Topic: Cell Growth and
Reproduction
Name:
Date:
Cell Size and Limitations
What limits cell size?
1.
-slow diffusion rate = need for small cell size
2.
- protein production limits how large cells can be
3.
- plasma membrane would not have enough surface area for oxygen, nutrients, and
waste to diffuse
Why is cell reproduction
necessary?
Cell Reproduction
1. To maintain a proper__________________________________________________
during growth
2. To ________________________________________________________________
example: replacement of ______________________________ that die and are sloughed
off
Chromosomes
What is a chromosome?
Structues in the _______________________ of cells that ___________________________
That is copied and passed on from ______________________________________________
Chroma =
Soma =
- dark__________________________________
- visible____________________________________________________________________
What does a chromosome
look like?
During the majority of a cell’s life, chromosomes exist as __________________________
- long strands of _____________________ wrapped around proteins called
___________________________________
As the nucleus starts to ___________________________, chromatin _________________
and becomes ________________________________________
The CELL CYCLE
- sequence of growth and division of a cell
What are the 2 periods?
1.
2.
What are the phases?
1.
2.
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
Interphase
What are the 3 parts to
interphase?
The majority of the cell’s life is spent in ____________________________.
1. G1: Cell ________________________ and ________________________ production
2. S: __________________ Synthesis
3. G2: shorter _____________________________
- mitochondria and other organelles are manufactured and cell parts needed for cell
division are assembled
MITOSIS
Prophase
-
1st and longest phase of mitosis
-
___________________________ coils and becomes visible chromosomes
-
nuclear _____________________ starts to disappear
- in animal cells, ______________________ migrate to opposite ends of the cell (no
centrioles in plants)
- _______________________ begins to form
Metaphase
-
short phase
-
chromosomes attach to spindle fibers
-
chromosomes are pulled by ____________________________ and begin to line up at
midline _____________________________
- important for each cell to receive an identical set of chromosomes
Anaphase
-separation of sister chromatids
- ____________________________ split apart
- chromatids pulled apart by shortening of the microtubules in the spindle fibers
- _________________________________________ pulled toward opposite poles of
the cell
Telophase
- final phase of mitosis
- chromatids reach opposite ends of cell
- chromosomes _____________________________________
- ___________________________ breaks down
- nucleolus reappears
- new _______________________________________ forms around new set of
chromosomes
- a new double membrane forms between the two new nuclei
CYTOKINESIS
-process where ______________________ divides
Cytokinesis in animal cells:
Cytokinesis in plant cells
- cell membrane _______________________ in to divide cell
-
_____________________ is formed until separation is complete
Control of the Cell Cycle
What controls the cell
cycle?
What happens when the
cell cycle cannot be
controlled?
The cell cycle is controlled by __________________________
Uncontrolled dividing of cells can result from
1.
2.
The result of uncontrolled cell growth is _________________________
- a malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division
What are some causes of
cancer?
1.
ex: pollution, toxins
2.
- lung cancer
3.
- skin cancer
4.
- HPV (human papilloma virus) -> cervical cancer
How can we prevent
cancer?
Healthy Lifestyle!
1. diets
- colon, breast and prostate cancer prevention
2. vitamins and minerals
- vitamins A,C , E and calcium
3.
3.
4.
Reflection/Summary:
Questions you may still
have regarding the
material learned:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Answers :