Introductory Presentation
Knut Hinkelmann
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u_ol.biblio22
Password:
Awo@FH-226
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Knowledge and Processes
knowledge about processes:
• process flow
• roles
• resources
 process logic
used at design time
$
expertise
product
development
decision
making
§
regulations,
laws
lessons
learned
knowledge in processes:
• supports practice
• skills, experiences
• know how
 business logic
used at run time
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Structured Processes vs.
Knowledge Processes
There is no strict separation between structured
processes and knowledge processes.
Structured processes can contain knowledge work
Knowledge processes can contain structured components
Knowledge Processes
Structured Processes
Process logic
Business logic
Structured processes and knowledge processes can be distinguished
by the proportion of process logic and business logic
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Knowledge Work
4
Classification of Processes
structured
process
• structured process
flow
• activities can be
defined in advance
• many repetitive
elements
• no degrees of
freedom for people
with respect to
process flow
case
ad hoc process
• process flow can
partly be structured
• activities can partly be
defined in advance
• some repetitive
elements
• degrees of freedom
for people with respect
to process flow
• process flow cannot be
structured
• activities can partly be
defined in advance
• marginal portion of
repetitive elements
• very high degrees of
freedom for people
with respect to process
flow
can be modelled
Process logic
Knowledge
Work
5
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cannot be
modelled
Business logic
partly translated from (Gadatsch 2005, S. 44)
Decision-Aware Process Models:
Managing Process Logic and Decision Logic Separately
Process Logic
 The process model contains
the process logic
 The decision logic can occur in
different forms
 implicit in head of people
 as text (e.g. guidelines)
 as rules
 as formal decision model
text
rules
human
experts
decision model
 Decision logic can be assigned
to tasks in the process model
Business Logic / Decision Logic
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Process Learning for PAs
• Business processes for PAs are typically
complex and include many alternative paths
• civil servant can quickly become relatively expert
with respect to the main routine scenarios
• scenarios related to the non-routine behaviour are
hard to learn
• Learning involves
• both process logic and decision logic
• dealing with known cases and new situations
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Routine and Non-Routine Work
Routine
Can easily be modeled
- Structured process
Foreseen
models
- Decision models
Unforeseen
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Non-routine
Can be modeled
- may contain non-structured
process parts
- Complex decision models
Can only be modeled partially
- Adhoc process parts
- Complex and incomplete
decision models
Types of Learning
• Individual learning off-line (e.g. new employee)
• navigating and exploring models and content
• performing a simulation
• Individual learning on-line (qualified civil servant)
• retrieving models and content from
• receiving recommendations from the LearnPAd system
• Organisational learning
• sharing experiences with non-routine cases between
individuals
• translating individual experiences into recommendations for
model improvements (process and decision models)
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Knowledge Management Building
Blocks
(Probst 1998)
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Learning in
Routine and Non-Routine Work
Routine
Can easily be modeled
- Structured process
models
Foreseen
- Decision models
 Individual Learning
 distribution, use
Unforeseen
Non-routine
Can be modeled
- may contain non-structured
process parts
- Complex decision models
 Individual Learning
 distribution, use
Can only be modeled partially
- Adhoc process parts
- Complex and incomplete decision
models
 Organisational Learning
 development, distribution, use
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Models and
Content
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DoW – WP5 tasks
•
Task 5.1: Wiki and Ontology Representation of Process
Models and Their Context
•
Task 5.2: Ontology Supported Learning
•
Task 5.3: Experience Management and Learning Using
Cases
•
Task 5.4: Measuring Learning Performance Using KPI
Ontology
•
Task 5.5: Analysing Wiki Content to Maintain the Ontology
•
Task 5.6: Strategies and Frameworks for the Evaluation of
the Learners
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Three Kinds of Models
Org.Model
graphical
Decision Models
transfer
transfer
Wiki
reason
RDF graph
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Three Kinds of Models
We need…
...
graphical models for overview and abstraction
…
ontological representation for semantic search
and recommendations
…
the Wiki representation for interaction and
feedback from the civil servants
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System functionalities (task 5.2)
system
recommends
(organisational
learning)
recommends
(on-line
learning)
analyses changes
Wiki
edit + learn (off-line)
civil servants
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updates
process
manager
business models /
business architecture
description
Task 5.1 – research questions
• What need to be modeled in ortder to support all
learning types?
• How to (technically) transform between the three
representations?
• How to design the Wiki pages in a way that achieves a
good balance between
•
usability for civil servants,
•
machine-interpretability of their feedback and
•
learning support
• How to keep the models in sync?
Kick-Off WP5
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18
What needs to be modeled?
Process Models are not enough to deal with
complex processes in PAs
Case management is the management of long-lived
collaborative processes that require coordination of
knowledge, content, correspondence, and resources
to achieve an objective or goal. The path of execution
cannot be predefined. Human judgment is required in
determining how to proceed, and the state of a case can
be affected by external events.
(McCauley 2010)
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What needs to be modeled?
We need meta models for
business processes (BPMN 2.0)
case management model and Notation (CMMN)
Decision Model (DMN, TDM)
organisational model
information model
IT infrastructure model
Business Motivation Model
learner model (skills, experiences, etc.)
balanced scorecard (KPIs)
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21
Enterprise Architecture: Modeling
relevant Aspects of Enterprise
Example: Zachman Framework
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Enterprise Architecture Modeling
BPMN
Organisation Model
CMMN
Business Motivation
Data/Documents
Decision Model
UML class diagram
Business Rules
IT systems model
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How to transform between the
three representations?
We need transformations between
graphical models and wiki pages
graphical models and ontologies
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Example: Translating
graphical models to Xwiki
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Agenda
Time
Activity
09.30 – 10:15
Introduction into WP5 and course of action of the day
10:15 – 11:00
Workshop 1: Learning scenarios
11:00 – 11.30
Coffee break
11.30 – 12.15
Workshop 2: What input is needed for the learning scenarios?
12.15 – 13.30
Lunch
13.30 – 15.00
Workshop 3: Modelling the learning scenarios
15.00 – 15:30
Coffee break
15:30 – 17.00
Workshop 4: How should the wiki look like?
17:00 – 17.30
Technical issues
17.30 – 18.00
Phase-out
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