INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS HEAT
TECHNOLOGIES
Solar Process Heat and Concentrated Solar Power: Profitable technology
for large-scale demand
Berlin Energy Transition Dialogue 2017
Pedro Horta
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy
Systems ISE
22nd March 2017
www.ise.fraunhofer.de
© Fraunhofer ISE
Potential
Heat for Industrial
Processes
 Thermally driven processes present the largest share of final energy use in
Industry: Worldwide, 45% of heat is used in Industry [1]
2
[1] Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 - Pathways to a Clean Energy System, Int. Energy Agency (2012)
© Fraunhofer ISE
Sectors
Heat for Industrial
Processes
 Heat related Final Energy Consumption (FEC) in Industry [2] comparable to
Transport or Building sectors. Distribution: EI 54%, Non-EI 46%
3
[2] Adapted from IEA - International Energy Agency (2014). Statistics: Energy Balance Flows. http://www.iea.org/statistics/
© Fraunhofer ISE
Temperature levels
Heat for Industrial
Processes
 Heat requirements in Industry occur at different temperature levels in different
sectors [3]:
~ 50% HT; ~ 50% MT + LT
EI sectors
HT (>400°C)
42,5 EJ
LT (<150°C)
24,5 EJ
Non-EI
EI
MT (150°c-400°C)
18,1 EJ
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[3] International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), calculations by Deger Saygin based on IEA source [2] (2014)
© Fraunhofer ISE
Technology vs. Temperature
Solar
Technologies
 The efficiency of a solar collector depends on incidence dependent optical
losses and on operating temperature dependent thermal losses
LT / stationary collectors:
h
•
•
Higher optical efficiency
Higher thermal losses
T
MT / tracking collectors:
•
•
5
© Fraunhofer ISE
Lower optical efficiency
Lower thermal losses
Stationary collectors
Solar
Technologies
 Stationary collectors present lower O&M requirements and system costs.
Operation temperature limited to LT (T<150°C)
[3]
Evacuated Tube collectors:
•
•
•
•
•
•
common temperature range of 50°C – 130°C
row of parallel vacuum glass tubes
absence of air highly reduces convection losses
2 categories of ETC:
Direct flow principle
Heat pipes principle (as in figure)
Flat Plate collectors:
•
•
•
•
•
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common temperature range of 30°C – 100°C
absorber tubes through which working fluid flows
covered by absorber sheet and a transparent cover.
absorber coating converts solar irradiation into heat
transferred to the working fluid in the tubes
usual working fluid is water/glycol mixture
little maintenance and relatively cheap
[4] gef, UNEP, ome; Technical Study report on SHIP, State of the art in the Mediterranean region
© Fraunhofer ISE
[3]
Tracking collectors
Solar
Technologies
 Tracking collectors are more demanding in terms of O&M and costs.
Yet operation temperatures cover the whole range of MT (T<400°C)
[4]
Linear Fresnel:
•
•
•
•
v
•
•
[4]
temperature range of 150°C – 400°C
Line-focusing system (one-axis tracking)
approx. parabolic trough by segmented
mirrors: principle of Fresnel
Easier installation in flat rooftops (weight
distrib., lower aerodyn. loads)
Reflector: curved glass mirror or aluminium
sheet
Usual HTF: Water/Steam or thermal oil
Parabolic Trough:
•
•
•
•
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temperature range of 150°C – 400°C
Line-focusing system (one-axis
tracking)
Reflector: curved glass mirror or
aluminium sheet
Usual HTF: Water/Steam or thermal
oil
Parabolic Dish:
•
•
[4]
[4] Adapted from SolarPaces.org, 2016), http://www.solarpaces.org/csp-technology/csp-technology-general-information
© Fraunhofer ISE
•
•
common temperature range of
250°C – >400°C
Point-focusing system (2-axis
tracking)
Moving (modular) receiver
Potential for higher
temperatures
Technology vs. Temperature
Solar
Technologies
 Solar collector technology vs. required process temperature
8
© Fraunhofer ISE
Technology vs. Integration point
Solar Integration
 Less resistance to integration at supply level. Lower temperatures in
integration at process level
15°C-30°C
80°C-120°C
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© Fraunhofer ISE
110°C-130°C
50°C-90°C
160°C-180°C
P3
50°C
P2
80°C
P1
160°C
Existing projects
Market
penetration
 SHIP systems database [5]: 213 projects listed, 129 MWth installed capacity
(0.18 million m2)  < 1% installed solar thermal capacity
[5]
11
[6]
•
Mostly small/medium size systems (<500 m2)
•
Largest capacity in large systems (>1000 m2)
•
Stationary technologies dominate in nr. systems and
capacity
•
Recent survey [6] points out > 500 SHIP
systems with total installed capacity > 280
MWth (0.4 million m2)
[5] AEE-INTEC, 2013. Database for applications of solar heat integration in industrial processes. http://ship-plants.info/ (2013-2016).
Accessed February 2017
[6] SOLRICO,
© Fraunhofer
ISE Bärbel Epp, 2017. Solar Process Heat: Surprisingly popular. Sun&Wind Energy. http://www.sunwindenergy.com/topic-of-themonth/solar-process-heat-surprisingly-popular (online 14.02.2017)
Existing projects
Examples
 Stationary technologies
Copper mine “Gabriela Mistral”, Chile
Flat Plate
Aperture: 43,920 m2
Application/End Use:
Process water and electrolyte heating
Oper. Temp.: 50°C
Commissioning : 2015
© Arcon-Sunmark
Textile Jiangsu Yitong, China
Evacuated Tube
Aperture: 9,000 m2
Application: process pre-heating
Oper. Temp.: 50°C
Commissioning : 2011
[7]
© Sunrain Co. Ltd
Currently largest plant in the world
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[7] Arcon-Sunmark, 2015. http://arcon-sunmark.com/cases/codelco-minera-gaby-chile
[8] http://ship-plants.info/solar-thermal-plants/140-jiangsu-printing-and-dyeing-china?collector_type=4&country=China
© Fraunhofer ISE
[8]
Existing projects
Examples
 Tracking technologies
Services MTN Johanesburg, S.Africa
Linear Fresnel
Aperture: 396 m2
Application/End Use: Air conditioning
Oper. Temp.: 180°C
Commissioning : 2014
© Industrial Solar
13
Dairy El Indio, Mexico
Parabolic Trough
Aperture: 132 m2
Application: Make-up water pre-heating
Oper. Temp.: 95°C
Commissioning : 2012
[9]
© Inventive Power S.A. de C.V.
[9] http://www.industrial-solar.de/content/en/referenzen/fresnel-kollektor/
[10] http://ship-plants.info/solar-thermal-plants/155-dairy-plant-el-indio-mexico?collector_type=5
© Fraunhofer ISE
[10]
Existing projects
Examples
 Upcoming
Amal Solar EOR Pilot Project, Oman
Parabolic Trough in greenhouse
Thermal Power: 1 GWth
Production: 6 ton steam / day
© Industrial Solar
14
© Petroleum Development Oman.
[11] MIT, 2016. Technology Review, Arab Edition. http://technologyreview.me/en/energy/oman-explores-solar-powered-oil-recovery/
© Fraunhofer ISE
[11]
Challenges
Technology and
competitiveness
 Competitiveness
 Technology
 Central receiver  HT processes (EI sectors)
 Technology cost reductions
 Process level integrations  process
intensification
 Optimized integration with waste heat and
alternative technologies
 Supply level integration  Balance of Plant
 Switch from Payback to NPV on investment
appraisal
 Available area  building integration,
compact optical designs
 Hedging against volatile energy prices
 Hybridization  combination with EE, heat
pumps, biomass/biogas, power-to-heat
 Contracting models  PPA duration, residual
value
 Durability  industrial environment
conditions / requirements
 COP21 emmission goals
[15]
[12]
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[13]
[14]
[12] SolarPACES IEA, http://www.solarpaces.org/
[13] SHC/IEA Task 49, http://task49.iea-shc.org/
[14] INSHIP
© Fraunhofer
ISE ECRIA, H2020 GA 731287, http://inship.eu/index.php
[16]
{15] IKI Solar Payback, BSW Solar / BMBU
[16] FROnT, H2020, http://www.front-rhc.eu/
[17] SHC/IEA Task 54, http://task54.iea-shc.org/
[18] TrustEE, H2020 GA 696140, http://www.trust-ee.eu/
[17]
[18]
Thank you for your attention!
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
Pedro Horta
www.ise.fraunhofer.de
[email protected]
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© Fraunhofer ISE