20.2-Advances in
Science and
Medicine
By: Tim, Cameron, Julian, and Matt
Progress Made in Biological Sciences
- Cell Theory becomes more developed
- Jean-Baptiste Lamark helped to develop evolution by stating that living things
change in response to their environment
- Charles Darwin came up with the idea of natural selection
- Gregor Mendel, a monk in austria, founded genetics
- Louis Pasteur founded pasteurization
Edward Jenner
💉 Investigated smallpoxs in the 1700’s
💉 Discovered milk maids with cowpox didn’t get smallpox
💉 vaccinated people with liquid cowpox
Louis Pasteur
🔬 Louis Pasteur identified bacteria
🔬 Developed pasteurization → the process of heating liquid to kill bacteria
🔬 Determined that we develop antibodies that fight infection
Surgery
🔪 Longer operations were possible because anesthetics like chloroform
🔪 Many patients died of infection after surgery until the development of
antisepsis → process of killing bacteria
Atomic Theory
Atomic theory-all matter in the universe consists of very small particles called
atoms
Beginnings of atomic theory are traced back to ancient greek philosophers
During the scientific revolution, the atomic theory was accepted as part of
science
John Dalton opened path for other scientists to explore the atom
Other medical advances
🚑 Robert Koch identified the germs that cause tuberculosis and Asiatic cholera
🚑 Scientist traced disease to rats and mosquitoes
🚑 Developed Aspirin and Insulin
Max Planck and Einstein
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Plank disproves theory of continuous energy with quantum theory
Quantum Theory became basis of all further views on matter and energy
Albert Einstein’s first paper: proves existence of atoms
Second Paper: described light as cascade of minute particles
Third Paper: Special Theory of Relativity- no particles of matter is faster than light
Four Paper: E= mc^2
Theory of relativity: states that all events occur in all four dimensions
Vocab
Evolution- develop through change from
Genetics- study of the ways in which inborn characteristics of plants/animals are inherited by descendants
Pasteurization- a process that kills bacteria through heating of liquids
Antisepsis- process if killing disease-causing germs
Natural Selection- survival of the fittest
Radioactivity- process of atoms constantly disintegrating and releasing energy on their own
Quantum Theory- a theory that states energy can be released in definite packages
Biological Sciences- science that deals with living organisms
Physical Sciences- science that deals with non living or inanimate aspects of nature
Quantum- unit of energy
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