Name: _______________________________________
Honors Biology Study Guide
Kingdom Protist and Kingdom Fungi
KINDGOM PROTISTA
1. Protista:
-The most diverse of the 5 kingdoms -can be ________________,
______________, or __________________; -more than 200,000 species
-come in different shapes, sizes and colors
2. Animal-like Protists
-Known as _______________. Their characteristics include: -unicellular;
heterotrophic; -feed on other organisms; -grouped by the way they move
3. Protozoans move
1. ________________: hair like particles
2. ________________: Flagella: whip like tail
3. ________________: Pseudopodia: cytoplasm extensions; Pseudo (false);
Podia (foot)
4. ________________: have no way of capturing food so they live as parasites
4. Where can you find protozoans?
5. Some diseases they cause:
6. Protozoans reproduce
Sexually by a process called ___________________ -pair and exchanging genetic
material
Asexually by __________________ or ________________
ANIMAL LIKE PROTISTS:
4 PHYLA OF PROTOZOANS:
Sarcodina-move with pseudopodia
Ciliophora-move with cilia
Zoomastigina-move with flagella
Sporozoa-carried by wind, animals, etc.
7. Phylum Sarcodina: __________________
-no cell walls, -psudeopodia, -engulfs bits of food
-blob like-change constantly, -amoeba outer cells are made
of Calcium Carbonate
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8. Where can you find Sarcodines? ______________________
9. What are pseudopodia? ___________________ - large, rounded cytoplasmic
extensions that function in movement
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10. How do amoebas eat?
Engulf other protists by _________________ (cell eating)
Pseudopodia surround the food and form a food vacuole ______________
digestion inside
Enzymes from cytoplasm enter the ___________and digest the food.
Undigested wastes leave by ____________ (digestion outside)
11. What does the contractile vacuole do?__________________________
12. Phylum Cilophora: ____________________
8,000 species; Example: ___________________; Swim with cilia: short hair-like
cytoplasmic projections; Abundant in ponds and slow moving streams w/decaying
plants, also salt water; Eat bacteria, algae, other small organisms
-found in every kind of aquatic habitat (ponds, streams, oceans & sulfur),
13. Identify the following:
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14. The sexual reproduction of ciliates is __________________
15. The asexual reproduction is __________________
16. Phylum Zoomastigina: __________________
Example: ___________________; have 1 or more flagella; some species are
parasites/others are helpful
-examples:
1. termites (found in the intestines)
2. African Sleeping Sickness ( transmitted by tsetse fly)- fever lethargic, mental
deterioration, coma (lives only in Africa)
3. Trypansonoma: Live in blood of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
carried from host to host by insects (flies)
4. Chagas Disease (transmitted by “kissing bug” or cone bug; causes fever and
sever heart damage)
5. Leishmania donovani (transmitted by sand flies, disfiguring skin sores, can be
fatal)
6. Giardiasis-severe diarrhea and intestinal cramps; Contaminated water (feces
of beavers, muskrats in water)
17. Phylum Sporozoa: ______________________
-parasitic, -non-motile movement; -best known member is the Plasmodium which
causes malaria. It is transferred by mosquito’s, and kills 2-4 million people/year.
Infects which organ? ___________
PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS
18. Plant-Like Protists
-multicellular photosynthetic protests
-looks like plants-no roots, stems or leaves
-contains chlorophyll, and can be classified by pigment colors
19. Classified into 6 phyla
a. 3 _________________,_______________________, & ______________
b. 3 __________________, ____________ & __________ algae
20. Phylum Euglenophyta:
__________________
-unicellular, -1 or 2 flagella; has a whiplike tail
-plant-like:
____________________________
-animal-like:
_____________________________
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21. Phylum Bacillariophyta: __________________________
-Shells like a small pillbox with lids made of silica; -make up large number of
plankton; -when they die they sink to the ocean floor; -dredge/mine
-uses: ________________________________________________
22. Phylum Dinoflagellates: _____________________
-Also called: spinning algae or fire algae; -looks like helmets and suits of armor
-causes __________________; produce toxins; -ocean turns red/orange; -kills
tons of fish
23. Phylum Rhodophyta: ______________________
-red seaweed; -found in tropical waters along rocky coast, also deep waters w/ lots
of pigments; -holdfast attach to rocks
24. Phylum Phaeophyta: ______________________
-1500 species all in salt water; -kelp is most common; -anchors with holdfasts
-body parts of kelp are called thallus.
3 parts of the thallus
1.
2.
3.
25. Phylum Chlorophyta: _________________________
-most diverse, 7000 species; -most species live in fresh water; -other: ocean, moist
soils, tree trunks
FUNGUS LIKE
26. Fungi-like Protists:
-groups of slime molds & water olds
-form delicate structures on food supply
-obtain energy by decomposing organic material
27. Slime Molds
-animal-like & fungi-like, classified by the way they reproduce, are beautiful
colors, -live in cool moist shady places
28. Two major types of slime mold
1. phylum myxomycota: ___________________________
2. phylum asrasiomycota: __________________________
29. Water & Downy Molds: phylum Oomycota
-live in water or moist places
-appear fuzzy & white on decaying materials
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KINDGOM FUNGI
30. Fungi Characteristics
-fungi are __________________
- fungi are large, bright and colorful
-grow best in temperatures of _________________
-have descriptive names
31. Classifying Fungi
-use to be classified as plants because __________________________________
32. Structure of Fungi
-multicellular, heterotrophs
-most common member ________________
-the basic structural units are threadlike filaments called hyphae
33. Fungi Reproduction
-reproduce __________________ & __________________
-by spores or by fragmentation also called budding
Section 20-2 The Diversity of Fungi
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I.
Phylum Zygomycota
a. ______________________ – Rhizopus stolonifer
b. Are decomposers
c. Reproduce ________________ by producing spores
d. Reproduce ________________ by budding & fragmenting
e. Hyphae do not have septa
f. _____________-hyphae that grow across the bread; produces a mycelium
g. _____________-grow down into the break; extracellular digestion
II.
Phylum Ascomycota
a. Called ____________________
b. _________________ group of fungi
c. Asci-Sac like spore cases
d. Ascospores-spores
e. Asexual reproduction: hyphae rises up from the mycelium & forms
f. Conidia-chains of spores that develop in the conidiaphores
g. Morels & Truffles-_______________
h. ___________-unicellular; used in brewing & baking & in genetic research
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III.
Phylum Basidiomycota
a. Called _______________
b. Mushrooms, Puffballs, Stinkhorns, Bird’s Nest Fungi, Bracken Fungi,
Rust, Smuts
c. ______________-club shaped spore cases
d. Basidiospores-spores produced in the basidia
IV.
Phylum Deuteromycota
a. Called __________________
b. Do not have a sexual reproductive cycle
c. ______________-used in making cheese & antibiotics
d. ______________-used in making soy sauces, citric acids for sodas &
candy
V.
Mycorrhiza
a. ___________________ relationship where a fungus lives with a plant root
b. Fungus helps bring in nutrients & minerals for the plant
c. Fungus gets sugars & amino acids from plant
d. Mutualism-2 species living together & both benefit
VI.
Lichens
a. Part fungus & part green algae, Cyanobacteria or both
b. Symbiotic relationship
c. Alga provides food
d. Fungus provides water & minerals; also provides protection
e. Lives in ____________________