 section 8.10
TR
Electrical Performance Tests (RX)
FCC Part 15, Subpart B – Radio
Receivers and Class B Digital
Devices
Harmonic distortion and rated
audio frequency output power
Audio frequency response
FCC 80.217
M
SR
FCC 80.217 *2
TR
IEC 62238 section 9.1
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.1
TR
IEC 62238 section 9.2
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.2
TR
Maximum usable sensitivity
IEC 62238 section 9.3
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.3
TR
Co-channel rejection
IEC 62238 section 9.4
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.4
TR
Adjacent channel selectivity
IEC 62238 section 9.5
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.5
TR
Spurious response rejection
IEC 62238 section 9.6
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.6
TR
Intermodulation response
IEC 62238 section 9.7
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.7
TR
Blocking or desensitization
High EMC Environment
Intermodulation Blocking Test
(Optional)
Spurious Emissions
IEC 62238 section 9.8
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.8
TR
RTCM SC11702.0
O
SL
RTCM SC11702.0
IEC 62238 section 9.9
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.9
TR
Receiver noise and hum level
Squelch operation (not applicable
to radios with Digital Squelch)
Squelch hysteresis (not
applicable to radios with Digital
Squelch)
Multiple Watch
IEC 62238 section 9.10
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.10
TR
IEC 62238 section 9.11
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.11
TR
IEC 62238 section 9.12
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.12
TR
IEC 62238 section 9.13
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 9.13
TR
OTR
DSC Transmitter Tests
Frequency error
IEC 62238 section 8.11
O
SR
IEC 62238 section 8.11
TR
Modulation index
IEC 62238 section 8.12
M
SR
IEC 62238 section 8.12
TR
Modulation rate
Testing of generated call
sequences
IEC 62238 section 8.13
M
SR
IEC 62238 section 8.13
TR
IEC 62238 section 8.14
M
SR
IEC 62238 section 8.14
TR
DSC Receiver Tests (all radios)
Dynamic range
Verification of correct decoding of
various types of digital selective
calls
IEC 62238 section 10.6
M
SR
IEC 62238 section 10.6
TR
IEC 62238 section 10.8
M
SR
IEC 62238 section 10.8
TR
DSC Receiver Tests (Radios with a Second Receiver Only)
Maximum usable sensitivity
IEC 62238 section 10.1
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 10.1
TR
Co-channel rejection
IEC 62238 section 10.2
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 10.2
TR
Adjacent channel selectivity
Spurious response and blocking
immunity
IEC 62238 section 10.3
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 10.3
TR
IEC 62238 section 10.4
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 10.4
TR
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Tests
Class 1 and Class 2
FCC
App
Intermodulation response
Class 3
App
IEC 62238 section 10.5
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 10.5
TR
Spurious emissions
IEC 62238 section 10.7
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 10.7
TR
Reaction to VTS and AIS channel
management DSC transmissions
IEC 62238 section 10.9
O
SL
IEC 62238 section 10.9
TR
Simultaneous reception
IEC 62238 section
10.10
O
SL
IEC 62238 section
10.10
TR
Notes
FCC ‘O’ – Indicates that this test is Optional for Class 1 and Class 2 Radios for the FCC
FCC ‘M’ – Indicates that this test is Mandatory on Class 1 and Class 2 Radios for the FCC
App ‘SL’ – Indicates that for Class 1 and Class 2 Radios the Manufacturer may carry out the
required tests themselves (Self Test) and do not need to have the testing done at a Test
Laboratory unless they want to.
Also ‘SL’ indicates that the manufacturer does not need to
supply test reports for these items in their FCC application, just a self certification Letter stating
that they meet all the requirements and that they will retain a copy of all test results within their
company ready for inspection by the authorities if required.
App ‘SR’ – Indicates that for Class 1 and Class 2 Radios the Manufacturer may carry out the
required tests themselves (Self Test) and do not need t o have the testing done at a Test
Laboratory unless they want to.
Also ‘SR’ indicates that the manufacturer must supply test
reports for these items in their FCC application.
App ‘TR’ – Indicates that for Class 3 Radios the Manufacturer may not carry out the required
tests themselves but must have the testing done at an independent Test Laboratory. Also ‘TR’
indicates that the manufacturer must supply test reports for these items in their FCC application.
N/A – Indicates that that test is Not Applicable to that Class of radio.
6.16 Sequence of Tests
6.16.1 Environmental Tests
The following environmental and operational tests shall be conducted in the sequence as stated
here below. All tests shall be performed on the first test sample. Tests that are optional or not
applicable to a specific class of radio may be omitted from the sequence.
Compulsory sequence of tests
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Dry heat test (see 7.1)
Damp heat test (see 7.2)
Low temperature test (see 7.3)
Vibration test (see 7.4)
Bump test (if applicable) (see 7.5)
Drop test (see 7.6)
Thermal shock test (if applicable) (see 7.7)
Immersion test (see 7.8)
EMC tests (see 7.9)
Operational Life (Battery capacity) (see 7.10)
Additional tests
The following tests may be run in any sequence and on alternative test samples if required:
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11
12
13
14
15
16
Buoyancy Test (if applicable) (see 7.11)
Corrosion (salt mist) test (if applicable) (see 7.12)
Solar Radiation test (if applicable) (see 7.13)
Oil Resistance test (if applicable) (see 7.14)
Compass Safe Distance (see 7.15)
Miscellaneous tests (see 7.16)
6.16.2 Electrical Performance Tests
The following electrical and operational tests shall be conducted in the sequence as stated here
below. All tests shall be performed on the second test sample.
Compulsory sequence of tests
6.16.2.1 Transmitter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Frequency error (see 8.1)
Carrier power (see 8.2)
Frequency deviation (see 8.3)
Sensitivity of the modulator, including microphone (see 8.4)
Audio frequency response (see 8.5)
Audio frequency harmonic distortion of the emission (see 8.6)
Adjacent channel power (see 8.7)
Transient frequency behaviour of the transmitter (see 8.8)
RF exposure limit (see 8.9)
Modulation limiting (see 8.10)
Emission limitation / emission mask (see 8.11)
Emission limits – spurious emissions at antenna terminal (see 8.12)
Emission limits – field strength of spurious emissions (see 8.13)
Residual modulationof the transmitter (see 8.14)
6.16.2.2 Receiver
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Harmonic distortion and rated audio frequency output power (see 9.1)
Audio frequency response (see 9.2)
Maximum usable sensitivity (see 9.3)
Co-channel rejection (see 9.4)
Adjacent channel selectivity (see 9.5)
Spurious response rejection (see 9.6)
Intermodulation response (see 9.7)
Blocking or desensitization (see 9.8)
Spurious emissions (see 9.9)
Receiver noise and hum level (see 9.10)
Squelch operation (not applicable to radios with Digital Squelch) (see 9.11)
Squelch hysteresis (not applicable to radios with Digital Squelch) (see 9.12)
Multiple watch (see 9.13)
FCC Part 15, Subpart B – radio receivers and Class B digital devices –
suppression of interference (see 9.14)
High EMC Environment Intermodulation Blocking Test (Optional) (see 9.15)
6.16.2.3 DSC Transmitter Tests
1
2
2
4
Frequency error (see 10.1)
Modulation index (see 10.2)
Modulation rate (see 10.3)
Testing of generated call sequences (see 10.4)
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6.16.2.4 DSC Receiver Tests for all radios
1
2
Dynamic range (see 11.1)
Verification of correct decoding of various types of digital selective calls (see 11.2)
6.16.2.5 Tests for Radios with a Second DSC Receiver
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Maximum usable sensitivity (see 11.3.1)
Co-channel rejection (see 11.3.2)
Adjacent channel selectivity (see 11.3.3)
Spurious response and blocking immunity (see 11.3.4)
Intermodulation response (see 11.3.5)
Spurious emissions (see 11.3.6)
Reaction to VTS and AIS channel management DSC transmissions (see 11.3.7)
Simultaneous reception (see 11.3.8)
7 Environmental tests
7.1 Dry Heat Test
The dry heat storage test defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed, after the completion of the
test a performance check shall be made.
The dry heat functional test defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed, during the operational
period at elevated temperature a performance test shall be made.
After completion a
performance check shall be made.
7.2 Damp Heat Test
The damp heat functional test defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed. During the operational
period at elevated temperature and humidity a performance check shall be made.
7.3 Low Temperature Test
The low temperature storage test as defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed .
completion of the test a performance check shall be made.
After the
The low temperature functional test for portable equipment defined in IEC 60945 shall then be
performed. During the operational period at reduced temperature a performance test shall be
made. After completion a performance check shall be made.
NOTE: The low temperature functional test may be combined with the Operational Life test in 7.10.
7.4 Vibration Test
The vibration test defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed, after the completion of the test a
performance check shall be made.
7.5 Bump Test (only applies to Class 3 Radios)
The radio shall be secured to the testing equipment through its normal attachments or mounting
intended for use / storage (if available) and mounted in the normal operating position(s).
Additional straps or other holding means shall not be used unless the radio has no normal means
of attachment, in which case the radio should be secured near its base (antenna pointing
upwards).
The radio shall be subjected to the bump test according to the following profile:
Peak acceleration:
Pulse duration:
Wave shape:
98 m/s 2 +/-10%
16 ms +/-10 %
Half-cycle sinewave
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Number of bumps:
4 000
The bump test is conducted three times, once with the radio mounted in each of the 3-axes. After
the completion of the tests a visual inspection shall be performed a nd the radio shall be subjected
to the performance check.
7.6 Drop Test
The radio shall be tested in its normal stowage condition. If applicable the antenna shall also be
secured in its normal stowage position for this test. If the radio is provided with a pouch or
similar package not permanently affixed to the radio, it shall be removed before conducting the
drop tests.
The radio shall be dropped onto a hard surface as defined in IEC 60945.
Upon completion of the tests the exterior of th e device shall be examined for signs of damage
and a performance check shall be made.
7.7 Thermal Shock (only applies to Class 3 Radios)
The thermal shock test for portable equipment defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed. After the
completion of the test the device shall be examined for signs of any ingress of water and a
performance check shall be made. Subject to a satisfactory performance check, the opening of
the radio to check for water ingress may be delayed until the completion of all tests.
7.8 Immersion Test
The radio shall be subjected to the portable equipment Temporary Immersion test defined in IEC
60945. After the completion of the test a performance check shall be made and then the device
shall be opened and examined for signs of any ingress of wa ter. Subject to a satisfactory
performance check, the opening of the radio to check for water ingress may be delayed until the
completion of all tests.
If the radio is equipped with a battery compartment, which allows for user replacement of the
battery, the test shall be repeated with the battery compartment open to ensure that there is no
water ingress into the radio’s electronics.
7.9 EMC Tests
These tests are optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which they are
mandatory). Tests for EMC emissions shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60945 clause 9
as detailed below. 5
Tests for EMC immunity shall be performed in accordance with IEC 60945 clause 10 as detailed
below.
Performance criteria in IEC 60945 are defined in the table below.
Table 7.9 – EMC Performance criteria in IEC 60945
IEC 60945 Tests
VHF Radio with Rechargeable
Batteries
VHF Radio with
Primary Batteries only
9.2 Conducted Emissions on Power Supply Port
Yes (on Charger with Radio in
bracket)
No
9.3 Radiated Emissions from Enclosure Port
Yes (on Charger and Radio )
Yes
10.3 Immunity to Conducted Interference (all ports)
Yes (on Charger with Radio in
bracket) - See Note 1
No
———————
5
Tests for radios for sale in the USA to meet FCC requirements are listed in sections 8 and 9 of this standard.
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IEC 60945 Tests
VHF Radio with Rechargeable
Batteries
VHF Radio with
Primary Batteries only
10.4 Immunity to Radiated Interference
Yes - See Note 1
Yes - See Note 1
10.5 Immunity to Fast Transients
Yes (on Charger with Radio in
bracket) - See Notes 2 & 3
No
10.6 Immunity to Surges on AC Power Lines
Yes - See Note 2
No
10.7 Immunity to Power Supply Short Term Variations
No
No
10.8 Immunity to Power Supply Failure
No
No
10.9 Immunity to Electrostatic Discharge
Yes - See Note 2
Yes - See Note 2
NOTE 1 - Performance Criterion A applies
NOTE 2 - Performance Criterion B applies
NOTE 3 - DC Power Port not tested (if applicable)
7.10 Operational Life Test
The operational life test is intended to establish, with reasonable confidence that the radio will
function for the prescribed minimum period under worst case conditions using a fully charged /
new battery pack.
The capacity of the integral battery shall be sufficient to operate the equipment continuously as
defined in the table below at any temperature condition at the highest rated transmit power.
Criteria
Secondary Batteries
(Classes 1, 2 and 3)
Primary Batteries
(Classes 1 and 2)
Primary Batteries
(Class 3 only)
Operating Cycle
(see below)
10 / 10 / 80
10 / 10 / 80
10 / 10 / 80
Operating Life
4 Hours
4 Hours
8 Hours
Note The Operating Life is defined as 10% transmit, 10% receive un-squelched and 80% receive squelched
7.10.1 Test Method
Using a fresh / fully charged battery pack, the radio shall be subjected to ambient temperature for
a period of at least 2 hours. The radio shall then be turned ON using the following duty cycle; 6 s
transmit on VHF Channel 16 at full RF output power without modulation, 6 s reception with an RF
input signal at the Channel 16 VHF frequency at a level of +60 dBµV using normal test
modulation (see clause 6.8.5); and - the audio volume control of the receiver set at maximum
followed by 48 s reception without input signal and the squelch co ntrol operational (muted). This
test sequence shall then be repeated with the radio maintained at ambient temperature for the
rest of the test period.
The radio shall continue to operate for at least the duration of the Operating Life defined in the
above table.
NOTE that for the Class 3 radio fitted with a Primary Battery the above test method shall be
carried out at a temperature of -20C instead of ambient.
7.11 Buoyancy Test (only applies to Class 2 and Class 3 Radios)
The Radio shall float in calm fresh water without the aid of any additional buoyancy device . If the
radio is provided with a pouch or similar package that is not permanently affixed, the radio shall
be removed before conducting this test.
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The reserve buoyancy of the radio shall be positive.
7.12 Corrosion Test (only applies to Class 3 Radios)
This test shall be performed on a complete radio assembly with all necessary labeling attached,
any storage case that is not a permanent part of the radio shall be removed before testing, any
cover over a control panel or similar shall be raised (open) during the test.
The corrosion test shall be waived where the manufacturer is able to produce evidence that the
components, materials and finishes employed in the equipment would sati sfy the test.
The corrosion test as defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed, a t the conclusion of the test the
radio shall be inspected with the naked eye without magnification for signs of corrosion, peeling
paint and other signs of deterioration. The un it shall then be subjected to a performance check.
Salt deposits and water stains may be washed off with clean warm water not exceeding a
temperature of 38°C.
7.13 Solar Radiation Test (only applies to Class 3 Radios)
This test shall be performed on a complete radio assembly with all necessary labeling attached,
any storage case that is not a permanent part of the radio shall be removed before testing, any
cover over a control panel or similar shall be raised (open) dur ing the test.
The solar radiation test shall be waived where the manufacturer is able to produce evidence that
the components, materials and finishes employed in the equipment and its labels would satisfy
the test.
The solar radiation test as defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed, at the conclusion of the test
the radio shall be inspected with the naked eye for signs of any harmful deterioration of the
equipment, including the labeling. The unit shall then be subjected to a performance check.
7.14 Oil Resistance Test (only applies to Class 3 Radios)
This test shall be performed on a complete radio assembly with all necessary labeling attached,
any storage case that is not a permanent part of the radio shall be removed before testing, any
cover over a control panel or similar shall be raised (open) during the test.
The oil resistance test shall be waived where the manufacturer is able to produce evidence that
the components, materials and finishes employed in the equipment would satisfy the test.
The oil resistance test as defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed, a t the conclusion of the test
the radio shall be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. It shall then be
inspected with the naked eye for signs of any damage such as shrinking, crack ing, swelling
dissolution or change of the mechanical characteristics. The unit shall then be subjected to a
performance check.
7.15 Compass Safe Distance Test
The compass safe distance test as defined in IEC 60945 shall be performed. The safe distance
shall be marked on the radio and / or shall be recorded in the operation manual.
7.16 Miscellaneous Tests
The following tests may be performed in any sequence and in conjunction with other electrical
tests or separately on one or more additional radios.
7.16.1 Controls and Indicators
The radio shall be inspected to ensure that all the requirements of clause 4.6 are met. The
inspection shall ensure that two independent actions are required to activate the Distress function
on the radio.
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For Class 3 radios only, all controls shall be operable by a person wearing gloves or mittens from
an IMO SOLAS 6 compliant immersion suit.
7.16.2 Battery
The manufacturer shall provide evidence that the battery used to power the radio is not
hazardous to personnel as required by clause 4.11. The manufacturer shall provide evidence
that the design of the radio includes measures to protect the batteries from reversal of polarity,
shorting, self heating, cell-to-cell charging and forced discharging. The battery shall be inspected
to ensure that all the labeling requirements of clause 4.12 are met. The manufacturer shall
provide evidence that the battery and the cells making up the battery are either exempt from
testing or have been tested to the United Nations Recommendations on the Tran sport of
Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, PART III, Section 38.3
(ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.4) as amended.
For any radio fitted with Primary Batteries the manufacturer shall declare the useful life of the
battery and its expiration date and provide evidence to support these as required by clause 4.12.
7.16.3 General Construction
The radio shall be inspected to ensure that it has no sharp edges or points, likely to cause injury
to persons or damage to other equipment.
7.16.4 Exterior Finish
The radio shall be inspected to ensure that the exterior finish complies with the requirements of
clause 4.4.
7.16.5 Labeling
The labeling of the exterior of the radio and any labeling permanently attached to the radio shall
be inspected to ensure that they comply with the requirements of clause 4.13.
7.16.6 Documentation
The manufacturer shall supply a copy of the operation manual and this shall be inspected to
ensure that it complies with the requirements of clause 12.
8 Transmitter Tests
All tests on the transmitter shall be carried out with the output power switch set at its maximum
except where otherwise stated.
8.1 Frequency error
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 80.209 & Part 2.1055. Radios for sale elsewhere
shall be subjected to the frequency error test as defined in IEC 62238 Section 8.1 (or equivalent).
Class 3 radios shall be subjected to both the FCC and IEC tests.
8.2 Carrier power
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 80.215 & Part 2.1046. Radios for sale elsewhere
shall be subjected to the frequency error test as defined in IEC 62238 Section 8.2 (or equivalent)
except that the output power levels of the radio shall be as follows .
———————
6 Refers to International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and related resolutions and recommendations,
maintained by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
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For Class 1 and Class 2 radios the output power shall be between 0.1W and 25W under all test
conditions. If the output power is more than 1W then it shall be possible to select a low power setting
where the output power is between 0.1 W and 1W.
For Class 3 radios the output power shall be between 0.25W and 25W under all test conditions. If the
output power is more than 1W then it shall be possible to select a low power setting where the output
power is between 0.25 W and 1W.
Class 3 radios shall also be subjected to the FCC tests.
8.3 Frequency deviation
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 2.1047(b). Radios for sale elsewhere shall be
subjected to the frequency deviation test as defined in IEC 62238 Section 8.3 (or equivalent).
Class 3 radios shall be subjected to both the FCC and IEC tests.
8.4 Sensitivity of the modulator, including microphone
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the frequency error test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 8.4 (or equivalent).
8.5 Audio frequency response
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 2.1047(a). Radios for sale elsewhere shall be
subjected to the audio frequency response test as defined in IEC 62238 Section 8.5 (or
equivalent). Class 3 radios shall be subjected to both the FCC and IEC tests.
8.6 Audio frequency harmonic distortion of the emission
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the audio frequency harmonic distortion test as
defined in IEC 62238 Section 8.6 (or equivalent).
8.7 Adjacent channel power
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the adjacent channel power test as defined in I EC
62238 Section 8.7 (or equivalent).
8.8 Transient frequency behavior of the transmitter
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the transient frequency behavior test as defined in
IEC 62238 Section 8.9 (or equivalent).
8.9 RF Exposure Limit
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 1.1307, Part 1.1310, Part 2.1091 and Part
2.1093.
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the nati onal or international RF
exposure limit tests applicable to the intended geographical area of operation.
8.10 Modulation Limiting
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 2.1047(b) and Part 80.213.
8.11 Emission Limitation / Emission Mask
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 2.1049, Part 80.205 and Part 80.211(f).
8.12 Emission Limits – Spurious Emissions at Antenna Terminal
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 2.1051, Part 2.1057 and Part 80.211(f)(3) .
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the conducted spurious emissions as conveyed to
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the antenna test as defined in IEC 62238 Section 8.8 (or equivalent).
subjected to both the FCC and IEC tests.
Class 3 radios shall be
8.13 Emission Limits – Field Strength of Spurious Emissions
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 2.1053, Part 2.1057 and FCC 80.211(f)(3).
8.14 Residual modulation of the transmitter
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the Residual modulation of the transmitter test as
defined in IEC 62238 Section 8.10 (or equivalent).
9 Receiver Tests
9.1 Harmonic distortion and rated audio frequency output power
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the harmonic distortion and audio power test as
defined in IEC 62238 Section 9.1 (or equivalent).
Except that the rated audio frequency output power shall be at least:
– 200 mW in a loudspeaker;
– 1 mW in the handset earphone (if applicable); and
The harmonic distortion shall not exceed 10 %.
9.2 Audio frequency response
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the harmonic distortion and audio power test as
defined in IEC 62238 Section 9.2 (or equivalent).
9.3 Maximum usable sensitivity
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the maximum sensitivity test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 9.3 (or equivalent).
9.4 Co-channel rejection
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the co-channel rejection test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 9.4 (or equivalent).
9.5 Adjacent channel selectivity
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the adjacent channel selectivity test as defined in IEC
62238 Section 9.5 (or equivalent).
9.6 Spurious response rejection
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the spurious response rejection test as defined in IEC
62238 Section 9.6 (or equivalent).
9.7 Intermodulation response
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the intermodulation response test as defined in IEC
62238 Section 9.7 (or equivalent).
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9.8 Blocking or desensitization
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the blocking or desensitization test as defined in IEC
62238 Section 9.8 (or equivalent).
9.9 Spurious emissions
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the spurious emissions test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 9.9 (or equivalent).
9.10 Receiver noise and hum level
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the receiver residual noise level test as defined in
IEC 62238 Section 9.10 (or equivalent).
9.11 Squelch operation
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the squelch operation test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 9.11 (or equivalent).
9.12 Squelch hysteresis
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the squelch hysteresis test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 9.12 (or equivalent).
9.13 Multiple Watch
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the multiple watch test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 9.13 (or equivalent).
9.14 FCC Part 15, Subpart B – Radio Receivers and Class B Digital Devices – Suppression of
Interference
Radios for sale in the USA shall be tested to FCC Part 80.217.
radios for sale elsewhere.
This test is not applicable for
9.15 High EMC Environment Intermodulation Blocking Test (Optional)
This test is designed to ensure that radios used in high electromagnetic environments are not
blocked by signals from nearby shore based installations. It is optional for all radios, but
manufacturers are encouraged to design and test to it for radios that will be used in these
environments. Radios designated for use in these environments shall be subjected to the
Intermodulation/Blocking Response test in RTCM standard 11702 -0.
10 DSC Transmitter Tests
10.1 Frequency error
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the frequency error test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 8.11 (or equivalent).
10.2 Modulation index
This test is mandatory for all radios. Radios shall be subjected to the modulation index test as defined
in IEC 62238 Section 8.12 (or equivalent).
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10.3 Modulation rate
This test is mandatory for all radios. Radios shall be subjected to the modulation rate test as defined
in IEC 62238 Section 8.13 (or equivalent).
10.4 Testing of generated call sequences
This test is mandatory for all radios.
The output of the equipment shall be connected to
calibrated apparatus for decoding and printing out the information content of the call sequences
generated by the equipment.
The equipment shall be set to transmit DSC calls as specified in Annex A in order to verify that
the requirements of ITU-R Recommendation M.493 regarding message composition and content
are met.
The generated calls shall be analyzed with the calibrated apparatus for correct configuration of
the signal format, including time diversity.
The telecommands used shall be stated in the test report.
11 DSC Receiver Tests
11.1 Dynamic range
This test is mandatory for all radios. Radios shall be subjected to the dynamic range test as defined in
IEC 62238 Section 10.6 (or equivalent).
11.2 Verification of correct decoding of various types of digital selective calls
This test is mandatory for all radios. The input terminal of the equipment shall be connected to a
calibrated apparatus for generation of digital selective call signals.
DSC calls as defined by the manufacturer and as specified in Annex A shall be applied to the
equipment to verify that the requirements of ITU-R Recommendation M.493 regarding message
composition and content are met.
The decoded call sequences at the output of the equipment shall be examined for correct
technical format, including error-check character.
When receiver measurements are made by use of a printer or a computer, a check shall be made
to ensure accordance between printer output and display indication.
The telecommands used shall be stated in the test report.
11.3 Tests for Radios with a Second DSC Receiver
The following tests only apply to radios fitted with a second dedicated DSC Receiver.
11.3.1 Maximum usable sensitivity (see 11.3.1)
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the maximum useable sensitivity test as defined in
IEC 62238 Section 10.1 (or equivalent).
11.3.2 Co-channel rejection (see 11.3.2)
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the co-channel rejection test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 10.2 (or equivalent).
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11.3.3 Adjacent channel selectivity (see 11.3.3)
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the adjacent channel selectivity test as defined in IEC
62238 Section 10.3 (or equivalent).
11.3.4 Spurious response and blocking immunity (see 11.3.4)
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the spurious response and blocking immunity test as
defined in IEC 62238 Section 10.4 (or equivalent).
11.3.5 Intermodulation response (see 11.3.5)
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the intermodulation response test as defined in IEC
62238 Section 10.5 (or equivalent).
11.3.6 Spurious emissions (see 11.3.6)
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the spurious emissions test as defined in IEC 62238
Section 10.7 (or equivalent).
11.3.7 Reaction to VTS and AIS channel management DSC transmissions (see 11.3.7)
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the reaction to VTS and AIS channel management
DSC transmissions test as defined in IEC 62238 Section 10.9 (or equivalent).
11.3.8 Simultaneous reception (see 11.3.8)
This test is optional for Radios for sale in the USA (except Class 3 radios for which it is mandatory).
Radios for sale elsewhere shall be subjected to the simultaneous reception test as defined in IEC
62238 Section 10.10 (or equivalent).
12 Documentation
12.1 User Documentation
The manufacturer shall provide an operation manual with the equipment in the English language
which as a minimum includes the following:
a) Complete instructions for operating the radio , including clear details of the DSC menu
system and how to make and receive DSC calls .
b) A warning paragraph with advice on using the Distress function only in an emergency.
c) General battery information (e.g., battery replacement instructions, battery type, safety
information regarding battery use and disposal).
d) Instructions for the safe transportation or shipping of the radio or the location where such
information can be obtained on the Internet or by mail by the co nsumer.
e) If applicable information regarding the need to recharge the batteries in the radio and
details of how and when to do this.
f)
Information related to the requirements of preventive maintenance and instructions on
how to test the radio.
g) Instructions on what to do if the radio appears to be faulty.
h) Minimum operating lifetime and operating and stowage temperature ranges.
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i)
Information explaining the requirement and procedure for licensing (where required) and
for obtaining and entering an MMSI number for th e radio.
j)
Instructions on actions to be taken in the case of false alerts, including toll and toll -free
phone numbers for contacts and including instructions that in the case of accidental
activation of the distress function in the radio, the user should de-activate the radio and
notify the appropriate search and rescue authorities 7 at the earliest possible time.
k) For Class 1 radios, a warning that states “THIS RADIO WILL NOT FLOAT".
l)
The radios waterproof rating (e.g. waterproof to x meters for x minutes/hours).
Information to guide the operator towards maximizing GPS self-locating performance including a
warning not to obstruct the GPS antenna's view of the sky.
12.2 Consumer Packaging
The manufacturer shall include a conspicuous warning on the packaging of Class 1 radios to the
effect that “This radio will not float”.
———————
7
e.g., in the U.S. telephone 1-800-851-3051, in the U.K. the Coastguard
RTCM Paper 245-2011-SC101-270
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Annex A
(normative)
Types of DSC Calls
A.1
DSC Calls
The manufacturer shall define exactly which DSC calls the radio is designed to handle from the table below (note as a minimum the radio
must handle all of the Hand Held Class D calls) .
Radio
Band
Category of Call
Call Type
VHF
Distress Alert
RT
Class D
TX RX
●
VHF
VHF
Distress ACK
Distress Relay
Distress Relay ACK
●
●
EPIRB
VHF
●
HH Class D
TX
RX
Format
Specifier
493-13
Table
Comments
●
112
4.1
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 1
●
112
4.1
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 1
RT
.
●
.
●
116
4.1
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 1
EPIRB
.
●
.
●
116
4.2
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 1
.
120
4.3
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 2
●
Individual RT
EPIRB
.
●
.
.
120
4.3
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 2
Geographical Area RT
.
■
.
.
102
4.3
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 1
Geographical Area EPIRB
.
■
.
.
102
4.3
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 1
All Ships RT
.
●
.
.
116
4.3
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 1
All Ships EPIRB
.
●
.
.
116
4.3
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 1
Individual RT
●
●
.
.
120
4.4
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 3
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Radio
Band
VHF
VHF
Category of Call
Call Type
Class D
TX RX
HH Class D
TX
RX
Format
Specifier
493-13
Table
Individual EPIRB
.
●
.
.
120
4.4
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 3
All Ships RT
.
●
.
.
116
4.4
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 3
All Ships EPIRB
.
●
.
.
116
4.4
Plus ITU-R M.821 Expan Seq 3
Urgency & Safety Calls
All Modes RT
●
●
1
●
116
4.5
See Note 1
[All Ships]
Duplex RT
.
■
.
■
116
4.5
Medical Transport
.
.
.
.
116
4.5
Ships & Aircraft
.
.
.
.
116
4.5
Urgency & Safety -
Not Applicable
4.6
Geographic Area Calls
VHF
Comments
Urgency & Safety Calls
All Modes RT
[Individual & ACK]
Duplex RT
.
●
.
.
●
120
4.7
.
120
4.7
RT ACK
●
.
●
.
120
4.7
Unable to comply ACK
●
.
●
.
120
4.7
Position Request
.
.
.
.
120
4.7
Position ACK
.
.
.
.
120
4.7
Test Call
●
●
●
●
120
4.7
Test ACK
●
●
●
●
120
4.7
Not Applicable
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Radio
Band
Category of Call
Call Type
VHF
Routine Group Call
All Mode RT
●
●
●
Duplex RT
.
.
Routine Individual
All mode RT
●
●
Calls and ACK
Duplex RT
VHF
Class D
TX RX
HH Class D
TX
RX
Format
Specifier
493-13
Table
●
114
4.8
.
.
114
4.8
●
●
120
4.9
120
4.9
RT ACKS
●
●
●
●
120
4.9
Data
.
.
.
.
120
4.9
Data ACK
.
.
.
.
120
4.9
120
4.9
Unable to Comply
VHF
Comments
Polling
.
.
.
.
120
4.9
Polling ACK
.
.
.
.
120
4.9
Semi/Automatic
Request
●
●
1
1
123
4.10.1
See Note 1
(Optional)
Able to Comply ACK
●
●
1
1
123
4.10.1
See Note 1
Start of Call (WKG CH)
●
.
1
.
123
4.10.1
See Note 1
Unable to comply ACK
●
●
1
1
123
4.10.1
See Note 1
End of Call Request (WKG CH)
●
.
1
.
123
4.10.1
See Note 1
End of Call ACK (WKG CH)
.
●
.
1
123
4.10.1
See Note 1
Legend
Required
●
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Radio
Band
Category of Call
Call Type
Class D
TX RX
May be provided for Backward compatibility
■
Does not Apply
.
See Note 1
1
HH Class D
TX
RX
Format
Specifier
493-13
Table
Comments
Note 1 - Class 1 and Class 2 Handheld Radios may optionally be able to receive or transmit this call at the discretion of the manufacturer
All of the manufacturer declared DSC call types shall be tested to ensure correct DSC operation.
Tests shall be performed using the correct telecommands as detailed in ITU-R M.493-13. Where there is a choice of telecommand,
different telecommands should be used for each test to ensure that all applicable telecommands are tested at least once.
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Annex B
(informative)
Intellectual Property
B.1
Policy
It is the intent of the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) to develop
standards that do not require the use of patented technologies as the only means to comply with
a standard (essential patents).
B.2
Essential patented technologies
RTCM has not been informed of any patented technologies that must be used in order to design
or produce equipment covered by this standard.
B.3
Non-essential patented technologies
RTCM has been informed of the patented technologies listed in Table C.1 that may be used in
the design and production of equipment covered by this standard. However, RTCM believes it is
possible to design and produce equipment covered by this standard without using any of the
patented technologies listed in the table.
Table C.1 is provided for the information of users of this standard. RTCM takes no responsibility
for the accuracy or completeness of this list.
Table C.1 – Non-essential patents
Issuing
Country
Patent
Number
Patent Holder
Brief Description
(See Note)
NOTE: Do not rely on this summary as a complete description of the technology. See patent documents for a full
description.