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Introduction
History
Technologies
Construction
Development
Ergonomics and usage
Comparison of touch screen technologies
Screen protectors
Conclusion
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 A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can
detect the presence and location of a touch within the
display area.
 The term generally refers to touching the display of the
device with a finger or hand. Touch screens can also sense
other passive objects, such as a stylus.
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 In 1971, the first "Touch Sensor" was developed by
Doctor Sam Hurst while he was an instructor at the
University of Kentucky.
 In 1974, the first true touch screen incorporating a
transparent surface was developed by Sam Hurst and
Elographics.
 In 1977, Elographics developed and patented five-wire
resistive technology, the most popular touch screen
technology in use today.
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 The HP-150 from 1983 was one of the world's earliest
commercial touch screen computer.
 Until recently, most consumer touch screens could only
sense one point of contact at a time, and few have had the
capability to sense how hard one is touching.
 Historically, the touch screen sensor and its
accompanying controller-based firmware have been made
available by a wide array of after-market system integrators,
and not by display, chip, or motherboard manufacturers.
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There are a variety of Touch-screen technologies. Some of
them are,
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Resistive
Surface acoustic wave
Capacitive
Infrared
Optical Imaging
Dispersive signal Technology
Acoustic pulse recognition
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Resistive touch screen
Infrared touch screen
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There are several principal ways to build a touch screen.
there are typically four layers,
Top polyester layer coated with a transparent metallic
conductive coating on the bottom
2. Adhesive spacer
3. Glass layer coated with a transparent metallic conductive
coating on the top
4. Adhesive layer on the backside of the glass for mounting.
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 Virtually all of the significant touch screen technology
patents were filed during the 1970s and 1980s and have
expired.
 The development of multipoint touch screens facilitated
the tracking of more than one finger on the screen.
 With the growing acceptance of many kinds of products
with an integral touch screen interface, the marginal cost of
touch screen technology is routinely absorbed into the
products that incorporate it and is effectively eliminated.
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The different ergonomics due to usage of touch screens are,
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Finger stress
Finger nail as stylus
Finger prints
Combined with hap tics
Gorilla arm
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We can compare different touch screen technologies based
on the following factors,
1. Durability
2. Stability
3. Transparency
4. Response time
5. Touch
6. Intense light resistant
7. Monitor option
8. Water proof
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Technology
4-Wire Resistive
Surface Acoustic Wave
5-Wire Resistive
Infrared
Capacitive
Durability
3 year
5 Year
5 Year
5 Year
2 Year
Stability
High
Higher
High
High
Ok
Transparency
Bad
Good
Bad
Good
Ok
Built-in/Onwall
Built-in/Onwall
Built-in/Onwall
Onwall
Built-in
Anything
Finger/Pen
Anything
Finger/Pen
Conductive
Good
Good
Bad
Bad
Installation
Touch
Intense light-resistant Good
Response time
<10ms
10ms
<15ms
<20ms
<15ms
Following Speed
Good
Low
Good
Good
Good
No
Small
Big
Big
Big
CRT or LCD
CRT or LCD
CRT or LCD
CRT or LCD
CRT or LCD or LED
Good
Ok
Good
Ok
Excursion
Monitor option
Waterproof
Good
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 Its very important to take protection on screens while
using touch screens.
 Some touch screens, primarily those employed in smart
phones, use transparent plastic protectors to prevent any
scratches that might be caused by day to day use from
becoming permanent.
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 This paper presents the importance, history, different
technologies and different aspects in using the touch
screens.
 Although touch screens provide a natural interface for
computer novices, they are unsatisfactory for most
applications because the finger is such a relatively large
object.
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…THANK YOU…
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