MODIS Ocean Data Workshop
Introduction and MODIS History
LaSells
Stewart
Center
OSU Campus
Valley Library
A Short History
• 1983 – NASA began to explore the concept of a polarorbiting platform to complement a manned polar-orbiting
space station
• Beginning as System Z, gained momentum with NASA’s
proposed “Global Habitability” program
• After Challenger disaster, polar space station disappeared
as did manned servicing requirement
• System Z became EOS – Earth Observing System
– Several instrument suites were developed
– Surface Imaging and Sounding Package (SISP) included the
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
• MODIS soon split into 2 concepts
– MODIS-N focused primarily on land and atmosphere sensing
but included some ocean bands
– MODIS-T (tilting) focused on ocean
• Because of budget constraints, MODIS-T vanished, replaced
by MODIS-N and EOS-Color (to follow SeaWiFS)
• Further budget reductions led to replacement of EOS-Color
by SIMBIOS
Some Obscure Facts
• MODIS was always viewed as the keystone
sensor for EOS
• Three pairs of MODII were planned initially
to provide a 15-year time series
• NOAA was involved for much of the
development of EOS
– Budget constraints and orbit incompatibilities led
to eventual decoupling of NASA and NOAA
– NASA always expected that NOAA would
eventually assume responsibility for MODIS-like
measurements
INTRODUCTION MODIS OCEAN DATA PRODUCTS
WORKSHOP
Wayne E. Esaias
GSFC
Code 971 - Oceans and Ice Branch
[email protected]
http://modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.gov
September 4, 2003
Oregon State University
Early EOS Approach
• Obtain 15-20 Year Consistent Time Series
• Upgrade to New Technology
• Transition Research Mission to Quasi Operational System
Centralized Data System
COTS approach
Active Archive Center (DAAC) System
•Ongoing Instrument Team Responsibility
Instrument performance linkages to
science product performance
•Transition to a truly operational climate system
Brief MODIS History
• Definition Panel 1984
• Selection of Instrument, Instrument Team - 1989
• Restructuring - 1992
– MODIS-T out, PM MODIS-N in (6 MODIS-N’s)
• Major budget reduction - 1997
– Addition of team member investigations
– EOSDIS rescope
– 6 platforms reduced to 1st 2 - AM-1, PM-1
• Launch Terra 12/1999
• Launch Aqua 5/2002
•
Re-compete in mid 2003
Instrument Overview
• The MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS), one of the key instruments for NASA’s Earth
Observing System (EOS), was built by Raytheon Santa
Barbara Remote Sensing (SBRS)
• MODIS ProtoFlight Model (PFM) was launched on board
Terra spacecraft on 12/18/99 (first light on 02/24/00).
– http://terra.nasa.gov/
• MODIS Flight Model 1 (FM1) on Aqua spacecraft was
launched on 05/04/02 (first light on 06/24/02)
– http://eos-pm.gsfc.nasa.gov/
• 20 Reflective Solar Bands (RSB): 0.4 - 2.2 microns
• 16 Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) 3.5 - 14.5 microns
Page 10
MODIS Chronology
•MODIS Instrument Panel formed - 1984
•Instrument Panel Report (MODIS N & T) – 1986
•Phase-B Studies (N & T) complete – 1989
•MODIS Science Team selected - 1989
•MODIS-T CDR - 1990
•MODIS-N Contract Award to SBRC – 1991
•EOS program restructured - 1992
•EOSDIS restructured - 1996
•Protoflight Model shipped – 1997
•EOS Terra launched – 12/18/99
•EOS Aqua launched 05/04/2002
Page 11
MODIS Instrument
DefinitionTeam
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*
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Wayne Esaias (Chairman)
William Barnes (Secretary)
Mark Abbott
Steve Cox
Robert Evans
Robert Fraser
Alexander Goetz
Howard Gordon (Ex-officio)
Christopher Justice
E. Paul McClain
Marvin Maxwell
Robert Murphy
Joseph Prospero
Barrett Rock
Steven Running
Raymond Smith
Jerry Solomon
Michael Spanner (Ex-officio)
Joel Susskind
NASA Hq.
NASA/GSFC
Scripps/JPL.
Colorado St. Univ.
Univ. Miami
NASA/GSFC
NASA/JPL
Univ. Miami
Univ. Maryland
NOAA
NASA/GSFC
NASA Hq.
Univ. Miami
NASA/JPL
Univ. Montana
Univ. Cal. Santa Barbara
NASA/JPL
NASA/ARC
NASA/GSFC
* MODIS Science Team Members (1989 - Present)
MODIS Science Team
ATMOSPHERES
Michael King (group leader)
Bo-Cai Gao
Yoram Kaufman
Paul Menzel
Didier Tanre
OCEANS
NASA/GSFC
NASA/GSFC
NASA/GSFC
NOAA/Univ. Wisconsin
Univ. Lille/France
LAND
Christopher Justice (group leader) Univ. Maryland
Alfredo Huete
Univ. Arizona
Jan-Peter Muller
Univ. London/UK
Ranga Myneni (1997)
Boston Univ.
Vincent Salomonson (team leader) NASA/GSFC
Steven Running
Univ. Montana
Alan Strahler
Boston Univ.
John Townshend (1997)
Univ. Maryland
Eric Vermote (1997)
NASA/GSFC
Zhengming Wan
Univ. Cal. Santa Barbara
Wayne Esaias (group leader) NASA/GSFC
Mark Abbott
Oregon State Univ.
Ian Barton
CSIRO/ Australia
Otis Brown
Univ. Miami
Janet Campbell (1997)
Univ. New Hampshire
Kendall Carder
Univ. South Florida
Dennis Clark
NOAA/NESDIS
Robert Evans
Univ. Miami
Howard Gordon
Univ. Miami
Frank Hoge
NASA/GSFC
John Parslow
CSIRO/Australia
CALIBRATION
Phillip Slater (group leader)
Univ. Arizona
Kurt Thome (group leader 1999-present)
Univ. Arizona
William Barnes
NASA/GSFC
MODIS-T Phase B
MODIS-N Phase B
MODIS SPECIFICATIONS
MODIS Scan Cavity and
OBCs
Page
19
VIIRS vs. MODIS:
Size, Power
MODIS
2 m3/230 kg/147 W
VIIRS
<1.2 m3/250 kg/200 W
129 cm
118 cm
107 cm
65 cm
164 cm
138 cm
92-10-175
MODIS Ocean Science Team
Team Members and Associate Team Members
Mark Abbott
Barney Balch
Otis Brown
Dennis.K.Clark
Janet Campbell
Ken Carder
Wayne Esaias
Robert Evans
Howard Gordon
Frank Hoge
Kay Kilpatrick
Ed Kearns
Ricardo Letelier
Peter Minnett
Ken Voss
Oregon State University
Bigelow
University of Miami
NOAA/NESDIS
University of New Hampshire
University of South Florida
NASA
University of Miami
University of Miami
NASA
University of Miami
University of Miami
Oregon State University
University of Miami
University of Miami
MODIS Ocean Science Team
Support
Jasmine Nahorniak
Bruce Bowler
Mark Yarborough
Tim Moore
Bob Chen
Sue Walsh
Jim Brown
Warner Behringer
Kevin Turpie
Ron Vogel (MODAPS)
Donna Thomas
Aumber Bhatti
Bob Woodward (SDST)
Oregon State University
Bigelow
Moss Landing
University of New Hampshire
University of South Florida
University of Miami
University of Miami
University of Miami
GSFC, SAIC
GSFC, SAIC
GSFC, SAIC
GSFC, SAIC
GSFC, SAIC
TERRA MODIS NIGHTTIME 4mm SST
-2
MODIS/OCEAN GROUP
GSFC, RSMAS
MAY 2001
5 10 15 o 20 25 30 35 V 3.3.1
C
EOS MODIS SUCCESS CRITERIA
Develop improved calibration and science products
Process and reprocess the data to make it available for
6+ year mission life
Distribute products and tools to the science and operational
communities.
Improve understanding of how to best implement operational
transitions of a national climate time series
There are many lessons learned from MODIS
Assemble feedback from science community
MODIS Ocean Products
• MODIS Instruments:
– Terra (1030 morning),
– Aqua (1330 afternoon)
• 40 products:
– 4 SST,
– 36 Ocean Color
• Resolution:
– Spatial:
• Level 2 - 1km, ~2000km x 2000km;
• Level 3 - 4km, 39 km, 1 deg [all products are global]
– Temporal Resolution:
• Level 2 - 5 minute granule;
• Level 3 - daily, 8 day week, monthly, yearly
MODIS Ocean data products
•
There are 86 ocean parameters available in over 100 categories of
MODIS Ocean data types archived by (and may be obtained from)
the NASA Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center.
•
The three basic groupings of MODIS ocean data parameters are:
– ocean color
– sea surface temperature
– ocean primary production
•
Ocean Parameter categories:
• 36 Ocean Color parameters
• 4 Sea Surface Temperature parameters
• 8 Primary Productivity parameters
– (including 2 Primary Production indices)
• 38 Quality Control parameters.
Processing levels
Ocean color and sea surface temperature are available at a variety of
processing levels:
• Level 1 - Unprocessed top of the atmosphere radiance/reflectance
– At 1-km spatial resolution
– 5 minute granule time resolution
• Level 2 swath data
– At 1-km spatial resolution
– 5 minute granule time resolution
• Level 3 global binned or mapped data
– spatial resolutions of 4.63km, 39km, or 1 degree
– Time resolutions of one day, 8 days, a month or a year.
– The binned data products use an integerized sinusoidal equal area grid
(ISEAG). The mapped products use a Cylindrical Equidistant Projection.
Ocean Color & SST
DATA BINNING PATHWAYS
Ocean Primary Productivity
YEARLY
L3
PGE74
L3
L3
L3
L4
L4
L4
L4
L4
PGE52
MONTHLY
PGE73
L3
L3
L3
L3
L3
L3
8-DAY
L3
PGE54
L3
L4
L4
L4
L4
PGE51
DAILY
PGE20
L3
L3
L3
L3
L2
Binned Maps
1 km 4.6 km 4.9km 39km
Swath ISEAG Linear Linear
1° =111 km
Linear
L2 Sat 1 km
ISEAG 4.63 km
CED 4.88 km
CED 39 km
CED 1o
OPP stat model (opp_hv)
OPP s.a. model (opp_wk)
OPP mapping (opp_map)
Time binning (mtbin)
L3 binning (mspc/mmap)
L2→L3 binning (msbin)
Level 4 Productivity
• Ocean primary production data is available only as binned or
mapped Level 4 (i.e. L4) data.
• Ocean Productivity outputs are averaged weekly or yearly.
Like the L3 data, the L4 data is organized spatially as either
4km ISEAG gridded bins or as maps using a Cylindrical
Equidistant Projection. The mapped data products are
available in a choice of 4km , 39km, or 1 degree spatial
resolutions. More than one model is used for deriving these
data products and some quality statistics are available.
Where to get data and more information
Information locations:
MODIS Oceans home page
– http://modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.gov
MODIS Oceans QA Browse 36km Imagery (MQABI)
– http://mqabi.gsfc.nasa.gov
– Select Terra collection 4 or Aqua Collection 3
Useful links to documentation and related web pages
– http://modis-ocean.gsfc.nasa.gov/doclinks.html
Data Ordering locations:
NASA GES DAAC WHOM (NASA - Goddard DAAC)
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Select Ocean color ->MODIS->ocean
EOS DATA GATEWAY EDG
- http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/ordering.html
Team, Quality Assurance, Processing, and User data access relationship
Backups
Terra - Daytime Descending Orbits
Aqua - Daytime Ascending Orbits
8 Day
(Weekly)
Composites
Terra
Aqua
Development,characterization,
and performance of the EOS
MODIS sensors
W. Barnes, X. Xiong, B. Guenther and V. Salomonson
NASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD 20771
SPIE/Earth Observing Systems VIII
August 3-6, 2003
San Diego, CA
VIIRS: Heritage in
Key Components
Angular Momentum
Compensator (SeaWiFs)
Full-aperture Calibrators:
Reflective
Spectralon
Solar Diffuser
(MODIS
TRMM-VIRS)
Emissive
V-Groove
Blackbody
(MODIS Design)
Diamond-turned Postpolished
All-reflective Optics:
• Rotating Telescope (SeaWiFS)
(less stray light vs. MODIS)
3-mirror Anastigmat
• Aft Optics
4-mirror Anastigmat
Passive Flat-panel
Radiative Cooler
(Raytheon IR&D)
Stand-alone Electronics Module
• Reliable, redundant design
• Reprogrammable in flight
High-performance
2nd-generation
Focal Planes
Scan Control
• MODIS & SeaWiFs
Based Optical Encoders
• <30 µrad Uncertainty
VIIRS RTA
VIIRS Optics