THE ACCESSORY ORGANS:
PANCREAS AND LIVER
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General Idea:

Organs that add digestive enzymes
 Empty
at the Duodenum
 Hepatopancreatic
 Series


ampulla
of ducts
Pancreas  digestive enzymes via pancreatic duct
Liver  Bile via the hepatic & common bile duct
Bladder  Concentrated Bile via the cystic &
common bile duct
 Gall
The Pancreas

General Characteristics
 Both
Endocrine & Digestive Gland
 Acinar Cells – digestive function
 Produce
pancreatic juice
 Pancreatic
duct  hepatopancreatic ampulla 
duodenum

Pancreatic Juice
amylase  Carbohydrates
 Pancreatic lipase  fats
 Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase  Proteins
 Pancreatic
Nucleases – nucleotides
Bicarbonate ions – buffer to
neutralize acidic chyme
Regulation
Parasympathetic impulses
Secretin (hormone)
Cholecystokinin (hormone)
Liver

General
Characteristics
 BIG!
 Right
Side of
Abdominal Cavity
 Reddish Brown 
Ferritin (Iron)
 Hepatic Lobules
 Hepatic
Sinusoids,
Hepatic Portal Vein
 Kupfer Cells
 Many
Different
Functions
 Metabolic
 Storage
 Destroy/remove
damaged RBC’s
 Detoxification
 Blood Resevoir
Liver and Gall Bladder

Only Digestive Function: Produce Bile
Emulsification of Fats – smaller droplets
 Water, Bile Salts*, Bile Pigments (bilirubin & biliverdin),
cholesterol, electrolytes




Hepatic Lobules  Bile Canaliculi  Common Hepatic Duct 
Common Bile Duct  Hepatopancreatic Ampulla  Duodenum
Better Absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol & Vitamins
Gall Bladder: Store and concentrate the bile
Cystic Duct  Common Bile Duct  Hepatopancreatic
Ampulla  Duodenum
 Stimulated by Cholecystokinin
 Gall Stones, Cholecystectomy
