Lecture 7c 21 October 2016
ADEK
ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT
carriers for both absorption and transport
transport-lipoproteins in the blood
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
Vitamins do not fit into functional foods as per
definition of functional foods since vitamins have
“basic nutritional functions”
“A functional food is similar in appearance to, or may
be, a conventional food, is consumed as part of a usual
diet, and is demonstrated to have physiological
benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease
beyond basic nutritional functions” Health Canada
Is the first statement correct?
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
supplementation only if diet does not supply enough or have
secondary nutrient deficiencies that diet will not overcome
e.g. -Vitamin K
Elderly-low dietary intake of vitamin K, green leafy veggies
deficit
Elderly-antibiotic therapy often depletes Vitamin K producing
bacteria
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
CONTINUED
required if supplements apparently help with a particular
disease
however!-toxicity- especially with fat soluble vitamins
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
HEART DISEASE
beta-carotene, vitamin E are antioxidants
LDL’s content of beta-carotene and vitamin E dictate
oxidation of LDL
vitamin E - high (non-toxic) doses give decreased
platelet function
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
CONTINUED
DIABETES
Beta-carotene, vitamin E are depleted in diabetes and
this is believed to enhance low density lipoprotein
oxidation which encourages atherosclerosis
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
CONTINUED
CANCER
Oxidation of e.g. DNA contributes to cancer
and beta-carotene, vitamin E combats this oxidation
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
CONTINUED
OSTEOPOROSIS
Vitamin D and calcium supplements often given to elderly to
overcome hormonally induced bone loss
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
CONTINUED
Coeliac disease
irritation of small intestine with gluten (a protein part of some
grains) –immune response-inflammation-malabsorption
Solutions
a)eliminate –wheat, oats, barley and rye all of which contain
gluten
b) ADEK- supplement until heal(via gluten free and/or drugs)
Vitamins as nutraceuticals continued
Burn patients
regular diet a problem
vitamin A-important for skin and immune function
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
CONTINUED
SMOKERS
antioxidants –beta carotene and vitamin E
-hypothesized to combat oxidising
agents found in smoke
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
CONTINUED
PULMONARY DISEASE
Anti-oxidant vitamins-Beta-carotene and E if not
sufficient in diet cause increased oxidation due to their
antioxidant role
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
CONTINUED
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
fat soluble vitamins inadequately absorbed
Vitamins ADEK supplementation via intravenous if
necessary (pancreatic function is not able to work in this
disease)
WHAT IS NEW IN FAT SOLUBLE
VITAMIN RESEARCH ?
Veronica Mocanu and Reinhold Vieth Three-year followup of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone,
and bone mineral density in nursing home residents who
had received 12 months of daily bread fortification with
125 mg of vitamin D3 Nutrition Journal 2013 12:137
“Once the need for vitamin D has been established, based
on a low baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations, the
appropriate action is to maintain corrective vitamin D
supplementation over the long term”