Additional File 1. List of species sampled in this study with identification numbers and locality where the taxa were collected along
with information which genes sequenced. Photos of vouchers can be viewed at http://nymphalidae.utu.fi/db.php.
Species
ID
Outgroup taxa
Aglais io
NW6316
Aglais milberti NW7714
Aglais urticae NW63-3
Nymphalis
NW70-2
antiopa
Nymphalis
NW74californica
14
Nymphalis lNW78-1
album
Nymphalis
polychloros
Nymphalis
xanthomelas
Ingroup taxa
Kaniska
canace
Kaniska
canace
Source of
specimen
Sweden
COI
ND1
wingless
AY248785 AF412737 AF412766
EF1-α
GAPDH
RpS5
AY248810 FJ639521
FJ639576
Washington, AY248787 FJ639544 AY248828 AY248812 FJ639523
USA
Sweden
AY248786 AF412753 AF412777 AY248811 FJ639522
Sweden
AY218246 FJ639542 AY218284 AY218266 FJ639524
FJ639578
FJ639577
FJ639579
Oregon,
USA
British
Columbia,
Canada
NW62-2 Sweden
AY248789
FJ639543
AY248830 AY248814
FJ639525
FJ639580
AY248791
FJ639545
AY248832 AY248816
FJ639526
FJ639581
AY248788
FJ639541
AY248829 AY248813 EU141502 EU141401
NW84-1 Yakutia,
Russia
AY248790
FJ639546
AY248831 AY248815
EW1910
EW1911
Japan
FJ639396
-
Japan
AY248792
FJ639540
-
-
AY248833 AY248817
FJ639527
FJ639582
FJ639528
FJ639583
Kaniska
canace
Polygonia calbum
kultukensis
Polygonia calbum
hamigera
Polygonia calbum
imperfecta
Polygonia calbum calbum
Polygonia
interposita
Polygonia caureum
Polygonia caureum
Polygonia caureum
Polygonia
comma
Polygonia
comma
Polygonia
comma
Polygonia
NW164- Laos
1
EW13-1 Buryatia
Republic,
Russia
EW13-3 Primorskiy
Krai, Russia
FJ639397
-
FJ639395
FJ639493
FJ639529
FJ639584
FJ639398
-
FJ639345
X
FJ639499
FJ639551
FJ639399
-
FJ639350
X
-
-
EW2632
FJ639400
-
-
X
-
-
NW70-3 Sweden
AY090222
FJ639533
AY090154 AY090188
FJ639514
FJ639569
NW1666
EW1310
EW1312
NW65-8
Kirgisia
FJ639418
-
FJ639394
FJ639490
FJ639511
FJ639566
Primorskiy
Krai, Russia
Amur Area,
Russia
Japan
FJ639401
-
FJ639346
-
-
-
FJ639402
-
FJ639347
X
FJ639500
FJ639552
AY248824
FJ639513
FJ639568
EW2110
Morocco
North
Carolina,
USA
EW21North
11
Carolina,
USA
NW65-6 Tennessee,
USA
NW63-1 Greece
AY248799 AF412754 AF412786
FJ639404
-
FJ639370
-
-
-
FJ639405
-
FJ639371
-
X
-
AY248794 AF412732 AF412781
AY248819
FJ639512
FJ639567
FJ639407
FJ639492
-
-
-
-
egea
Polygonia
egea
Polygonia
egea
Polygonia
undina
Polygonia
undina
Polygonia
undina
Polygonia
undina
Polygonia
faunus
rusticus
Polygonia
faunus hylas
Polygonia
faunus silvius
Polygonia
faunus faunus
Polygonia
faunus
rusticus
Polygonia gargenteum
Polygonia
gigantea
Polygonia
NW77- Greece
15
NW120- Iran
7
EW30-1 Tadjikistan
AY248800
FJ639539
AY248838 AY248825
FJ639520
FJ639575
FJ639406
-
FJ639390
FJ639486
FJ639507
FJ639562
FJ639452
-
FJ639389
FJ639485
FJ639505
FJ639560
EW3324
EW43-1
Uzbekistan
FJ639453
-
-
-
-
-
Kirgisia
FJ639454
-
-
-
-
-
EW43-2
Kirgisia
FJ639455
-
-
-
-
-
EW12-7
British
Columbia,
Canada
New
Mexico,
USA
Quebec,
Canada
Quebec,
Canada
Oregon,
USA
FJ639408
-
FJ639343
X
FJ639498
FJ639550
FJ639409
-
FJ639365
X
X
FJ639553
FJ639410
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639411
-
FJ639372
X
X
FJ639555
AY248798
FJ639535
AY248837 AY248823
FJ639516
FJ639571
FJ639412
-
FJ639392
FJ639488
FJ639509
FJ639564
FJ639413
-
FJ639393
FJ639489
FJ639510
FJ639565
FJ639414
-
-
-
-
-
EW19-1
EW2112
EW2113
NW7412
NW165- Mexico
2
NW166- China
5
EW21Quebec,
gracilis
Polygonia
gracilis
14
EW22-8
Polygonia
gracilis
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
EW22-9
Polygonia
zephyrus
EW1411
Polygonia
zephyrus
EW1412
EW10-9
EW1010
EW1011
EW1012
EW1013
EW1014
EW11-4
EW11-9
EW1410
Canada
New
Hampshire,
USA
Quebec,
Canada
Wyoming,
USA
Wyoming,
USA
Wyoming,
USA
Wyoming,
USA
Wyoming,
USA
Wyoming,
USA
Wyoming,
USA
Oregon,
USA
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
FJ639415
FJ639531
FJ639383
FJ639484
FJ639503
FJ639558
FJ639416
-
FJ639384
X
X
FJ639559
FJ639462
-
FJ639339
-
FJ639496
FJ639549
FJ639457
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639458
-
-
-
FJ639494
FJ639547
FJ639459
-
FJ639338
X
FJ639495
FJ639548
FJ639460
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639461
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639463
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639464
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639465
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639466
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639467
-
-
-
-
-
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
Polygonia
zephyrus
EW1414
British
FJ639468
Columbia,
Canada
EW14British
FJ639469
15
Columbia,
Canada
EW15-1 British
FJ639470
Columbia,
Canada
EW15-2 Washington, FJ639472
USA
EW15-3 Washington,
X
USA
EW15-4 Washington, FJ639473
USA
EW15British
FJ639471
15
Columbia,
Canada
EW19-7 Colorado,
FJ639456
USA
EW23Alberta,
X
18
Canada
EW23Alberta,
X
19
Canada
NW63- British
FJ639474
11
Columbia,
Canada
NW74-5 Wyoming,
FJ639475
USA
NW74-6 Wyoming,
AY248797
USA
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639356
X
X
X
-
FJ639358
X
X
X
-
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639359
X
X
X
-
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639368
-
-
FJ639554
-
FJ639385
X
FJ639504
-
-
-
-
-
X
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639536
-
-
-
-
FJ639517
FJ639572
-
AY248822 AY248836
Polygonia
haroldii
Polygonia
haroldii
Polygonia
interrogationis
Polygonia
interrogationis
NW1123
NW1651
EW2212
EW2214
Polygonia
NW77interrogationis 12
Polygonia
EW14-7
oreas silenus
Polygonia
oreas silenus
EW14-8
Polygonia
oreas silenuis
EW14-9
Polygonia
oreas silenus
Polygonia
oreas silenus
Polygonia
progne
Polygonia
progne
Polygonia
progne
NW7410
NW7411
EW19-9
EW21-1
EW21-2
Mexico
AY788662
FJ639532
AY788560 AY788800
FJ639506
FJ639561
Mexico
FJ639417
-
FJ639391
FJ639487
FJ639508
FJ639563
Tennessee,
USA
New
Hampshire,
USA
Tennessee,
USA
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
Oregon,
USA
Oregon,
USA
Alberta,
Canada
Quebec,
Canada
New
Hampshire,
USA
FJ639419
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639420
-
FJ639379
-
-
-
AY248793
FJ639538
FJ639519
FJ639574
FJ639421
-
FJ639353
FJ639477
X
X
FJ639422
-
FJ639354
FJ639478
X
X
FJ639423
-
FJ639355
FJ639479
X
X
AY788663
FJ639534
FJ639515
FJ639570
FJ639424
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639425
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639480
-
-
FJ639426
-
FJ639373
FJ639481
X
FJ639556
AY248834 AY248818
AY788561 AY788801
Polygonia
progne
Polygonia
progne
Polygonia
progne
Polygonia
progne
EW21-3
Polygonia
progne
EW2216
Polygonia
progne
Polygonia
progne
Polygonia
progne
Polygonia
progne
EW2217
EW2218
EW2219
EW2220
Polygonia
progne
EW2221
Polygonia
progne
Polygonia
satyrus
Polygonia
satyrus
Polygonia
NW6310
EW1110
EW1111
EW11-
EW21-4
EW2116
EW2215
Virginia,
USA
Quebec,
Canada
Quebec,
Canada
New
Hampshire,
USA
New
Hampshire,
USA
Quebec,
Canada
Quebec,
Canada
Quebec,
Canada
New
Hampshire,
USA
New
Hampshire,
USA
Wisconsin,
USA
Idaho, USA
AY248795
FJ639530
FJ639374
FJ639482
-
-
FJ639427
-
FJ639375
FJ639483
FJ639502
FJ639557
FJ639476
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639428
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639429
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639430
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639431
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639432
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639433
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639434
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639435
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639436
-
FJ639340
X
FJ639497
-
Oregon,
USA
Oregon,
FJ639437
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639438
-
-
-
-
-
satyrus
Polygonia
satyrus
12
EW15-9
Polygonia
satyrus
EW1510
Polygonia
satyrus
EW1511
Polygonia
satyrus
EW1512
Polygonia
satyrus
EW1513
Polygonia
satyrus
EW1514
Polygonia
satyrus
EW1516
Polygonia
satyrus
EW16-6
Polygonia
satyrus
EW16-7
Polygonia
satyrus
Polygonia
EW2313
EW23-
USA
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
British
Columbia,
Canada
Alberta,
Canada
Alberta,
FJ639445
-
FJ639360
X
FJ639501
-
FJ639439
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639440
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639441
-
FJ639357
X
X
-
FJ639442
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639443
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639444
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639446
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639447
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639448
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639449
-
-
-
-
-
satyrus
Polygonia
satyrus
Polygonia
satyrus
Polygonia
satyrus
14
Canada
NW65-9 Washington, FJ639450
USA
NW74-8 Oregon,
FJ639451
USA
NW74-9 Oregon,
AY248796
USA
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FJ639518
FJ639573
FJ639537
AY248835 AY248821