Life Cycle Assessment
of Products and Services to
Assess Sustainability
By ir. Erik L.J. Bohez,
Associate Professor,
Industrial & Manufacturing
Engineering
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What is LCA?
What is Life Cycle of
Product or Service?
What is Sustainability?
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LCA is the report on total effect of
Emissions to the soil, water and air
during the life cycle of the product+
Interpretation+Recommendations
Life Cycle = Extraction+production
+use+disposal (EoL)
How to make the report -> ISO 14043
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How to Do an LCA?
•Collect Data
(Inhouse/Outside)
•Surveys
•Define Scenario’s
•Structure Data and Define
Funtional Unit
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Use LCA software such as
SimaPro
•SimaPro has Methods to
Compute eco-indicators
•SimaPro has LCI Databases
e.g. EcoInvent
•Easy Report/Result Generator
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Data collection
Energy + raw materials
Air Emissions
CO
CO2
N2O
NOx
SOx
VOC
etc..
Unit Process
Solid Emissions
Heavy metals
Sludge
Ash
Waterborne Emissions
BOD
COD
Metals
Suspended particles
etc..
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Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Inventory
Classification
Energy
Characterization
Normalization
Weighting
Greenhouse
xA
xB
Air emissions
Greenhouse
Greenhouse
x NF
xY
Ozone depletion
xA
xB
Ozone depletion
Ozone depletion
x NF
xY
Water emissions
Score
Acidification
xA
xB
Acidification
Acidification
x NF
xY
Eutrophication
xA
xB
Solid waste
Eutrophication
Eutrophication
x NF
xY
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2.Normalization/Weighting more subjective
ISO require 1. Classification/Characterization
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Endpoint Method in Detail (EI99)
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Example of ReCiPe
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INTERPRETATION
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Spoon Comparative LCA with Simapro
PROCESS
Package
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Functional Unit:
Using a Spoon for 10 Year
Reference Flows:
• 8 Al Spoons
• 3 Stainless Steel Spoons
• 15 Ceramic Spoons
• 15 Melamine Spoons
• 10 Wooden Spoons
1 Spoon dishwashed every 2.5 days
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Surveys
•Average Life of each spoon type
-> needed for FU and Reference Flow
•Average number of spoons per person in family
•Average numbers of dishwashes in family
-> 3times a day
•Average dishwashes per spoon every -> 2.5 days
•What is the equivalence between washing a
1 liter bottle and washing a spoon
->1bottle wash is equivalent to 5 spoon washes
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Proxy Process for Cleaning/Dishwashing Spoon
Processes -> Glass -> washing Bottles
If You have a better standard database
You can look under Chemicals
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Now we can compare Al/Ceramic spoon until end of 1 life span
Al spoon 10/8 years ; Ceramic spoon 10/15 years
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We Can also compare 8 Al Spoons with 15
Ceramic spoons (10 year spoon use)
See FU
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Process tree for 1 aluminum spoon until the end of the USE phase
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Process tree for 1 aluminum spoon until the end of the USE phase
With Expanded First level (Click on + sign) to show packaging
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Process tree for 1 Ceramic spoon until the end of the USE phase not all processes
are shown only most impacting – to show click on + signs
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We will now complete the life cycle for the AL spoon and Ceramic spoon
The End Of Life we will consider is Landfilling and Recycling
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We will now complete the life cycle for the AL spoon With the transportation to the landfill
And the Landfill Waste/Disposal from Buwal B250 Standard database in Simapro
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Partial Tree for the complete life cycle of AL spoon with Landfill EOL
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Complete life cycle for the AL spoon with the transportation and the recycled
Waste/Disposal from Buwal B250 Standard database in Simapro
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Partial Tree for the complete life cycle of AL spoon with Recycle EO
Note the “Green Color” bar!!!
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Comparing Al/Ceramic spoon Use over 10 year with Landfill or Recycling EOL
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Comparing Al/Ceramic spoon Use over 10 year with Landfill or Recycling EOL
How to Conclude?!@$%&*
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Thank You For Your
Attention!!
Any Questions??
[email protected]
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