Name __________________________________________________ Date _____________ PD ______
PART I: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. What role do autotrophs fill in the biosphere?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Indicate the role of each structure within the leaf:
a. stomates _________________________________________________________________________
b. mesophyll cells ____________________________________________________________________
c. thylakoid membranes ________________________________________________________________
d. stroma ___________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the source of oxygen released from photosynthesis?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. In the overview of photosynthesis, indicate the most significant function of:
a. Light reaction ______________________________________________________________________
b. Calvin cycle _______________________________________________________________________
5. Light is a form of energy known as _____________________________________________ and
visible light has a wavelength range of _______________________________________ .
6. Plant light receptors absorb _________________________________________ wavelengths of light
and reflect ___________________________________________wavelengths of light.
7. The porphyrin ring of chlorophyll contains the element ______________________________ and the
role of the ring is to ___________________________________________________________________
8. What does chlorophyll do when excited by photons? _______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. Label the diagram and explain the difference between Photosystem I and Photosystem II.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. With 2 different colored pencils, follow the energy paths of both noncyclic and cyclic electron flow in
the diagram.
11. How does cyclic differ from noncyclic photophosphorylation?
___________________________________________________________________________________
12. To generate ATP, chloroplasts rely on the ETC to _________________________________ and ATP
is synthesized when: __________________________________________________________________
13. Within the thylakoid membrane and stroma, indicate what happens to each of the following:
a. water ____________________________________________________________________________
b. high energy electrons _______________________________________________________________
c. H+ ______________________________________________________________________________
d. oxygen ___________________________________________________________________________
e. NADP+ ___________________________________________________________________________
f. ADP _____________________________________________________________________________
14. Where in the chloroplast is the H+ concentration highest? __________________________________
15. What happens during carbon fixation? _________________________________________________
16. List the materials the plant uses during the Calvin cycle and the source of the materials.
___________________________________________________________________________________
17. The products of the Calvin cycle are ___________________________________________________
18. What environmental and internal challenges have forced both C4 and CAM plants to evolve
alternatives to the photosynthesis system used by other plants?
___________________________________________________________________________________
19. Why do high oxygen levels inhibit photosynthesis? _______________________________________
20. What happens during photorespiration and why is it considered bad for plants?
___________________________________________________________________________________
21. What evolutionary adaptations to the Calvin cycle are seen in C4 plants like sugar cane?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
22. Draw a diagram to show the
anatomical adaptations seen
in C4 plants to accommodate
their variation on the Calvin cycle.
23. What evolutionary adaptation to the Calvin cycle is seen in CAM plants like cacti?
___________________________________________________________________________________
PART II: CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. Define the following terms
a. autotrophs ______________________________________________________________
b. heterotrophs ____________________________________________________________
c. digestion ________________________________________________________________
d. catabolism ______________________________________________________________
e. aerobic respiration ________________________________________________________
f. anaerobic respiration ______________________________________________________
g. fermentation _____________________________________________________________
2. In what bonds is the chemical energy stored in fats and in carbohydrates?
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. How is energy stored in chemical bonds?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Briefly distinguish between the two methods of producing ATP in respiration:
a. substrate-level phosphorylation __________________________________________________
b. aerobic respiration ____________________________________________________________
6. List the four stages of cellular respiration:
a. _______________________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________________
c. _______________________________________________________________________
d. _______________________________________________________________________
7. STAGE 1: Glycolysis
a. occurs where? ___________________________________________________________
b. starts with? ______________________________________________________________
c. produces?_______________________________________________________________
d. yields how much ATP?_____________________________________________________
e. produces ATP through what process? ________________________________________
8. Why is glycolysis thought to be one of the earliest of all biochemical processes to have evolved?
__________________________________________________________________________
9. STAGE 2: Oxidation of Pyruvate
a. occurs where? ___________________________________________________________
b. starts with? ______________________________________________________________
c. produces?_______________________________________________________________
d. yields how much ATP?_____________________________________________________
10. If the body has enough ATP, what is the fate of acetyl-CoA?
___________________________________________________________________________________
11. STAGE 3: The Krebs Cycle
a. occurs where? ___________________________________________________________
b. starts with? ______________________________________________________________
c. produces?_______________________________________________________________
d. yields how much ATP?_____________________________________________________
e. produces ATP through what process? ________________________________________
12. What is the major function of the Kreb’s cycle?
___________________________________________________________________________________
13. Define each of the following:
a. oxidation ________________________________________________________________
b. reduction________________________________________________________________
14. What are the roles of NAD+ & FAD+2 in respiration?
___________________________________________________________________________________
15. STAGE 4: The Electron Transport Chain
a. occurs where? ___________________________________________________________
b. starts with? ______________________________________________________________
c. produces?_______________________________________________________________
d. yields how much ATP?_____________________________________________________
e. produces ATP through what process? ________________________________________
16. What is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain?
___________________________________________________________________________________
17. Describe the role of the Electron Transport Chain. What happens to the electrons and H+?
___________________________________________________________________________________
18. What is chemiosmosis and how is it generated?
___________________________________________________________________________________
19. Explain why respiration is considered exergonic.
___________________________________________________________________________________
20. What happens to most of the energy released during cell respiration?
___________________________________________________________________________________
21. What is the theoretical ATP yield of aerobic respiration? …the actual yield? Explain why they differ.
___________________________________________________________________________________
22. Write the summary equation for cellular respiration:
___________________________________________________________________________________
a. Where did the glucose come from? Where did it go? _____________________________
b. Where did the O2 come from? Where did it go? _________________________________
c. Where did the CO2 come from? Where did it go? _______________________________
d. Where did the H2O come from? _____________________________________________
e. Where did the ATP come from? _____________________________________________
f. What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? _________________________
23. Label the diagram.
Include: CO2, organic compounds,
O2, H2O, respiration, photosynthesis,
light, heat, ATP