Name: _________________________ Teacher: ___________________
The Year in Review
COURSE VOCABULARY
1. The change of function to better adjust to an environment is called an _______________________.
2. A political agreement between countries to support one another is an ________________________.
3. A system of laws that separated racial and ethnic groups and limited the rights of blacks in
South Africa until 1991 were called ___________________________. As a result, Nelson Mandela was
elected President in 1994. (means apartness)
4. An institution of traditions and values shared by a culture is a _______________ _______________.
5. RELIGION: Siddhartha Gautama; The 8 Fold Path; Pagoda or Dzong. _________________________
6. ECONOMIC SYSTEM: Market Economy; Allows private ownership and open competition of
business. (Free Enterprise System). __________________________________________________________
7. The division of Indian society into groups based on birth and occupation, is their
________________ ________________________.
8. The count of a nation’s people is a ________________________________________________________.
9. RELIGION: Jesus Christ; The Bible; Church. ________________________________________________
10. Trade between the “New” and “Old” world is known as the
_________________________________ __________________________________.
11. Economy in which the government makes all of the decisions is called a _____________________
_________________________.
12. ECONOMIC SYSTEM: Command Economy; Government determines the equal distribution of
products and runs all business. ______________________________________________________________
13. To defeat: an act of victory is called a _____________________________________________________.
14. Government with one leader who has limited power (such as a King or Queen), but is run by
elected officials. ________________________________________ ________________________________
15. The spread of culture from one region to another _________________________ ________________.
16. A normal practice for a culture is a _________________________________ _____________________.
17. The wide spread clearing of trees is _______________________________________________________.
18. A ruler who has absolute power, often a military leader. (Monarch who takes power) is called a
_____________________________________________________.
19. Addressing a countries day to day affairs is _________________________ _____________________.
20. A series of rulers from the same family is called a _________________________________________.
21. National program for financial improvement _______________________ _______________________.
22. An order that limits trade with another country is an ____________________________________.
23. The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others is called _____________________________.
24. Trade alliance among European countries. ___________________________ _____________________
25. An extreme shortage of food is a __________________________________.
26. The Medieval political system in which land was exchanged for loyal service was called
___________________________________.
27. Addressing a countries international affairs. _________________________ ______________________
28. Economic policy without barriers (tariffs or quotas) for easier exchange of goods is called
_______________ _____________________.
29. The destruction of people due to their differences (race, religion, ethnicity, politics or culture)
is called ____________________________________________________________________________.
30. The process in which countries are increasingly linked to each other through culture and trade
is ________________________________________.
31. RELIGION: Aryans; The Vedas; Temple. __________________________________________________
32. Basic qualities of life that all people deserve such as equality and justice. _________ __________
33. The policy used by a powerful nation when attempting to dominate the government, trade, and
culture of its colonies is called _______________________________________________________________.
34. An established law, custom, or practice is an ______________________________________________.
35. RELIGION: Muhammad; Quran; Mosque. __________________________________________________
36. RELIGION: Abraham and Moses; Torah; Synagogue. _______________________________________
37. Leadership with legal limits on its power. ____________________ _________________________
38. The percentage of people who can read and write is called a nation’s
________________________________________ ________________.
39. Economy based on free trade and competition by the people (using laws of supply and
demand) is a __________________________ __________________________.
40. A slight change in form (as in laws) is called a _____________________________________________.
41. GOVERNMENT: Rule by one. _____________________________________________________________
42. The belief in only one God is called _______________________________________________________.
43. People who move often from place to place with no permanent home are called _____________.
44. GOVERNMENT: Rule by a few (Aristocracy). ______________________________________________
45. Natural features on a map are called ________________________ _____________________________.
46. Human made features on a map are called _____________________ __________________________.
47. Believing in more than one God is called _________________________________________________.
48. Those who are poor and cannot meet their basic needs of life live in _______________________.
49. An industry that gathers natural resources. ___________________ ____________________________.
50. To improve by changing is to ____________________________________________________________.
51. A person who flees their homeland to avoid persecution or natural disaster is a _____________.
52. An industry that makes products using the natural resources (construction, factories, etc.) is a
______________________ _______________________________________.
53. ECONOMIC SYSTEM: Mixed Economy; Many businesses are owned and run by the
government, but also allows private ownership of business and competition. ___________________
54. A community with a common culture and government is a ________________________________.
55. Measurement of a nation’s quality of life. _____________________ ______ ____________________.
56. A government ruled by religious belief and leaders (Islamic Republic). ______________________
57. People meet their needs on the basis of their customs by bartering in a ____________________
__________________.
58. An opening that allows passage (example: for shipping goods) is called a
______________________________________ __________________________________________.
59. The general course of events or popular opinion is a ______________________________________.
60. Government in which leaders rule with no restrictions (Absolute Monarchy). ________________
________________________________________
GEOGRAPHY HANDBOOK
61. These lines measure distances in degrees North or South of the Equator. They are also called
parallels. _________________________________________________________________________________.
62. These lines measure distances in degrees East or West of the Prime Meridian. They are also
called meridians. __________________________________________________________________________.
63. A measuring line called a _______________________________ determines the distance on a map.
64. 180° Longitude is called the ______________________________ ______________ ________________.
65. Half of a globe or sphere is a ____________________________________________________________.
66. North, South, East and West are the four __________________________ ______________________.
67. A drawn symbol with the four main directions labeled is called a ________________ __________.
68. Which ocean is located between South America and Europe?
___________________.
__________________________
69. Which ocean is located between Greenland and Asia? ____________________ ________________.
70. Which ocean is located between North America and Japan? ________________ ______________.
71. Which ocean is located between Australia and Africa? ___________________ ________________.
72. Which continent is furthest south? _______________________________________________________
73. Which continent is the largest? __________________________________________________________
74. What continent is “down under”? ________________________________________________________
75. What continent is most densely populated? ______________________________________________
76. What continent is mostly Latin American? _________________ ______________________________
77. What continent is located in all four hemispheres? ________________________________________
78. What continent is north of the Panama Canal? _________________ __________________________
79. The islands of the Pacific are called _____________________________________________________.
80. The longest river in the world is the ______________________________________________________.
81. The highest mountain range in the world are the __________________________________________.
82. The most populated country in the world is ______________________________________________.
83. The largest rainforest in the world is the ___________________________ ______________________.
84. The largest river in the world is the ______________________________________________________.
85. The longest mountain range in the world are the __________________________________________.
86. The largest hot desert in the world is the __________________________________________________.
87. The longest man made structure in the world is the __________________ _____________ of China.
88. This canal allows passage from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. ______________________
____________________.
89. This canal allows passage from the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. _____________________
____________________.
CHAPTERS 1, 2, and 3: “Geography and Environment”
90. 1st Theme: Uses political and physical borders to describe where something is. ______________.
91. 2nd Theme: Has political and cultural characteristics which makes a site unique. ______________.
92. 3rd Theme: Group of places united by common features. __________________________________.
93. 4th Theme: Physical and electronic exchange between different lands. ______________________.
94. 5th Theme: Describes how people change their surroundings and themselves to survive.
_____________________ / ________________________________ _______________________________.
95. A specific description of where a place is located (using latitude and longitude) is its
____________________________ ______________________.
96. The science of making maps is called _______________________________.
97. The movement of water from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back is a process called
the __________________ ______________________. (involves Evaporation and Precipitation)
98. A theory that the Earth’s crust is divided into slow moving pieces is known as
_________________ ________________________________.
99. A region’s average weather over a long period of time is its ________________________________.
CHAPTERS 4 and 5: “Culture, Government, and Economics”
100. The set of beliefs, values, and practices that a group of people have in common is their ______.
101. When an idea is taken from another society, this is called __________________ _____________.
102. A measure of the number of people living in an area is __________________ _______________.
103. A relationship between countries in which they rely on one another for resources, goods, and
services is called ________________________.
104. Countries with strong economies and a high quality of life are _______________ ____________.
Countries with less productive economies and a lower quality of life are called __________________
_________________.
105. A group of people who share a common culture and ancestry is an _____________ __________.
106. The record of the past is called our _______________________.
CHAPTER 6 and 7: “U.S.A. and Canada”
107. A term used to describe people who speak two languages is _____________________________.
108. The boundary line between ______________________________ and the United States has
formed the longest unprotected border in the world.
109. The United States has many cultural influences due to a history of colonization by three
European nations. They are ____________________, ___________________, and _________________.
110. In Canada, people have gathered into different English, French, and Native American societies.
___________________________ refers to the strong connection people feel toward the area in which
they live.
CHAPTER 8-12 “Latin America”
111. The ______________ conquered a large Empire in Central America. Its capital, Tenochtitlan
was where Mexico City stands today.
112. The southernmost section of North America is an isthmus called _____________________
_________________________. It contains 7 countries such as Belize and Costa Rica.
113. The West Indies (Greater and Lesser Antilles) are several island countries in the warm waters
of the __________________________ Sea..
114. The ______________ were a great civilization who had built Machu Picchu and more the
19,000 miles of roads through the mountains of South America.
115. Many people in Peru are _______________________ _________________. They only grow
enough food to meet their family’s needs.
116. Known as “George Washington of South America” , this Venezuelan revolutionary helped
free his land from Spanish rule. His name is
________________________________________________________________.
CHAPTER 13-15 “Western Europe”
117. The Polis was a city-state in Ancient Greece. Two examples would be _____________________,
who was more culturally based, and ___________________________, who was militarily based.
118. ____________________________ ___ ________________ was the warrior King who went on to
conquer Persia. He spread Greek culture to every region he traveled.
119. The religious festival held every four years in Greece which featured various sports were the
___________________________________________________________________________________.
120. GOVERNMENT: Rule by the Many (the citizens elect leaders and policy by voting). Developed
in Athens and other parts of ancient Greece. _____________________________________________.
121. Capital of an Empire. City of Seven Hills on the Tiber River. ____________________________.
122. The famous Roman leader who became dictator in 45 B.C. and was assassinated on the Ides
of March in 44 B.C. was _______________________________________________________________.
123. Romans created a representative form of government called a __________________________.
We use this style of government in the U.S. today.
124. _________________________ is Latin for Middle Ages, a 1,000 year period between Classical
and Modern history.
125. A series of wars between Catholics and Muslims to capture the Holy Land during the Middle
ages were the _______________________________________________________________________.
126. Leonardo da Vinci was an artist, inventor, and engineer during Europe’s “rebirth” from its
Dark Age. Name the French word for rebirth? ___________________________________________.
127. Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Clergy in 1520 starting an event known as
The _________________________________ ______________________________________________.
128. ____________________ _______________ of _______________ was the belief that Royalty
ruled by the “will of God”.
129. In 1215, King John I of England was forced to sign the MAGNA CARTA, which required a
limited government and is the formal basis of a country’s law. The Magna Carta is an example of a
country’s __________________________________________________________________________.
130. Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Magellan became famous sailors in the late
1400’s-1500’s during Europe’s ________________ of ____________________________________.
131. This Emperor brought order and Nationalism to France after their revolution and “reign of
terror”. He lost his empire in 1815 at the battle of Waterloo. He was ________________________
________________________________.
132. ________________________________, or woven cloth, was often made in a cottage industry.
133. The _______________________________ ________________________ began in Great Britain
in the late 1700’s. People began to use machinery to increase productivity.
134. Later known as World War I, the ________________ __________ was the first to mass
produce machines designed for warfare.
135. _________________ __________________ was the NAZI Chancellor of Germany from the
1930’s until nearly the end of World War II in 1945.
136. The __________________________ was the NAZI genocide of 6 million Jewish people plus 6
million other victims.
137. Although nuclear weapons deterred direct warfare, democratic nations joined an alliance
called N.A.T.O., and communist nations formed an alliance known as the Warsaw Pact during
the _____________________ _____________.
138. Many members of the European Union traded in their individual currencies for a common
one called the ____________________________________________________________________.
139. The United Kingdom is made up of four regions… __________________, ________________,
_______________________, and ____________________ _________________.
140. A ____________________________ ___________________________ is a system in which
national and state governments share power as they do in Germany and the U.S.
CHAPTERS 16-18 “Eastern Europe and Eurasia”
141. A very popular form of Christianity for Greek and Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe is
________________________________ _____________________________ Christianity.
142. ______________________________________________________________relates to the city.
143. A smaller community surrounding a city is a _______________________________________.
144. _______________________________________________________ relates to the countryside.
145. _______________________________________ is the land that combines two continents,
Europe and Asia. The Ural and Caucasus mountains divide the continents in Russia.
146. Manufacturing machinery, mining equipment, and steel is _________ ___________________,
while manufacturing clothes, furniture, and consumer goods is _________ __________________.
147. _______________________ the ____________ became Czar of Russia in 1682. He
modernized the country with culture, a larger Navy, and built a new capital city on the Baltic Sea.
148. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, a communist nation was formed known as the
U.S.S.R., which stands for the ____________________ of __________________________________
______________________________________ ____________________________________________,
which had leaders such as Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.
UNIT 4: “Southwest Asia and North Africa”
149. ___________________________ is the Greek word for the “land between the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers”. The Cradle of Civilization.
150. Ancient Egypt constructed huge four sided, triangular shaped tombs for their Pharaoh’s
called ____________________________________________________________________________.
151. __________________________ is the scattering of the Jewish population outside of Israel.
152. The _________________ of ______________________ is a narrow channel of water that
separates Europe from the Maghreb of Africa by only eight miles.
153. The largest city in Turkey is the “gateway to Europe”. It is located on the Turkish Straits and
was once the Roman-Byzantine city, Constantinople. It is now called _______________________.
154. Name the group of Arabs that feel they were displaced by the creation of Israel in 1948.
Many became refugees. _____________________________________________________________.
155. Arabic-speaking nomads that live in the deserts of Southwest Asia are called ___________.
156. O.P.E.C. is a group of countries that supply 40% of the world’s oil. What does O.P.E.C. stand
for? _________________________ of __________________ ________________ ________________.
UNIT 5: “Sub-Sahara Africa”
157. Tanzania has established a preserve to protect wildlife called the _______________________
_____________ which is habitat for many species of rare and endangered animals.
158. The practice of using an area’s natural environment to attract tourists is called
___________________________________________________________________________________.
159. Illegal hunting of protected animals is called _______________________________________.
160. Many early human artifacts are found in a fault in Eastern Africa called the _______________
________________ _____________________.
161. The production of electricity from waterpower, such as river and waterfall currents is
______________________________________ _________________________.
UNIT 6: “Asia and the Pacific”
162. ___________________________ are seasonal winds that bring either dry or moist air.
163. The Indian leader ____________________________________ led a non-violent resistance
movement to free his land and Pakistan from British rule.
164. The ___________ River flows through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. The 3 rd river valley
civilization developed along its valley.
165. The tallest point on Earth is located on the border of Nepal and China. It is called
_____________________ ___________________________________.
166. The highest plateau in the world, commonly called the “Roof of the World” is ____________.
167. He turned China into a communist state in 1949. He is ________________________________.
168. In 1989, thousands of students protested for democracy and human rights in Beijing’s
__________________________________ ________________. As a result, they were fired upon and
arrested by government tanks and troops.
169. In the 1200’s, Mongol groups joined together under one leader, _________________ ____________
and conquered 80% of Eurasia.
170. Which well know trade route linked China to the Empires of the west until the 1300’s?
The _____________________ ________________.
171. Japan’s national symbol, Mt. Fuji, rises high above its capital city ___________________________.
172. Many Japanese believe in two religions, Buddhism and ____________________________________.
173. From 1950-1953, the U.S. fought in the _______________________ ___________. The Northern
country became communist while the South became a democracy.
174. The Khmer Empire constructed ___________________________ ____________, a temple in
Cambodia dedicated to Hinduism.
175. More than 3 million Americans helped fight communism in the ____________________ _________.
The U.S. eventually withdrew its forces in 1973.
Congratulations, you’ve finished!!! This is due ____________.