Ch 14 Chemical Compounds
Chemical bond – the combining of atoms to form molecules or
compounds
Ionic compounds – compounds that contain ionic bonds; a compound
made of oppositely charged ions
• Can be formed by reaction of metal with nonmetal
• metal ions become positively charged ions when electrons are
transferred from metal atom to nonmetal atom
• Nonmetals become negatively charged ions
• Na+Cl-
Ch 14 Chemical Compounds
Covalent compound – chemical compound formed by the sharing of
electrons
• Weaker attractive force than ionic bonds
• Group of atoms that make up a covalent compound is a molecule
• molecule – smallest particle into which a covalently bonded
compound can be divided and still be the same compound
Organic compound – covalent compounds composed of carbon-based
molecules; a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon
• Fuel, rubbing alcohol, sugar
Ch 14 Organic Compounds
Hydrocarbons – organic
compounds composed only of
carbon and hydrogen
Carbohydrate – biochemicals
composed of one or more simple
sugar molecules bonded together;
a class of energy-giving nutrients
that includes sugars, starches, and
fiber
• Also called “sugars”
• Provide immediate energy
• Stores energy
• Glycogen in animals
• Starch in plants
• Cellulose – plant structure
• Foods like sweets, pasta
• Monosaccharides,
polysaccharides
• End in “ose”
Carbohydrates
Ch 14 Organic Compounds
Lipid – a type of biomolecule that
does not dissolve in water; fats
and steroids are lipids
• Fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol
• Store excess energy in the body
• Animals store energy as fats
• Plants store energy as oils
• Make up cell membranes
• Stores some vitamins
• Insulates the body
• Nonpolar – insoluble in water
Lipids
Triglycerides – glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids
Ch 14 Organic Compounds
Protein – a molecule that is made
up of amino acids and that is
needed to build and repair body
structures and to regulate
processes in the body
• “building blocks” of the body
• Form hair, skin, muscle, etc
• Collagen and keratin
• Enzymes - speed up chemical
reactions
• Catalysts – regulate chemical
reactions in body
• Made by ribosomes in cells
• Made of a polypeptide chain
• Insulin, hemoglobin, membrane
proteins
Proteins
Ch 14 Organic Compounds
Nucleic Acid – a molecule made
up of subunits called nucleotides;
largest molecules made by living
cells
• Found in nucleus of cell
• Made up of DNA and RNA
• DNA codes for them
• Ribose sugar and deoxyribose
sugar
• Genes make up chromosome
• Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
(adenine, guanine, cytosine,
uracil)
Nucleic Acids