FABE2110- Fluid Mechanics
Report number: 4
Team Number: 10
Team Members:
First name
Last name
Student ID number
Samuel
Schroeder
200144956
Nick
Ciccotelli
200345308
Farahan
Quadri
200332922
Harsh
Patel
200257473
Date: May 4, 2015
Page 2
Table of Content:
Topic
Page Number
1. Introduction
3
2. Observation
3-7
3. Table Of Parts
7-9
4. Drawing Of The Setup
9
5. Documentation For Instrumentation
9-13
6. Results & Calculations
13
7. Conclusion
14
8. References
14
Page 3
Introduction:
This project was designed to mimic the process of an actual experiment in the field.
There were several stages to this project, each with its own required data in order for the next
stage to work. The first stage was to analyze the setup of the pipes, fluid flow, pump, etc. in
order to obtain the necessary data for the calculations. The lengths, diameters, and brands of the
pipes were taken, and this information was used to calculate the circumference of the pipes,
which was needed for the next stage of the project, the next stage of the project included setting
up Excel sheets to calculate all of the necessary specifics of the pipe flow system. These rough
data estimates were then refined after a session at the lab, obtaining concrete, precise data to be
put into an Excel document, to obtain the hard values for the project. The biggest data point
contained in the Excel sheets is head loss, which is calculated using the pressure gauges and the
head loss within the pipes. All of this data is recorded throughout this report, and a timeline of
the project, from the first session to the deadline, is detailed immediately below. The Excel
sheets used to calculate data are attached as well. Included within this report is the timeline of the
project, including dates of major points within the project, the pictures of all the different pipe
sections and the elbows, labeled for convenience purposes and included in a chart detailing
specifics of each section, the calculations required to obtain each data point within the Excel
sheets, and a conclusion, summing up the contents of the report.
Timeline of Project:
1. February 19: Use the lab to obtain values for numerous aspects of materials used in the
experiment (pipe lengths, pump type, diameter of pipes, etc).
2. February 19: Wrote report detailing a list of pipes, elbows, pumps, etc, along with their
given lengths, types, model number, etc. This will be used as a reference to obtain
necessary values later in the experiment, such as diameter and area.
3. March 26: Wrote report detailing methods to calculate all friction loss within the system
and pump work. This also details an experimental plan, complete with timeline, and a list
of data that needs to be collected in the lab in order for the experiment to be completed.
4. March 27- April 09: Complete experiments in the lab, obtaining necessary data for all of
the calculations.
5. April 09: Write report with completed data tables for our experiment.
6. April 10- April 26: Complete 2-D and 3-D models of the setup, complete with pipes,
pumps, elbows, etc.
7. April 26: Compile Final Report, finishing everything and combining all data into one
report.
8. May 4: Turn in Final Report.
Page 4
Timeline of experiment:
For the purposes of this project, a brief timeline of the physical experiment is detailed below:
From T(o) [Time zero] the velocity of the water will be zero as the pump has not started to work.
From T(o) the fluid inside the pipes will ramp up in velocity as the pump forces the fluid to the
set flow rate.
After T(x) [time that the velocity has met its equilibrium speed] find the pressure of the gauges
for the maxed fluid velocity through the system.
Observations:
Apparatus can be divided into seven main parts, images of which are shown below. There were
a total of Forty one parts which can be divided into
1. 1 Motorized Hydro Pump
2. 1 Pump to measure Volumetric Flow.
3. 4 Pressure Gauges located at different locations of the apparatus.
4. 4 Thick Elbows.
5. 15 Thin Elbows.
6. 3 Thick Pipes.
7. 13 Thin Pipes.
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
Page 8
Name Of
the Parts
Length
(cm)
ID
(cm)
OD
(cm)
Materials
Brand
Model No.
1. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
2. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
3. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
4. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
5. Small Pipe
17
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
6. Small Pipe
5.5
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
7. Washdown
Duty Motor
--
--
--
Stainless
Steel
Hardware
Baldor
CEWDM3546
8. Volumetric
Flow Pump
--
--
--
Aluminum
Alloy
Azbil
MGG14C
9. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
Page 9
10. Small Pipe
38.5
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
11. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
12. Small Pipe
26
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
13. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
14. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
15. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
16. Small Pipe
184
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
17. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
18. Small Pipe
31.5
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
19. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
20. Small Pipe
16
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
21. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
22. Small Pipe
16
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
23. Small Pipe
Elbow
3.989
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
24. Small Pipe
16
2.159
2.54
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T343
25./26. Big
Pipe
184
6.604
7.62
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T4114
Page 10
27. Big Pipe
159.5
6.604
7.62
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T4114
28. Big Elbow
Pipe
5.984
6.604
7.62
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T4114
29. Big Elbow
Pipe
5.984
6.604
7.62
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T4114
30. Big Pipe
157
6.604
7.62
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T4114
31. Big Pipe
159.5
6.604
7.62
Stainless
Steel
Metals
Depot
T4114
2D Solidworks image of the set-up (drawing):
5
4
3
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
Pressure Gauge 1
Pressure Gauge 2
Pressure Gauge 3
Pressure Gauge 4
Volumetric Flow Pump
Cylindrical Container
6
Page 11
Page 12
Page 13
Documentation to support the instrumentations:
Results and Calculations:
In order to convert inches to centimeters:
1 inch = 2.54 cm
Example:
(1.3 in /1) * (2.54 cm/1 in)
= 3.302 cm
In order to find the length of the inner and outer parts of the pipe elbows, this equation was
utilized:
Circumference = ¼(2πr)
*Circumference is multiplied by ¼ because the pipe elbow is ¼ of a circle
Example:
Given radius = 3.302 cm
C = ¼(2*π*3.302 cm)
C = ¼(20.747 cm)
C = 5.186 cm
Pipe lengths were measured in centimeters using measuring tape. Pipe elbow radiuses were
measured using a caliper in inches. The pipe elbow measurements had to be converted to
centimeters.
Page 14
Excel Sheet Creation:
Below will highlight a plan that shows several different aspects of a pump system.
Starting with a series of calculations to find all possible friction losses within the pump system, a
plan was then developed showing the steps used to calculate pump work. Finally, an
experimental plan, complete with a timeline and required further data, was developed. These
aspects of the pump system will be implemented later in the experiment, after actual data results
are obtained, rather than placeholder ones.
**Through research, we have found several data factors key to the calculations in our
Excel sheet. Assumed uniform roughness of pipe, uniform fluid viscosity and fluid is at room
temperature. Have actual measured data such as length of pipe and diameter of pipe. We can
properly calculate the length of our elbows. We can also measure the temperature of the room for
proper fluid temperature and set the flow rate given the control panel on the pump system. From
the flow rate selected, we can find the area of our pipes and then find the velocity of the fluid
through our system, given we have only one variable remaining.
Equations to Calculate Pump Work:
hl = Head loss
hlm = Head Loss Minor
P(1,2) = Pressure 1 & Pressure 2
V(1,2) = Velocity 1 & Velocity 2
α(1,2) = Acceleration 1 & Acceleration 2
ρ = Density
g = Gravity
Q = Flow rate
Head Loss Equation:
hl + hlm = (P1/ρ + α1(V12/2) + gz1) – (P2/ρ + α2(V22/2) + gz2)
Pump Work Equation:
Wpump = m[(P/ρ – V2/2 + gz)discharge - (P/ρ + V2/2 + gz)suction]
Relation Equation:
Wpump = Q𝛥Ppump
Pump Efficiency:
η = Wpump/Win
Page 15
Conclusion:
Throughout the duration of this project we have created an Excel sheet for calculations and
conducted an experiment to measure values. Since getting all the measurable, we plugged in the
values into the Excel sheet and got answers for head loss major while neglecting head loss
minor. Through research, many combined hours of group work and lab experimentation we now
have calculations for head loss and an Excel sheet which can calculate the head loss values given
a number of inputs such as flow rates, power input, area of pipes, ect. The project went smoothly
and our group worked well together communicating all meetings well and making sure all
assignments were turned in complete and on time.
Page 16
References:
Azbil North America - AT9000 Advanced Transmitter for Gauge Pressure. (n.d.). Retrieved
February 20, 2015, from http://us.azbil.com/partDetail.php?partId=154
Metals Depot - America's Metal Superstore! (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2015, from
http://www.metalsdepot.com/products/stainless2.phtml?page=stainless pipe&LimAcc= &aident=
Motorized Hydro Pump. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://www.baldor.com/