March 17, 2015
I can…
How are genes related to functional
and non-functional enzymes.
Homework:
TEST RETAKE – by
appt.
Protein Quiz 3/24
1. In Lab #19 we altered the shape of the enzyme.
Explain the following parts of the toothpickase
enzyme:
a. Substrate
b. Active site
2. Review data from Lab #19 Activity 2. How did the
enzyme perform the conditions were col? Why?
DNA structure- Chromosomes
• Chromosomes = long pieces of DNA
Chromosomes have genetic information and are
passed on every time a cell divides
Dividing onion cells
chromosomes
chromosomes
cell wall
nucelus
Information flow in cells
DNA
protein
traits
Chromosome structure- genes
• Regions of chromosomes called genes determine
which proteins can be made in the cell
• Traits result from which proteins are made
Human chromosome # 7
• Contains about
1,800 genes
• Contains over 150 million
nucleotides
Link to view genes and DNA sequence
Genes
• The order, or sequence, of nucleotides in a
gene is a code that cells use to make specific
proteins
ATAACAGGCGACTTACGGC
GCCGTAAGTCGCCTGTTAT
DNA
(gene)
protein
traits
How does this fit with how we have
been explaining the relationship
between proteins and traits?
“Roundbuds”
Roundbuds
In a type of wildflower, the round bud, red pigment is
synthesized from a colorless molecule by enzyme Q.
1. Draw the enzyme pathway for the round bud.
2. Some round buds are white. Explain why these flowers are
white.
colorless (white)
molecule
Red Pigment molecule
Enzyme Q
Nodes = Metabolites
Edges = Enzyme
Colorless molecule
Red pigment molecule
Enzyme Q
Cell of RED flower
Cell of WHITE flower
gene
gene
Cell with gene for functional
enzyme Q
Cell with gene for nonfunctional enzyme Q
Pigment Metabolic Network for the
Imaginary Bioflower
Blue Flower
Where is the variation in these flowers?
Red Flower
Blue and Red Flowers (Color)
Bioflowers
A colorless starting molecule is converted by enzyme A
to blue pigment. Next, enzyme B converts the blue
pigment to red pigment.
1. Diagram of the pathway. (include a key)
2. Give an explanation for a blue flower.
pathway
Colorless (white)
molecule
Molecule cartoons
Enzyme A
Blue pigment
molecule
Enzyme B
Red pigment
molecule
Draw the enzymes and molecules present in the cells
of each type of bioflower below.
Type 1
A
B
nucleus
Draw the enzymes and molecules present in the cells
of each type of bioflower below.
Type 2
A
B
nucleus
Draw the enzymes and molecules present in the cells
of each type of bioflower below.
Type 3
A
B
nucleus
“Coat Color in Labrador Retrievers”
Cocoa
Midnight
Tyrosine
tyrosinase
Yellow and/or
Red pigments
Dopaquinone
Enzyme X
TRP-2
Brown pigment
TRP-1
Black pigment
Exit Ticket
A population of bears in British Columbia is
famous for their white fur. Genetically they
are identical to black bears, but the gene that
normally turns a colorless precursor into black
fur is non-functional.
Draw a biomolecular model that shows a skin
cell of these white bears.