Impact of Biomass Loading on Rheological Properties During Ionic
Liquid Pretreatment †
Alejandro G. Cruza, Chessa Scullina,b, Chen Mua, Patanjali Varanasia,b, Gang Chenga,b, Vitalie
Stavilab, Dongyan Xu, Jeff Mentelc, Yi-De Chuang, Blake A. Simmonsa,b, and Seema Singha,b
Figure S1: Rheology Measurements of pretreated slurry between 25 mm plates with 3%
biomass loading (a) and (b), and with 50% biomass loading (c).
a
b
c
Figure S2: Storage modulus, loss modulus and shear viscosity of pretreated switchgrass
slurries during frequency sweep from 0.01 to 10 Hz with biomass loading of 20% (a), 30%
(b), 40% (c).
Figure S3: Composition and Mass balance for 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent loadings
30% biomass loading
Switchgrass 100g
[C2mim][OAc] 0.23 kg
160°C, 3 h
ATM Pressure
Pretreatment +
water (5.8 kg)
100 g dry weight
Glucan 35.5 ± 1.6 g
Xylan
12.1 ± 2.2 g
Arabinan 3.4 ± 0.7 g
Galactan 1.6 ± 0.4 g
Lignin
37.4 ± 3.5 g
Liquid
Stream
Hydrolysis
50°C 72 h
5g glucan/L
Solid
55.8 g
Glucose 29.9 ± 2.2 g
Xylose
7.5 ± 1.1 g
Arabinose 2.4 ± 0.5 g
Galactose 0.8 ± 0.3 g
Lignin
15.6 ± 0.1
44.2 g biomass in IL/water
Glucan 8.3 ± 2.0 g
Xylan
5.8 ± 0.9 g
Arabinan 1.4 ± 0.4 g
Galactan 0.9 ± 0.3 g
Lignin
21.8 ± 0.1 g
30% biomass loading
160°C, 3 h
ATM Pressure
Switchgrass 100g
[C2mim][OAc] 0.23 kg
Pretreatment +
water (5.8 kg)
100 g dry weight
Glucan 35.5 ± 1.6 g
Xylan
12.1 ± 2.2 g
Arabinan 3.4 ± 0.7 g
Galactan 1.6 ± 0.4 g
Lignin
37.4 ± 3.5 g
Liquid
Stream
Solid
55.8 g
40% biomass loading
Pretreatment +
water (4.3 kg)
100 g dry weight
Glucan 35.5 ± 1.6 g
Xylan
12.1 ± 2.2 g
Arabinan 3.4 ± 0.7 g
Galactan 1.6 ± 0.4 g
Lignin
37.4 ± 3.5 g
Liquid
Stream
15.6 ± 0.1
Liquid
Stream
Total sugar 42.3 ± 5.8 g
Glucose 30.4 ± 4.9 g
Xylose
10.8 ± 2.0 g
Arabinose 0.7 ± 0.5 g
Galactose 0.4 ± 0.2 g
Solid
Enzyma c
Hydrolysis
Glucose 29.9 ± 2.2 g
Xylose
7.5 ± 1.1 g
Arabinose 2.4 ± 0.5 g
Galactose 0.8 ± 0.3 g
Lignin
15.6 ± 0.1
160°C, 3 h
ATM Pressure
Lignin
Hydrolysis
50°C 72 h
5g glucan/L
44.2 g biomass in IL/water
Glucan 8.3 ± 2.0 g
Xylan
5.8 ± 0.9 g
Arabinan 1.4 ± 0.4 g
Galactan 0.9 ± 0.3 g
Lignin
21.8 ± 0.1 g
Switchgrass 100g
[C2mim][OAc] 0.15 kg
Solid
Enzyma c
Hydrolysis
Lignin
15.6 ± 0.1
Liquid
Stream
Total sugar 42.3 ± 5.8 g
Glucose 30.4 ± 4.9 g
Xylose
10.8 ± 2.0 g
Arabinose 0.7 ± 0.5 g
Galactose 0.4 ± 0.2 g
Hydrolysis
50°C 72 h
5g glucan/L
Solid
43.0 g
Solid
Enzyma c
Hydrolysis
Glucose 22.3 ± 1.7 g
Xylose
5.1 ± 0.7 g
Arabinose 1.6 ± 0.4 g
Galactose 0.6 ± 0.2 g
Lignin
14.9 ± 0.5 g
57.0 g biomass in IL/water
Glucan 15.2 ± 1.6 g
Xylan
7.9 ± 0.6 g
Arabinan 2.0 ± 0.3 g
Galactan 1.1 ± 0.2 g
Lignin
22.6 ± 0.5 g
Lignin
Liquid
Stream
Total sugar 27.6 ± 3.3 g
Glucose 20.9 ± 4.8 g
Xylose
6.8 ± 1.8 g
Arabinose 0.5 ± 0.3 g
Galactose 0.3 ± 0.2 g
14.9 ± 0.5 g
Figure S4: Impact of biomass loading on saccharification kinetics and reducing sugar (a)
saccharification kinetics, (b) rate of total sugars produced as detected by DNS assay, (c) rate of monomer
sugar formation as detected by HPAEC , and, (d) recovery of monomeric sugars after enzymatic
hydrolysis compared to initial biomass HPAEC.
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