Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration
Athletes get the energy they need from the break
down of glucose during cellular respiration.
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1. Where do organisms get energy from?
Organisms get energy from food.
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2. How much energy is present in food?
A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise
the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree
Celsius.
1Calorie =
1 kilocalorie =
1000 calories
(on food
labels)
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Mrs. Kokoszka’s Definition of Calories
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3. How much energy is stored in different macromolecules?
Energy in Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
4,000 calories/gram
Proteins
4,000 calories/gram
Fats
9,000 calories/gram
9,000 cal
4,000 cal
4,000 cal
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4. What types of cells does CR take place in?
Cellular respiration takes place in both ANIMAL
and PLANT cells.
Animal Cells
Animal
Mitochondrion
Plant
Plant Cells
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5. What organelle does CR take place in?
The MITOCHONDRIA is where cellular respiration takes place.
Outer membrane
Intermembrane
space
Inner
membrane
Mitochondrion
Matrix
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6. Key Facts about Cellular Respiration

Food is required.

The food is GLUCOSE (C6H12O6).

Glucose is broken down into ENERGY.

The energy made is in the form of ATP.
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7. The equation for cellular respiration is:
In symbols:
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
In words:
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy
(ATP)
What are the reactants? ___________ and __________
What are the products? _________ and ________ and
____________
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Overview of Cellular Respiration
8. What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process that
releases energy from food in the
presence of oxygen.
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9. Cellular Respiration occurs in
3 stages:
1. Glycolysis
2.Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
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10. Anaerobic vs. Aerobic
 ANAEROBIC (“without air”) – no oxygen
required
•GLYCOLYSIS
 AEROBIC (“in air”) - oxygen required
•KREBS CYCLE (CITRIC ACID CYCLE)
•ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
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11. Glycolysis [stage 1]
 means “ sugar-breaking"
 1 molecule of glucose,
a 6-carbon compound,
is split into 2 molecules of
pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound
 Occurs in the cytoplasm of cells
 O2 not required (anaerobic)
 NADH produced (for ETC)
 Net gain = 2 ATPs
2 ATPs
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12. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) [stage 2]
 pyruvic acid is broken down into
carbon dioxide in a series of
energy-extracting reactions
 occurs in the matrix of the
mitochondria
 O2 required (aerobic)
 NADH and FADH₂ produced (for ETC)
 CO₂ produced
 Net gain = 2 2ATPs
ATPs
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13. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) [stage3]
 uses the high-energy electrons from
glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert
ADP into ATP
 occurs in the inner membrane of the
mitochondria
 O₂ required (aerobic)
 water formed
32ATPs
ATPs
 Net gain = 32
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Energy Totals
2 ATPs
2 ATPs
32 ATPs
36 ATPs
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products
reactants
Insert 1 Glucose
GLYCOLYSIS
-
2 energy
tokens
glucose
GLYCOLYSIS
2 NADH
(ATP)
glucose derivatives
carbon dioxide
2 NADH
-
2 ATP
2 energy
tokens
--
KREBS
CYCLE
6 NADH
KREBS
CYCLE
2 FADH2
-
carbon
dioxide
2 ATP
32 energy
tokens
-
ELECTRON
TRANSPORT
CHAIN
ELECTRON
TRANSPORT
CHAIN
Oxygen
32 ATP
Water
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An Overview of Cellular Respiration
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried
in NADH and
FADH2
Pyruvic
acid
Glucose
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
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F
Fermentation
 What happens when oxygen is not present?
 Fermentation takes place after gylcolysis.
 NO KREB CYCLE OR ETC!!!!
Fermentation releases energy from food
molecules by producing ATP in the absence of
oxygen.
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15.What are the two main types of
fermentation?
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
2. Alcoholic Fermentation
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FERMENTATION
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FERMENTATION
LACTIC ACID
ALCOHOLIC
Glucose
Glucose
Pyruvic Acid
Pyruvic Acid
Lactic Acid + 2ATP
Alcohol + 2ATP + CO2
Occurs in bacteria, in
muscles
Used to produce cheese,
yogurt, sour cream, pickles
Occurs in yeast
Used to bake bread,
produce beer, wine,
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An Overview of Cellular Respiration
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried
in NADH and
FADH2
Pyruvic
acid
Glucose
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
2
2
32
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Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Removes CO₂ from atmosphere
Releases CO₂ into atmosphere
Releases O₂ into atmosphere
Removes O₂ from atmosphere to
release energy from food
Occurs only in: plants, algae,
some bacteria, protists
Occurs in: animals, plants, fungi,
protists , most bacteria
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9-1
Click to Launch:
Continue to:
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9-1
The raw materials required for cellular
respiration are
a. carbon dioxide and oxygen.
b. glucose and water.
c. glucose and oxygen.
d. carbon dioxide and water.
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Glycolysis occurs in the
a. mitochondria.
b. cytoplasm.
c. nucleus.
d. chloroplasts.
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The net gain of ATP molecules after glycolysis is
a. 3 ATP molecules.
b. 2 ATP molecules.
c. 3 pyruvic acid molecules.
d. 4 pyruvic acid molecules.
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Fermentation releases energy from food
molecules in the absence of
a. oxygen.
b. glucose.
c. NADH.
d. alcohol.
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9-1
The first step in fermentation is always
a. lactic acid production.
b. the Krebs cycle.
c. glycolysis.
d. alcohol production.
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