Natural structures and manufactured
structures
Natural structures
 Structures that already exist in nature. For
example. A tree
Manufactured
 Structures that is manufactured by people,
e.g. Window frame
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Frame structure
Shell structure
Mass-or solid structure
This structure exist of rods and bars that are
connected together in a certain pattern, eg.
Window frame, Eifel tower, etc…
Triangulation
 Frame structures are most of the time
connected in triangles, because it is very
strong.We call it TRIANGULATION
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It is not the strongest structure.
Support loads, span areas, or both.
Is connected in triangles.
It is a structure that protects or enclose
something, eg. Hat, Shoe box, Coffin, Car,
etc…
Properties of shell structure
 Lighter than frame structure but can support
the same load.
 Bigger weight-to force ratio than frame
structures
 Is hollow.
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This structure is solid and consist of the same
type of material stacked on each other, eg.
Pillar, Brick, concrete slab, candle, iron block,
etc…
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The reason why a lot of buildings or
frameworks break or fail, is because of
choosing the wrong material.
Therefore we need to keep the properties of a
material in mind when we build something.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Elasticity
Plasticity
Ductility
Malleability
Hardness
Stiffness
Flexibility
Toughness
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The ability of a material to regain its original
position after being deformed, e.g.
◦ If you kick a soccer ball it will deform, but it will
regain its original shape again.
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The ability of a material to change its shape
permanently, e.g.
◦ Clay or cool drink cans can be melt or reshaped into
new forms.
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The ability of a material to stretch without
breaking and regain its original shape, e.g.
◦ A rubber can be stretched when you pull on both
sides.
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The ability of a material to be deformed in all
directions without cracking, e.g.
◦ If you press clay in all directions
◦ In the old days they heated steel rods and hit it with
a hammer in all directions to get a sword.
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The ability of a material to withstand
scratching, deforming and wear and tear.
A hard material will scratch a softer material,
e.g.
◦ Diamantes is the hardest material that exists, and it
will scratch other material.
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This is the ability of a material to not bend
when a external force is applied, e.g.
◦ Window frame bars wont bend, because of its
stiffness.
◦ A Straw we use to drink cool drink don’t have a lot
of stiffness and it will bent easily.
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The ability of a material to bend without
breaking, e.g.
◦ Soft plastic ruler can bend a lot.
◦ A golf club and fishing rod also has a good
flexibility.
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The ability of a material to resist breaking,
e.g.
◦ A plate that falls on the ground will break because
of a weak toughness.
◦ Tennis ball will hop on the floor, because of a good
toughness
1.
2.
3.
What is the two classifications of structures?
What is the definition of a frame structure?
Give the 8 properties that can work in on
materials.