Appendix 1
Studies to implement guidelines at hospitals
Author
Year
Type Setting Target
Comparison
Anonymous[66]
1996
cba
mixed
1
Number
of
patients
271
Intervention strategy
treatment
control
group
group
ma re co mm
ma re
Post intervention
%
%
treatment control
88
81
2
357
ma re ol mm or
-
37
35
3
1
2
Hypertension treatment
1
Reduction of radiography ankle 1
injuries
Measurement of occular
1
pressure
Cervical smear done
2
Influenza vaccinations
1
Fecal occult blood testing
2
Recoding smoking status
3
Influenza vaccinations
1
Mammography
1
Treatment of depression
1
Reduction of x ray pelvimetry
1
10 preventive health measures 1
Influenza vaccinations
1
Stop smoking treatment
1
2
3
Urethral catheterisation
1
300
798
855
2157
2218
ma re co mm or
ma me re fb or
ma me re or
ma me fb ol or
ma me re
-
84
49
55
7,20
76
71
51
51
4,70
99
361
re pm mm
-
17,20
11,20
396
551
547
674
535
4612
175
249500
200
872
710
710
710
16959
re mm
me re
re pm
mm or
ma me fb
me re mm fi
ma re pm or
ma me fb
re
me re ma me re fi
ma me re pm
ma me re
ma me re fi pm
re
me mm fi
me
me
ma me
ma me
ma me
-
23,10
40
18
73
62
53
23
1,06
52
36
58
75
61
8,60
18,40
42
17
28
59
41
22
3,64
39
4
2
41
27
7,80
127
70
64
66
17852
17852
17852
17852
ma fb
ma me re pm
re pm
ma me
ma re or
ma fb
ma re
ma rp or
ma
me
me
me
-
76
58
36
24
10
13,30
20
18,90
51,60
25
25
25
21,10
21,10
21,10
21,10
Treatment of benign prostatic
hyplasia
History taken according to
score form
Urinalysis
Prophylaxis for trombolism
Anderson[29]
1994
rct
in
Aucott [38]
Auleley[64]
1996
1997
rct
rct
out
mixed
Becker [55]
1989
rct
out
Belcher [58]
1990
rct
out
Brady [61]
Burack [69]
Callahan [52]
Chassin[67]
Cheney [39]
Cohen [40]
Cohen [41]
1988
1994
1994
1986
1987
1982
1987
rct
rct
rct
rct
rct
rct
rct
out
mixed
out
mixed
out
out
out
Danchaivijitr
[34]
Dranitsaris[33]
Evans [70]
1992
rct
in
1995
1996
rct
rct
in
mixed
Oncology, treatment
Treatment of
hypercholesterolaemie
Fowkes [24]
1986
Cba
in
Reduction of preoperative
chest X ray
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
1
Author
Year
Type Setting Target
Comparison
Girotti [35]
Gonzalez [60]
Hay[17]
Headrick [57]
1990
1989
1997
1992
cba
rct
cct
rct
in
out
in
out
Herman [45]
1994
rct
out
Hopkins [62]
1980
cct
mixed
Lee [65]
1995
cct
mixed
Leviton[19]
1999
rct
in
Litzelman[42]
Lomas[32]
1993
1991
rct
rct
out
in
MacCosbe[36]
Marton[53]
1985
1985
rct
rct
in
out
McDonald[43]
McDonald [51]
Nattinger [48]
1984
1976
1989
rct
rct
cba
out
out
out
Antibiotic prescribing
Preventive stool tests
Guidelines on length of stay
Compliance to cholesterol
guidelines
Pneumococcal vaccination
Influenza vaccination
Reduction of secondary
operation
Reducion of admission to
coronary care unit
Prescribing antenatal
corticosteroids
Diabetes referral to podiatrist
Vaginal birth after previous
cesarean section
Antibiotic treatment
Reduction of glucose test
ordering
Reduction of digoxin test
ordering
Reduction of digoxin test
ordering
Child care, recording history
Diabetes self monitoring
guidelines
Diabetes guidelines on oral
drugs
Guidelines on preventive care
Guidelines on test ordering
Mammography
Nilasena [49]
Overhage [31]
Overhage [18]
Robie [47]
Robinson [25]
1995
1996
1997
1988
1996
rct
rct
rct
cba
cba
out
in
in
out
in
Diabetes guidelines
Preventive care actions
Following corollary orders
Preventive stool tests
Trombolytic therapy
Mayefski[46]
Mazzuca[54]
1993
1990
rct
cba
out
out
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
Number
of
patients
420
159
209
161
146
599
577
603
Intervention strategy
treatment
control
group
group
re
ma
re
re
me re pm
me
me re
me
ma me pm rp
ma me
ma me pm
ma me
ma me
-
Post intervention
%
%
treatment control
78
18
74
41
70
30
46,80
41,80
50,60
41,80
21,60
3,40
5,10
3,40
9
19
1
1921
re
-
10
10
1
3149
ma
69,40
57,40
1
1
2
1
1
5407
2834
2499
339
246
ma me re fb or ol
co
re
ma me ol
fb co
fb rp
ma me fb
re
ma
ma
-
54
25,30
11,80
78
36
47
14,50
14,50
10
45
2
232
fb
-
7
14
3
234
ma me
-
9
14
1
1
1174
728
fb
ma me re or
ma me
73
14
60
6
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
96
96
12466
226
379
356
164
1622
2080
62
222
ma me re or
ma me re
re
re
fb
re pm
me re
re
ma re
me re
ma fb co
ma me
ma me
me
ma
-
26
24
49
36,90
61,80
54,30
54,90
23
50,40
40
86
20
20
29
11,20
29,20
29,20
51
24
29
46
68
2
Author
Year
Type Setting Target
Rogers [56]
1982
rct
out
Safran [59]
Sommers [30]
1995
1984
rct
rtc
out
in
Soumerai [26]
1998
rct
in
Soumerai [28]
1993
rct
in
Struewing [37]
1991
cct
out
Szilagyi [68]
1996
rct
mixed
Thomas [44]
Vissers [63]
1983
1996
rct
rct
out
mixed
Weingarten[20]
1994
cct
in
Weingarten [21]
Weingarten [23]
1994
1996
cct
cct
in
in
Wirtschafter[27]
1986
rct
in
Zenni [50]
1996
rct
out
Hypertension, omitting
potassium test
Guideline on blood testing
Management of anemia
Treatment of myocardial
infarction
Guidelines on blood
transfusion
Cancer screening by
sigmoidoscopy
Cancer screening by rectal
examination
Guidelines on immunizations
Guidelines on ambulatory care
Guidelines on treatment
behaviour
Guidelines on congestive heart
failure
Guidelines on chest pain
Guidelines on treatment of
pneumonia
Neonatal chest X rays
Monitoring of infant blood
pressure
Guidelines on childhood
development
Comparison
2
3
4
1
Number
of
patients
200
173
188
479
Intervention strategy
treatment
control
group
group
ma re fb
ma re fb
ma fb
re
-
Post intervention
%
%
treatment control
93
68
95
68
77
68
6,10
14,10
1
1
2
1
389
256
248
1117
re
fb co
fb
ma me ol rp
ma
89
26
51
80
74
35
35
78
1
786
ma me ou
-
43
32
1
339
me re rp or
-
4,70
3,20
2
339
me re rp or
-
68,80
75,40
1
2
1
1
868
911
185
233
re
re pm
re
ma re
pm
ma
68
60
50,25
49
65
62
37,30
30
1
90
re
-
33
25
1
1
375
146
re
re
-
69
76
50
64
1
2
340
340
ma me
ma me
ma
ma
49
2
40
7
1
140
re
-
48
31
cba: controlled before and after study, rct: randomised controlled trial, cct: controlled clinical trial,
Intervention or control strategies: ma: educational material, me: educational meeting, re: reminders, fb: feedback, ou: outreach visits, pm: patient mediated, ol:
opinion leader, co: consensus meeting, rp: revision of professional roles, fi: financial, or: organisational.
3