AU
Trend of Wide Color Gamut Liquid Crystal Display
O
2016 ICC Meeting on Display and 3D Printing
Co
nf
id
en
Cheng Hsien Liao
© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential
1
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tia
l
Your HDTV probably can’t show off Messi’s boots in
bright blue glory
AU
O
Co
nf
id
en
tia
Lionel Messi laces up some bright blue
boots- designed for the FIFA World Cup
2014 (image source: Adidas)
l
Figure from : https://dot-color.com/
Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03
AU
What is Wide Color Gamut Display?
O
Why should we need WCG Display?
Co
How to approach WCG LCD ?
nf
id
en
tia
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l
AU
What is Wide Color Gamut Display?
O
Why should we need WCG Display?
Co
How to approach WCG LCD ?
nf
id
en
tia
© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential
4
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l
Broadcasting Planning Trend
Color Gamut Specification Trend
1953
1996
NTSC
sRGB
AU
O
Co
2015
2015
DCIDCI-P3
Adobe RGB
nf
Broadcasting Planning
2014
2014
2012
1998
2016
2016
id
Sochi winter Olympic Rio Olympic
UHDUHD-phase I
4K2K
60Hz
Rec709 (sRGB)
8bit/10bit
© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential
2017
2017
en
Rec 2020
2018
2018
2019
2019
tia
2020
2020
Tokyo
Olympic
Pyeongchang
winter Olympic
UHDUHD-phase II
4K2K
120Hz
Rec2020
10bit & 12bit/14bit(optional)
5
HDR
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UHDUHD-phase III
8K4K
120Hz
l
Rec2020
10bit/12bit/14bit
HDR
Wide Color Gamut Display of CES
AU
O
 Wide Color Gamut 
Co
nf
id
en
tia
l
Wide Color Gamut play an important role of CES show!
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6
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Figure from : 2015/2016 CES
Wide Color Gamut Display of CES
Wide Color Gamut (Brands Summary)
AU
O
Co
nf
id
en
tia
l
Not only OLED, but also LCD shall reach the 100% NTSC
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7
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Figure from : 2015/2016 CES
AU
What is Wide Color Gamut Display?
O
Why should we need WCG Display?
Co
How to approach WCG LCD ?
nf
id
en
tia
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8
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l
HDTV (Rec.709) is Not for WCG
Pointer’s Color Gamut:
Rec709 / sRGB
AU
O
Co
nf
Colors measured from
reflections of real objects
46% of color space that can be
seen by the human eye
by Dr. Michael Pointer (1980)
Color Research and Application 5
id
en
Rec.709 - ITU-R Recommendation for HDTV
 sRGB covers 33% of color space for
the human eye
 only covers 70% of Pointer’s gamut
 1990s, HP、Microsoft...etc establish
for standard spec corresponding
NTSC 70%.
tia
l
9
ITU :International Telecommunication
Union
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Are Adobe and DCI-P3 Wide Enough?
DCI-P3 – US-American film industry
AU
O
1. 2010s, US American film industry
established for digital movie
projection  all of colors from
movies are covered.
Co
2. The DCI-P3 color space covers
41.7% % of color space for the
human eye and only covers
85.5%of Pointer’s gamut
nf
3. 2016, UHD Alliance announced
UHD device need to at least 90%
DCI-P3 color space for home
cinema entertainment.
id
en
tia
l
Apple - iPad Pro 9.7 (2016)
© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential
10
DCIDCI-P3 signal+
Figure from : https://dot-color.com/
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What is Rec2020/BT.2020 ?
AU
Rec.2020 - ITU-R Recommendation for UHD TV
O
Co
 Wide-gamut TV colorimetry
should handle all the colors covered
by existing TV systems and other
related non-broadcasting systems.
nf
id
1. Covers 76% of color space seen
by human eye
2. Covers ~100% of Pointer’s gamut,
NTSC, sRGB, Adobe RGB, and DCI-P3
© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential
 The color-coding efficiency of widegamut TV should be comparable to
that in the currently used
broadcasting systems.
 Every color used in wide-gamut
content should be displayable on a
reference monitor so that
broadcasters can monitor and control
the image quality.
en
tia
11
l
Figure from : https://dot-color.com/
Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03
Is rec.2020 UHD broadcast spec really capable?
AU
AUO ALCD TV Display
O
Co
nf
id
en
tia
AUO ALCD TV displays adopt 3M
Quantum Dot Enhancement Film,
achieving over NTSC100% color
saturation.
3M
AU Optronics
– Proprietary andConfidential
Figure© 2015from
: Corporation
https://dot
color.com/
12
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l
AU
What is Wide Color Gamut Display?
O
Why should we need WCG Display?
Co
How to approach WCG LCD ?
nf
id
en
tia
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13
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l
Enrich for best Picture Quality
AU
O
Wide Color Gamut for Vivid Color
(high saturation)
Co
nf
High saturation, high contrast
perception
id
en
tia
l
High saturation, better color shift
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LCD Development Trend for Much More OLED-Like
New BL Solution
AU
1.2
BG+R CT
1
LED/Laser
hybrid BL
G1.5 CT
G1.0 CT
0.8
0.6
2017
0.4
0.2
0
380
430
480
O
530
580
630
680
730
8K TV
780
Narrow Red peak
Narrow Green peak
2016
Co
OLED-Like
TV
LED Diming or Sequential
nf
2015
2014
Curved
4K TV
2013
4K TV
Quantum
Dot TV
id
en
tia
QD Solution
Provided by 0207180 on 2016/05/03
l
TFT-LCD Panel Structure
Light source and color filter are two key factors which
AU
affect the color of panel most.
O
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
RCE00T130SL(T8R-J)
G6022SL05(J8G)
BCE00T126SL(T5)
0.4
0.3
0.2
Polarizer
0.1
0.0
400
450
500
550
600
650
Color Filter
Co
700nm
Liquid Crystal
TFT Array
nf
id
en
Polarizer
Backlight Unit
Light Guide Plate
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1.0
B156XW01 V0 CCFL
0.9
B156XW02 V0
0.8
0.7
0.6
tia
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
400
450
l
500
550
600
Light Source
650
700nm
How to improve WCG by Back Light?
OLED  OLED-like LCD
AU
BLU evolution
Two peak  Three peak
FWHM: Broad  Narrow
0.9
0.8
Adobe RGB
M27+G1.5
C6A+G1.5
HN1+G1.5
0.7
0.6
O
0.5
0.4
0.3
OLED
LCD
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
2017~
Laser TV?
2015
Co
Quantum
Dot TV
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
2009
LED TV
~2009
CCFL TV
nf
B+RG WLED
id
KSF WLED
en
YAG WLED
tia
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l
WCG vs Back Light Development Trend
AU
Rec. 2020
O
60%
70%
Co
80%
White OLED
YAG WLED
RGB Laser
KSF WLED
nf
100%
90%
Cd QD
id
B+RG WLED
en
Cd-free QD
Multi-peak and narrow FWHM BLU
will have better color performance
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18
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tia
Rec. 2020
OLED YAG
DCI
l
B+RG KSF RGB QD Laser
LED
sRGB
Methods for WCG WLED BLU
AU
Due to the matural technology of higher efficiency, low cost, …
 B+Y, B+RG are the mainstream solution of white LED
O
Co
nf
id
en
tia
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19
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l
Figure form ITRI
Quantum Dot (QD) for WCG BLU
Quantum Rail
AU
Structure
O
Co
Quantum Dot Enhancement Film
 With zero change in thickness
 For mobile devices
 Little Color shift
Pros
nf
Quantum confinement effect
En 
n 2 h2
8mL2
E  E n 1  E n 
 With little change in overall thickness
 Can be scaled to any size, from tablets
to large format TVs
 Uniformity
id
en
( 2n  1)h 2
tia
8mL2
L↘  ΔE↗  λ↘
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20
l
Fiture from Sigma-Aldirch & Techbriefs
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Cd or Cd-free QD v.s. ROHS Standard
ROHS Six Restrain Material
Restrictions on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic
(products)
AU
Six restrain material
O
Pb、Cd、Cr6+、Hg、PBBs and PBDEs
European Commission announce the restrain material standard including
Cd, the wt% of Cd< 0.1% can be applied on 7 Mach, 2016 .
Co
Can Cd QD be applied for LCD after 2017?
 Cd-free have poor QY and broad FWHM than Cd QD
nf
id
en
(InP)
tia
Cd or Cd-free ?
l
© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential
21
Reference:
http://eurhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/legallex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0217&from=EN
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Multi Primary Color (MPC) Display
y
CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram
AU
5P/Wide gamut
5P/Normal
4P/Wide gamut
sRGB
Pointer's gamut
0.8
0.6
O
0.4
Co
3
0.2
0
0
0.2
1
2
nf
0.4
id
0.6
en
x
0.8
2011 FineTech Sharp
tia
A. Not all of the colors perceived by the human eyes can be obtained by mixing three
primary colors ( RGB ).
B. A multi-primary color displays are essential if vivid color reproduction is to be
achieved.
C. The gamut of the MPC display covers much more yellow and cyan colors than sRGB
does, which results in high coverage of real surface colors.
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l
Multi Primary Color (MPC) Display
AU
O
Co
nf
id
en
tia
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l
2011 FineTech
Trend in 3 Primary Color Resist
Trend
AU
2008
Back
Light
Color
Trend
RED
CCFL
2009
2010
2011
YAG WLED
2012
2013
2014
B+RG WLED
2015
KSF WLED
2016
2017
QD WLED
2018
New-BL?
High Contrast
O
High Brightness
Co
Wide Color Gamut
Pigment
R254/R177/Y150
GREEN
Pigment
G36G58
BLUE
Pigment
B15:6/V23
nf
Pigment
R254/R177
id
Pigment
Y150Y138
Hybrid
(New R-pig/Dye)
New R pig. ?
All Dye ?
Improved Pigment/Dispersant
Research of Novel Colorants
(New-Pig, Y-Dye, G-Dye)
en
Pigment
B15:6/V-Dye
tia
Hybrid or All Dye?
(B Pig/V-Dye/B-Dye)
Green & Red : Key Materials for WCG
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AUO Proprietary & Confidential
How to improve WCF by 3 Primary Color ?
AU
O
Co
nf
Color filter technology leaks
neighboring colors from broad
source leading to poor
saturation in red and green.
id
en
PG7 performance up and new material synthesize
PB
15:6
PG 7
The Narrow QD Spectrum allows
for saturated primaries despite
broad color filters
tia
PG
36/58
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l
Tr.
How color resist produce the color?
Cl- rich Br- rich
PB15:6 G7 G36
AU
O
Co
Phthalocyanine
Wavelength(λ)
nf
Cl-/Br- ratio adjust
Halide added
id
G7
en
 Phthalocyanine is often used to pigment, the central metal and functional
group cause different optical property.
 Halide(Cl-, Br-, I-) is electron withdraw group
 The color filter spectrum shift to long-wavelength
AUO Proprietary & Confidential
 Spectrum shift caused of Cl- and Br- ratio
 Cl- rich cause hypsochromic
 Br- rich cause bathochromic
tia
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l
How to improve WCF by Color Filter
RED
Green
AU
O
Blue
Co
nf
id
en
WCG CF will cut the bandwidth
 Narrow band CF is the key
of wide color gamut display
tia
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27
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l
CF + BLU Optimization for WCG
NTSC %
AU
100
90
70
2017~
Laser TV?
Rec. 2020
135
O
NTSC
DCI
2015
BLU evolution
CF
enhance
YAG
B+RG
Co
KSF
QD
WCG CF
High Tr. CF
~2009
CCFL TV
Quantum
Dot TV
sRGB
nf
2009
KSF WLED
Laser
id
YAG WLED
en
tia
LED TV
© 2015 AU Optronics Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential
B+RG WLED
CF & BLU are two key factors
Narrow band BLU.
WCG CF.
 WCG Gamut Get!
28
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AU
O
Co
nf
Thanks for listening!
id
en
tia
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29
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