10.23.13
• Opener: ENERGY
– What is energy how do you use and obtain (get)
it?
– Provide an example
I can describe how energy flows within an
ecosystem.
10.24.13
• Make a connection between each term/idea
discussed yesterday.
– Ecosystem, energy, producer, consumer,
decomposer, abiotic factor, biotic factor
– http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/lasci-sn-chimpanzees-yawns-contagious20131017,0,5822254.story#axzz2ia1Vt2kf
Letter Home…
Get a piece of paper from Russell then
take a seat.
• Important assignment reminder:
– Test retakes (or 1st takes) are due next Friday
(11/1)
– Biotechnology Lab was due last Friday
• Only a 50% turn-in rate
An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and
landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts, as well as
abiotic factors, or nonliving parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other organisms. Abiotic
factors include rocks, temperature, and humidity.
Every factor in an ecosystem depends on every other factor, either directly or indirectly. A change in the
temperature of an ecosystem will often affect what plants will grow there, for instance. Animals that
depend on plants for food and shelter will have to adapt to the changes, move to another ecosystem, or
perish.
Ecosystems can be very large or very small. Tide pools, the ponds left by the ocean as the tide goes out,
are complete, tiny ecosystems. Tide pools contain seaweed, a kind of algae, which uses photosynthesis
to create food. Herbivores such as abalone eat the seaweed. Carnivores such as sea stars eat other
animals in the tide pool, such as clams or mussels. Tide pools depend on the changing level of ocean
water. Some organisms, such as seaweed, thrive in an aquatic environment, when the tide is in and the
pool is full. Other organisms, such as hermit crabs, cannot live underwater and depend on the shallow
pools left by low tides. In this way, the biotic parts of the ecosystem depend on abiotic factors.
The whole surface of Earth is a series of connected ecosystems. Ecosystems are often connected in a
larger biome. Biomes are large sections of land, sea, or atmosphere. Forests, ponds, reefs, and tundra
are all types of biomes, for example. They're organized very generally, based on the types of plants and
animals that live in them. Within each forest, each pond, each reef, or each section of tundra, you'll find
many different ecosystems.
The biome of the Sahara Desert, for instance, includes a wide variety of ecosystems. The arid climate
and hot weather characterize the biome. Within the Sahara are oasis ecosystems, which have date palm
trees, freshwater, and animals such as crocodiles. The Sahara also has dune ecosystems, with the
changing landscape determined by the wind. Organisms in these ecosystems, such as snakes or
scorpions, must be able to survive in sand dunes for long periods of time. The Sahara even includes a
marine environment, where the Atlantic Ocean creates cool fogs on the Northwest African coast. Shrubs 5
and animals that feed on small trees, such as goats, live in this Sahara ecosystem.
ABIOTIC
BIOTIC
Identify the biotic/abiotic factors in
the following images
• Our class
ENERGY
PRODUCERS
PRODUCER
CONSUMERS
CONSUMERS
Types of Consumers
• http://my.hrw.com/hssc_2012/hmd_na_bio/n
smedia/visualconcepts/60368.htm
13
Compare them!
• PRODUCER VS. CONSUMERS
• http://my.hrw.com/hssc_2012/hmd_na_bio/n
smedia/visualconcepts/60366.htm
• AUTOTROPH VS. HETEROTROPH
• http://my.hrw.com/hssc_2012/hmd_na_bio/n
smedia/visualconcepts/60014.htm
DECOMPOSER
ENERGY MOVES THROUGH TROPHIC
LEVELS
ENERGY PYRAMID
Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors
• Abiotic = physical (nonliving) aspects of the
environment.
• Example: soil, water,
weather, minerals,
wind, sunlight, air
• Biotic = the living
organisms in a habitat.
• Example: plants,
animals, fungi, bacteria
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Energy
• Organisms use it to do work
• Main source of energy is…..
• Energy is stored in organisms as carbohydrates
and lipids
• ATP  carries energy
19
Energy
• Where does the energy needed for survival
come from?
– biotic or abiotic factors in the habitat.
• How do organisms obtain their energy?
– each organism has a specific way of obtaining
energy depending on their role
• Producer
• Consumer
• Decomposer
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Producers provide energy for other
organisms in an ecosystem
• Producers get their energy from non-living
resources.
– Sun, water, & nutrients
21
Almost all producers obtain energy
from sunlight.
• Photosynthesis in most producers uses
sunlight as energy source.
• Chemosynthesis in prokaryote producers uses
chemicals as energy source.
22
Producer
• Also called autotrophs
because they make their
own food.
• Ex: plants, algae, some bacteria
• Primary energy source – Base of
the pyramid
Producers –
1st Trophic
Level
23
Consumers are organisms that get their
energy by eating other biotic
organisms.
• Consumers are also called heterotrophs
because they feed off of different things.
24
Consumer
• Organisms that
consume/eat plants or other
living things to get energy
necessary to live
• Types:
1. Herbivore = plant eaters
2. Carnivore = animal eaters
3. Omnivore = plant and animal
eaters
Consumer
–
rd
3 Trophic
Level
Consumer –
2nd Trophic
Level
25
Decomposer
Decomposers
• Break down wastes and
dead animals and plants
into minerals and
nutrients
• Recycle minerals back to
the environment
• Ex: Fungi, bacteria,
worms
26
Energy moves through Trophic Levels
• Trophic level is the feeding level that an
organism occupies in a food chain.
Identifying Ecosystems
Marine
• http://education.nationalgeographic.com/edu
cation/topics/marine-ecosystems/?ar_a=1
Woodland
• http://education.nationalgeographic.com/edu
cation/encyclopedia/woodland/?ar_a=1
10.23.13
• Identify the biotic, abiotic, producer, primary
consumer, secondary consumer in the image.
OPENER:
• Turn to p. 286 and answer the critical viewing
question.
– Today:
• Term T-Chart
• Discuss Food Web Activity (food chain song, build food
web)
Review: Types of Consumers
• Consumer(heterotroph)
–
–
–
–
Carnivore: eat only animals
Omnivore: eat both plants and animals
Herbivore: eat only plants
Detritivore: Organisms that eat detritis or dead
organic matter. (millipede)
– Decomposer: detritivores that break down dead
organic matter into simpler compounds. (fungi)
• Producer(autotroph)
– Use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to create their
own food from abiotic factors.
Energy Pyramid
• Energy flows up the
pyramid from sun to
producers to consumers
• Every time you move up,
you lose 90% of the energy
in form of heat.
• This means, only 10% of
the energy can actually be
used.
0.1% - Tertiary
Consumers
1% - Secondary
Consumers
10% - Primary
Consumers
100% - Producers
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33
34
Food Chain
• Food chain = path of how the energy flows
through each trophic level.
– Shows the linear relationships between producer
and consumers.
GRAMA GRASS
DESERT COTTONTAIL
HARRIS’S HAWK
Toad
Grass
35
Food Chain Song
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TE6wqG4
nb3M
36
Food Web
• Complex,
interconnected
group of food
chains that show
how energy is
flowing in an
ecosystem.
• Example: Aquatic
food web
37
Build a Food web
• http://my.hrw.com/hssc_2012/hmd_na_bio/n
smedia/animated/bio_ch13_0421_ab_foodwe
b.swf
38
Cougar
Mice
Caterpillar
Deer
Crow
Squirrel
Corn
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