Language pattern analysis in academic reading
How writer use key concept
To measure the similarity/dissimilarity between two time series, the most
popular approach is to evaluate the Euclidean distance on the transformed
representation like the DFT coefficients (Agrawal etal.,1993a) and the DWT
coefficients(Chan and Fu, 1999). Although most of these approaches guarantee
that a lower bound of the Euclidean distance to the original data, Euclidean
distance is not always being the suitable distance function in specified domains.
These are two concepts but written in a common pattern. At the beginning, the
author will introduce the concept and then use pronoun like these to referent the
concept before . This language pattern can be found many times in this research.
There also have many abbreviations, but they are not author’s writing pattern
instead of technical term in statistics. And in this research, author introduced too
many definitions and methods, so he quoted too many research. So it is very hard
to find a complicated language pattern.
In this language pattern, we can see that author used some pronoun replace the
long and complex terms. The most essential function of this is to make the article
simple and clear and to be seen more comfortable. Except of letting readers
understand well about the article, it also can arise readers’ interesting. Because
too many repeats can be very annoying.
I think this language pattern can bee found in each academic writing. And it
suggests us that we should use brief words to express reading’s meaning and
avoid some unnecessary repeats.
How writer use quote
In this research, authors not use Direct Quote. In my field of research, direct
quote does not use a lot. It only will appear at some definition and introduction
the background of research. Here are same examples of non-integrated citations.
In floating exchange rate system, it is possible for every country that its exchange
rate vary drastically. For a virtual currency to become meaningful an exchange
rate to real world currencies is required, it provides a strong incentive for
entrepreneurs to seek commercial opportunity.
Authors used this cited to demonstrate knowledge and extend the concept of
exchange rate forecasting. It also can support authors’ purpose of the research.
By citing, readers can see clearly how important of exchange rate forecasting
A small structural part of the model can have a great impact on the overall
behavior. Knowing and hence extensively studying and testing the model is of the
utmost importance
Authors used this cited to demonstrate knowledge that testing model is
important. And it also supports authors’ methods that comparing kinds of
models to find which is the best.
Here are same examples of integrated citations
Li et al. based on the fuzzy logic model and proposed an optimal group
evaluation strategy for preference update processing in a multiple data base
environment
Authors used it to demonstrate knowledge and also support their exigencies that
exchange rate also need to consider with multiple database systems.
Nelson applied GARCH models in modeling the relation between conditional
variance and asset risk premium. The method is used to estimate a model of the
risk premium.
Authors used it to demonstrate knowledge about GARCH model. Let reader have
general impression of this model.
In my field of research, integrated citations use more commonly, especially in
simple introductions about other research on same research topics or similar
topics and some mathematic or statistic models.
Because in the science research, the citation always be the theorem that have
proved correct and some research had done before. In my field, it is necessary to
introduce others’ research on the similar topic to strengthen convincing of the
research. But there would too mass if use the direct quote. There always have the
language pattern that XXX claimed that…….( some researches or some models)
which have been simple generalized.
So it needs us to read many related research, summary them and find something
useful which can used in own researches.
How writer express their emotional when use quote
1）Yao and Tan (2000) show that if technical indicators and time series data are
fed to neural networks to capture the underlying process of the movement in
currency exchange rates, then useful prediction can be made.
2）Jorion (1995) found that volatility forecasts for several major currencies from
the GARCH model were outperformed by implied volatilities generated from the
Black-Scholes option pricing model.
In the first integrated citation, the authors’ attitude is neutral. Because in this
citation, author used the report verb “show”. “Show” is a very neutral word does
not contain any emotion. And this word just display what has research done.
In the second integrated citation, the authors’ attitude is neutral. Because in this
citation, author used the report verb “found”. This word also just shows what the
research had done, doesn’t contain any authors’ think: agree or disagree.
In my field, there always would be two kinds of citation: one is to explain the
math models; another is to introduce the researches on similar topics. The
authors’ attitudes towards the citations of math models always are neutral.
Because these models have been proved many times, and authors also would use
these models in their research. The author’s attitude towards another citations at
mostly is neutral. In another citation, the common attitude is still the neutral.
Maybe in such science researches authors need to keep rational. And the word
we can use in our writing would be: show, find, establish, intimate, suggest, say
and so on . Keeping neutral in citation is almost essential for academic writing,
and it can help authors to have the objective thinking which is the most things to
Science because science is existence objectively which can not change with
human thinking, thus author can not put too much emotions when he quotes
others’ research.