Atmosphere
Chapter One
Book Review
Questions For Review
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, and 20
Questions For Thought
1, 2, and 3
Vocabulary
Thermosphere
Climate
Exosphere
Meteorology
Homosphere
Middle Latitudes
Heterosphere
Middle-Latitudes
Cyclonic Storm
System
Ionosphere
Weather
Earth’s Atmosphere
 If we moved just _________above the
surface, we would suffocate.
 Air is tasteless, colorless, and most of the
time invisible.
 From your notebook to your eyes, there
are ___________________________.
Earth’s Atmosphere
Earth’s Atmosphere
 The Earth is ______________________miles
from the Sun.
 Through solar flares and radiation, the Sun
releases energy into space.
 This _________________________or radiation
is what drives the atmosphere into
patterns that we see daily (wind, weather,
and average temperature of
_________________).
Earth’s Atmosphere
 Def –
 Extends upwards for many hundreds of
kilometers, but almost ____________ percent of
the atmosphere lies within a mere 30 km of the
earth’s surface.
 There is no ______________________to the
atmosphere.
Composition
Composition
 There is a balance of input and output at the
surface of the Earth.
 ______________________ is taken from the air
through small plankton or legumes. Input
through decomposition.
 The invisible ____________________________makes
up only _________ of the atmosphere, but is
involved in greenhouse effect, condensation,
_________________, and precipitation.
Composition
 Carbon Dioxide
 Ocean olds _________ more than the total atmospheric
Carbon Dioxide content.
 Carbon Dioxide has risen by about _________ since 1958.
 Another important Greenhouse gas, which traps heat.
 Average temperature of the Earth’s Surface warmed by
_________________ Celsius.
 Other Greenhouse gases –
• Ozone is the primary
ingredient of
photochemical smog.
•When CFCs enter into the
stratosphere, CFCs are
destroyed by UV rays. At
this point CFCs release
chlorine breaking down
the Ozone.
•In September and
October of 2010,
__________________________
__________________________
Writing Responses
Writing Responses
 According to the CER model, an explanation consists of:
 A claim that answers the question
 Evidence from students' data
 Reasoning that involves a "rule" or scientific principle that describes
why the evidence supports the claim
 Your students might suggest the following explanation:
 Air is matter (claim). We found that the weight of the ball increases
each time we pumped more air into it (evidence). This shows that
air has weight, one of the characteristics of matter (reasoning).
 The explanation could be made more complete by including
evidence and reasoning related to air taking up space.
Writing Response
Page 6
Remember CER or Claim + Evidence +
Reasoning = Explanation
We will do this one as a class, others will
be either in class assignments or
homework.
Writing Response – Your Response
Writing Response – As Class
Early Atmosphere
Mostly Hydrogen and Helium (4.6
billion years ago)
Evolved into more dense atmosphere,
developed from gases released from
molten rock from volcanoes and
steam vents. Making mostly water
vapor (80%), carbon dioxide (10%),
and nitrogen.
Early Atmosphere
 The continued __________________ provided rich
supply of water vapor created clouds.
 Rain continued for several years. Producing the
____________________________________. Carbon
Dioxide became trapped in the sediment creating
rocks like limestone.
 Oxygen probably developed through energetic rays
splitting water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen
through __________________________________.
Hydrogen escaped into the space and oxygen
remained.
Early Atmosphere
 The slow increase in oxygen allowed for
primitive bacteria to evolve into ___________
than plants.
 With the production of plants, oxygen
development ___________________________.
 Thus, created our present day atmosphere.
Density
Weight = ___________________________
Mass is the quantity of matter in an object.
Weight will change with the amount of
gravitational pull.
Density = ________________ / _____________
Density decreases as one moves up into the
atmosphere.
Pressure
Pressure = ____________ / _____________
1 square inch of air in a cross section
from sea level to the “top” of the
atmosphere will weigh nearly
__________________. Thus normal
atmospheric pressure near
__________________is close to 14.7 pounds
per a square inch.
Pressure
Other common units are millibar (mb),
__________________, and inches of mercury
(Hg)
At sea level, the standard value for
atmospheric pressure is
___________________________________________
Or Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted
over an area of surface.
Pressure
 Other common units are millibar (mb),
hectopascal (hPa), and __________________
 At sea level, the standard value for
atmospheric pressure is
 1013.25 mb = 1013.25 hPa = 29.92 in. Hg
 Ear Popping
All air will weigh on Earth a staggering 5600 trillion tons.
Layers of the
Atmosphere
****Based on
Temperature
Key Terms
Lapse Rate
Rate at which the air temperature decreases with height.
Rate is 6.5 degrees Celsius for every 1000 m
Troposhere
 Greek for tropein, meaning to turn or change
 _____________ of our familiar weather
 Air molecules are kept stirred by the rising
and descending air currents.
 Temperature _________________ with
increased altitude
Tropopause
 Layer between the stratosphere and troposhere
 Lapse rate is __________, meaning the air
temperature is constant
 This is referred to as the __________________
 Height varies, but normally found at the _________
elevation and decreases at poles.
 Higher in the summer and lower in the winter.
Stratosphere
 Temperature increases as the height increases.
__________________
 Temperature is still extremely cold, at __________
degrees Celsius at 30 Km.
 Lack of vertical motion, thus a
__________________
 Temperature is measured with an Radiosonde.
 HOMEWORK – CDR Activity (pg 16)
Stratosphere
 The inversion is caused in part by the ozone gas.
 The ozone absorbs __________________ solar
energy.
 The reason why the temperature does not start to
decrease at the top of the stratosphere is due to the
fact that the denser (____________) air particles
move to the upper portion of the stratosphere.
 __________________ is the layer that separates the
stratosphere and mesosphere.
Mesosphere
 Average air pressure is about 1 mb, which means
that only
_____________________________________________molec
ules are above this point
 Same percentage of ___________________________at
this level
 Possible hypoxia within minutes of exposure
 Blood would actually boil at normal body pressure
 Lowest temperature averages about
____________________________________
Thermosphere
 Layer between mesosphere and thermosphere is called
______________________.
 Oxygen molecules absorb the
___________________________, causing an increase in
temperature.
 Since there are fewer atoms interacting with each other (10
km without toughing), the temperature is able to increase at
a faster rate.
 ___________________________
 Use drag of satellites to tell temperature
Exosphere
_____________ limit of the atmosphere
Remember that there is not a true end to
the atmosphere
Composition Division
Ionosphere
 Not really a layer, but an
____________________________________within the
upper atmosphere
 Lower region about __________________from the
earth’s surface
 Plays a role in AM radio communication
 At night ___________________________disappears
and AM radio waves are able to travel at a
farther distance.
CER Activity
Go to page 17
Looking at the right side of this explanation
as to how, at night, an individual more than
1000 miles away from an AM radio station
may pick up the station’s broadcast very
clearly, whereas an individual only several
hundred miles away may not pick up the
station at all.
Review Check
Weather
 DEF –
 Elements:
 Air Temperature
 The degree of hotness or coldness of the
air
 ____________________________________
 The force of the air above an area
Weather
 _______________
 Measure of the amount of water vapor in the
air
 ______________
 A visible mass of tiny water droplets and/or ice
crystals that are above the earth’s surface
 _______________
 Any form of water, either liquid or solid (rain or
snow), that falls from clouds and reaches the
ground
WEATHER
Visibility
The greatest distance one can
see
____________
The horizontal movement of air
Climate
Is the average weather over a period
of time in a particular region
In summary,
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Brief History
 The term itself goes back to the Greek philosopher
Aristotle, who in about 340 B.C., wrote on natural
philosophy entitled __________________
 The actual meaning of the word is derived from the
Greek word, __________________, meaning “high in
the air”
 Today, we differentiate between outside the
atmosphere (________________) and particles of
water and ice (hydrometeors)
Brief History
 In the end of the sixteenth
century the thermometer
was created, this helped to
instill meteorology as a
natural science.
 The __________________
(measuring air pressure) was
created in 1643.
 Hygrometer (measuring
humidity) in the late 1700s.
 330 × 730 bulcranium.blogspot.com
Brief History
 The invention of the
telegraph in 1843 allowed
for the ________________ of
routine weather
observations.
 __________________and the
concept of wind flow
occurred in 1869.
 In 1920, the concept of air
masses and weather fronts
formulated in Norway.
Brief History
 High-flying military aircraft
discovered the existence of
jet streams (1940s)
 In the 1950s, at
__________________created
formulas to predict the
weather.
 In the 1990s, conventional
radar was replaced with
__________________________.
Brief History
 The first weather
satellite was Tiros I,
in 1960.
 This launched the
age of
_________________
________________.
Why Meteorologist?
 The Weather Channel
 Cindy Day
 The Weather Guy
 CER Activity – Pg 24 – What is a
Meteorologist?
Review Check
Book Review
 Questions For Review
 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20
 Questions For Thought
 1, 2, and 3