3.1 Notes: Cell Theory
Key Concept: Cells are the basic unit of life.
Name ________________________________
Date __________________ Period _________
The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.
-_____________________________________ contributed to the cell theory.
-More was learned about cells as ___________________________ improved.
Early studies led to the development of the cell theory.
-The cell theory:
-All organisms are _______________________________________________.
-All cells come from _____________________________________________.
-The cell is the basic unit of ___________________ & _________________ in living things.
All cells share certain characteristics.
-Cells tend to be ______________________________.
-All cells are enclosed by a __________________________.
-All cells are filled with ____________________________.
-All cells have _____________________________.
-All cells have _____________________________.
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.
-Eukaryotic cells:
-Have a ___________________________
-Have membrane-bound ____________________
-Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists
-Prokaryotic cells:
-Do _____ have a _____________________ (still have DNA)
-Do _____ have membrane-bound ____________________
-Archaebacteria & Eubacteria
3.2 Notes: Cell Organelles
Key Concept: Eukaryotic cells have many similarities.
Review from 3.1:
-All cells have:
Cheek (animal) Cell:
-______________________________________
-______________________________________
-______________________________________
-______________________________________
Onion (plant) cell:
Elodea (plant) cell:
1. Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
-Function: ______________________________________________________________________
-Made of: phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol, and steroids
FOUND IN ALL CELLS
2. Cytoplasm
-Function: __________________________________ in place; location of various
____________________ in the cell
Ribosomes
-Organelles: ______________________________ with specific jobs/functions
-Function: ______________________________________
-Found in __________________ or on the _______________________
5. Cell Wall
-Function: ______________________________________, fungal, and bacterial cells
*NOT IN ANIMAL CELLS
4. Nucleus
-Function: ____________________________ of the cell (“________________”)
-Has its own membrane
-Stores DNA(chromosomes)
Nucleolus
-Function: ______________________________ (a nucleic acid)
-Found inside the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
 “_____________________” of the cell – a maze of enclosed spaces
Rough ER
-Helps ______________
_________________
_________________
(headed to the Golgi)
-Ribosomes on surface make it
look _______________
-Proteins made include membrane
& secretory proteins
Smooth ER
-Helps _______________
_____________________
_____________________
-Helps process
__________________ &
____________________
Golgi Body/Apparatus
-Function: ___________________________________________ (proteins from
the rough ER) for the cell to export
-UPS for the cell
Transport of materials
-Vesicle: Small membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the
cytoplasm and ________________________ these materials within the cell.
-Proteins (such as secretory & membrane proteins) made by ______________ on the rough
ER are _____________________________________________________ and sent to the cell
membrane or Golgi Apparatus.
-The Golgi Body processes & sorts the proteins, then packages them
into vesicles for _____________________________________ or secretion
from the cell membrane.
Lysosomes
-Function: Contain enzymes to __________________________________ for the cell
-Not found in plant cells
Mitochondria
-Function: Where ______________________________________ for the cell
-Have a ________________________________________
-Inner membrane (cristae) is ____________________
- this ___________________________________________________ to allow
more energy to be made at a time
-Other structures in the body are like this as well
(___________________________)
6. Plastids
_____________________________________________ organelles
Chloroplast
Chromoplast
-Site of ____________________________ (makes
food)
-_________________________________________
in fruits, roots, etc. (red color in tomatoes)
Vacuoles
-Function: _________________________________________________________
-Plant cells: large and singular
-Animal cells: small and numerous
Cytoskeleton
-Function: helps cell _____________________________________; helps cell ________________;
helps _____________________________________ around inside the cell (like railroad tracks)
Centrioles
-Function: helps with ___________________________
-Only in animal cells
Cilia and Flagella
-Function: Help with ___________________________________
Review
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
-Have ____________________ (DNA)
-Have membrane-bound _________________
(increase the efficiency of functions by confining
them within smaller spaces within the huge cell, or
with communication and movement within the cell.)
-____________ size because of lack of organelles
-___________________________ (still have DNA)
-______________ complex
-______________ complex
-___________________ or ___________________
-_______________________
-______ membrane-bound ____________________
-____________ size because of lack of organelles