Lecture 23
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Lecture 23 objectives
Apply understanding to understand effects of drugs
Understand how nitrogen is excreted through common paths
Understand the common aspects of amino acid catabolism
Understand the fates of carbon skeletons of amino acids
Understand how Nitrogen is fixed from the atmosphere
Apply knowledge of nitrogenase to explain symbiotic N2-fixation
Data analysis
Liraglutide is a drug that inhibits production of
Glucagon. Treat normal and diabetic mice with
Liraglutide and measure levels of blood glucose and
ketone bodies. Effect of glucagon on hyperglycemia?
Normal Diabetic
-Liraglutide
+Liraglutide
Ketone bodies
-Liraglutide
+Liraglutide
Blood glucose
Glucagon levels
-Liraglutide
+Liraglutide
Normal Diabetic
Normal Diabetic
Nitrogen metabolism
How does nitrogen enter/exit?
Carbon skeleton source/fate?
Regulation?
Amino acid catabolism - overview
Transfer of Nitrogen to common “carrier”
Two “carriers”
Getting rid of nitrogen…
…as urea
Metabolism is interconnected
Urea cycle regulation
Dealing with the C-skeletons
Diseases
Fixing N2
N2 fixation is energy intensive
Legumes & nodules
Symbiosis