Visual Programming
by
Muhammad Bilal Zafar (AP)
Visual Programming
 Programming in which more than one dimensions is used to
convey semantics.
 Diagrams, icons or demonstration of actions performed by graphical
objects.
 It is a methodology in which development allows
programmers to grab and use of ingredients like menus,
buttons, controls and other graphic elements from a tool box.
3
Course Description
 Introduces key skills of problem solving and visual computer
programming, including the elementary programming
concepts.
 Covers the fundamentals & details of following
 Visual language
 Iconic and symbolic representations
 Debugging techniques
 Semantics and pragmatics of desktop applications
 Web programming
4
Course Description..
 Flow of course would be like this
 Fundamentals of OOP.
 Console based applications using Visual C++.
 CLR based programming using Visual C++.
 Desktop based applications using MFC and CLR.
and in the last part we will see
 Visual ASP.NET for web based applications.
5
Course Objectives
 On completion of this course students will have the ability to
comprehend
 Concepts of OOP
 .NET Framework
 Visual C++
 ASP.net & C#
6
Course Objectives..
 Comprehend a programming problem and design a
solution.
 Code a solution to a problem for both desktop and web
based applications using visual tools.
7
Recommended Books
 IVOR HORTON’S BEGINNING VISUAL C++ 2010,
by Ivor Horton
 ASP.NET 4 24-HOUR TRAINER
by Toe.B Right
8
Reference Books / Readings
 OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN C++,
4th Edition by Robert Lefore
 BEGINNING ASP.NET 4: IN C# AND VB
by Imar Spaanjaars
 For Online Library help
 http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.aspx
9
Course Prerequisites
 The student is expected to somehow familiar with the
programming languages and operating systems concepts.
10
Assessment & Grading
1
Quiz 1
Due after Lecture
No.
5
2
Quiz 2
22
5%
3
Assignment 1
10
10%
4
Assignment 2
26
10%
5
Midterm Exam
18
20%
6
Final Exam
32
50%
Exam No
Exam Type
Marks scheme:



11
Quizzes + assignments = 30%
Mid Term Exam = 20%
Final = 50%
Total Marks
5%
Programming Languages
 Programming language is an artificial language designed to
communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a
computer.
 It can be used to create instruction sets (programs) that can
control the behavior of a machine.
13
Programming Languages..
 Mainly PL has comprised of two components
 Syntax
 Semantic
14
Syntax
 Set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are
considered to be correctly structured in that language.
 Computer language syntax is generally distinguished into
three levels:
 Words
 Phrases
 Context
15
Semantics
 Semantics is the field concerned with the rigorous
mathematical study of the meaning of programming
languages.
 It does so by evaluating the meaning of syntactically legal
strings defined by a specific programming language.
 Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when
executing a program in programming language.
16
Programming Languages
 Generally we can divide the programming languages into two
main categories.
 High Level Languages
 Low Level Languages
17
Types of Languages..
 High Level Languages
 A language that supports system development at a high level of
Abstraction thereby freeing the developer from keeping lots of details
that are irrelevant to the problem at hand.
 Close to human language
 Easy to write
 Pascal, Fotran, C++, Java, Visual basic, PHP, PERL … etc…
 i.e printf (“Hello World”);
18
Types of Languages..
 Low Level Languages
 Low-level languages are designed to operate and handle the entire
hardware and instructions set architecture of a computer directly.
 A programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a
computer's instruction set architecture.
 Generally this refers to either Assembly language or Machine
language.
19
Types of Languages...
 Assembly Language
 An assembly language is a low-level programming language,
in which there is a very strong correspondence between the
language and the architecture’s machine code instructions.
 Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer
architecture
 Use Symbolic operation code
MOVE 3000,4000 // Copy contents of location 3000 to location
4000
20
Types of Languages...
 Machine Language
 Fundamental language of the computer processor
 All programs are converted into machine language before they
executed
 Consists of combination of 1’s and 0’s that represent high and
low electrical voltage
21
Programming Types
 Programming can be done in different ways but in high level
languages there are two major approaches.
 Structured Programming
 Object Oriented Programming
22
Structured Programming
 Structured programming is a subset of procedural
programming that enforces a logical structure on the program
being written to make it more efficient and easier to
understand and modify.
 It is a technique that follows a top down design approach with
block oriented structures.
 Also known as Modular Programming.
23
Object Oriented Programming
 Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming
language model organized around
 Objects rather than actions
&
 Data rather than logic language syntax
 Objects are usually instances of classes & are used to
interact with one another to design applications and computer
programs.
24
Object Oriented Programming..
 OOP organizes program around a real-world entity called an
object (Instance).
 Classes
 A class is a construct that is used to define a distinct type
 Attributes
 Methods
25
OOP..
 Main characteristics of OOP
 Encapsulation
 A language mechanism for restricting access to some of
the object's components
 A language construct that facilitates the bundling of data with the
methods (or other functions) operating on that data.
26
OOP..
 Inheritance
 Inheritance is a way to establish a relationship between objects of
the classes.
 Polymorphism
 It is the ability to create a variable, a function, or an object that has
more than one form.
27
C++
 Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs.
 C++ was originally named C with Classes.
 The language was renamed C++ in 1983.
 It is an intermediate-level language, as it comprises both high-level and
low-level features.
 C++ is an Object Oriented Programming Language.
 However, It is possible to write object oriented or procedural code in the
same program in C++.
28
C++..
 C++ application domain includes following areas
 Systems Software
 Applications Software
 Device Drivers
 Embedded Software
 High-performance server and client applications
 Video Games
29
C++ Syntax
 C++ Programs built from pieces called classes and functions
 C++ standard library provides rich collections of existing
classes and functions for all programmers to use.
 Basic Syntax
 Lets see an example program
30
C++ Program
#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;
// Comments goes here….
int main()
{
cout << "Hello World";
return 0;
}
31
// prints Hello World
Program Description
#include <iostream.h>
 The C++ language defines several headers, which contain information
that is either necessary or useful to your program.
using namespace std;
 It tells the compiler to use the std namespace.
 Namespaces allow to group entities like classes, objects and functions
under a name.
32
Program Description..
// Comments goes here….
 It is a single-line comment available in C++. Single-line comments
begin with // and stop at the end of the line
int main()
 This is the line where program execution begins.
 Main function with a return type integer.
33
Program Description...
cout << "Hello World";
// prints Hello World
 It causes the message “Hello World" to be displayed on the screen.
 And its second part after // is a comment.
return 0;
 This line terminates main( )function and causes it to return the value 0
to the calling process.
34
C++ Keywords
 Some keywords are:















35
if
else
for
switch
int
float
char
main
class
auto
bool
break
case
default
return
CASE SENSITIVE LANGUAGE
Execution Phases
36
Where to Write the Code ????
Code Editors
 Code can be written in any word processor that can create text
files.
 Can also be written on command line.
 Some code editors are







Notepad
Edit pad lite
Text wrangler (For Mac machines only)
Jedit
Vim
Dream Weaver
Net Beans
 IDE ????
38
Thank You
39