Compendium
Scrubbing Agents
Purpose
Demands
Development
Latest
Generation
Evaluation
Scrubbing Agents - Purpose & Demands
Not only efficiency, but also a
number of other criteria is a
demand on scrubbing agents.
Purpose of Scrubbing Agents
u The purpose of scrubbing agents is to loosen dirt.
u They support the effect of surfactants and detergents physically.
What are the Demands on Scrubbing Agents?
u efficiency,; the dirt is supposed to be loosened
u best possible skin compatibility
- least abrasive effect as possible
- free from skin-irritating ingredients
u environmental compatibility
- during manufacture
- source of raw material
- power demand
- water contamination
- waste generation
- during disposal
- in sewage plants
- in nature
u no or minor limitations for product formulation
2
Development of Scrubbing Agents
Development of Scrubbing Agents
u Sand until the 1960‘s
- high abrasive effect
- blocked drains
- allergic ingredients
- restrictions for formulations
Due to increasing demands, the
development of scrubbing agents
is expedited steadily.
u PE and PU from the 1970‘s up to now
- very good properties
- biodegradability is restricted, no problem in sewage plants
u Walnut from the 1990‘s up to now
- hard, high abrasive effect
- bleaching due to high allergy potential
- In case of drying, this bleaching is very harmful to the
environment and wastes energy.
u Maize Flour from the 1990‘s up to now
- A special procedure of bleaching, patented by Peter Greven,
is much more acceptable to the environment.
u Dirt-Removing Agent Wax (hydrogenated castor oil)
= latest generation of scrubbing agents
- soft, almost no abrasive effect
- additional caring effect due to the wax
- patented technology
3
The Latest Generation:
Dirt-Removing Agents Made of Wax
The latest generation based
on wax is called dirt-removing
agent, since the cleansing
effect is no longer obtained
mechanically by abrasion on the
skin, but due to the lipophilic
properties of the wax.
The Latest Generation:
Dirt-Removing Agents Made of Wax
Dirt-removing agents made of wax do not support the cleansing effect
of the surfactant combination by mechanical abrasion as conventionally
scrubbers would do, but by their polar surface structure which is able to
bind greasy dirt particles. Waxes (e.g. beeswax, jojoba oil or shea butter)
are preferentially used in skin care products because of their skin
smoothing effect.
The first dirt-removing agent of this generation available on the market is
Active Soft Pearls® (ASP) by Peter Greven Physioderm (PGP). The patented
wax pearls consist of hydrogenated castor oil. The results of an in-vitro
measurement realized at Clausthal University of Technology show a
highly significant difference with regard to the abrasion effect of
conventional scrubbing agents and Active Soft Pearls®. In the course of
the standardized test method (Miller Test / ASTM G75-01), walnut shell
powder had an abrasion effect which was 19-fold stronger than the
abrasion effect of Active Soft Pearls® .
The Abrasion Effect of Active Soft Pearls® in Comparison to
Walnut Shell Powder, Maize Cob Powder and PE Powder
7,60
Medial weight reduction in mg
8,00
7,00
6,37
19-fold
abrasion
6,00
5,00
5,43
16-fold
abrasion
4,00
3,00
2,00
1,00
13-fold
abrasion
0,40
0,00
Active Soft Pearls ®
Walnut Shell Powder
(bleached)
Maize Cob Powder
(bleached)
PE Powder
(plastic scrubbing agent)
* Measurement according to the Miller test (ASTM G75-01) realized at Clausthal Univerity of Technology; Testing period t = 10 Min.
With the help of the electron microscope one can easily recognize the
different surface structure of Active Soft Pearls® (ASP) in contrast to the
ones of conventional scrubbing agents (left side from top to bottom:
Active Soft Pearls® (ASP), Walnut shell powder, PE powder, sand).
4
Evaluation of Scrubbing
Agents
Evaluation of Scrubbing Agents
Criterion
Sand
Wood
Plastics
good
(dependent on
hardness)
Skin
Compatibilty
bad because of
abrasion
allergenic if
untreated
Abrasion
very high
low
medium –
high
Allergic
Ingredients
none
untreated
not known
Environmental
Compatibility
good
very good
good –
medium
Production
very good
good if
untreated
very good
Disposal
very good
(but drains clog)
good – very
good
good if
sewage plant
available
Restrictions in
Product
Formulation
not known
danger of
contamination if
untreated
none
Criterion
Walnut
Maize Cob
Wax (ASP)
Skin
Compatibility
allergenic if
untreated
very good
very good
Abrasion
medium – high
low
almost none
Allergic
Ingredients
multitude of
walnut allergies
low
not known
Environmental
Compatibility
good – medium
if treated
good –
very good
good –
very good
Production
very energyintensive drying
Greven-method
is very energysaving
good –
very good
Disposal
good –
very good
good –
very good
good –
very good
Restrictions in
Product
Formulation
yes
yes
yes
The dirt-removing agent
Active Soft Pearls® (ASP) combine
very good cleansing effect and
excellent skin compatibility at the
same time.
5
04/2015
Peter Greven Physioderm GmbH
Procter-&-Gamble-Straße 26
D-53881 Euskirchen
Phone: +49 (0)2251 77617-0
Fax: +49 (0)2251 77617-44
[email protected]
www.pgp-skincare.com