ITRI LTE small cell solution
顏鴻傑
工研院資通所
2016/04/15
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uD-Cell brochure
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Specification (1/2)
• 3GPP R8/R9 Compliant / FAPI Compliant
• PHY L1 Software on TI 66xx Series DSP
• L2/L3/RRM Software on TI 66xx Series DSP/ARM core
uD-Cell Housing
(388mm x 235mm x 67mm)
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Specification (2/2)
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Support 20 MHz, TD-LTE Band 40
2x2 MIMO Transmit Diversity, Spatial Multiplexing
All L1 Control, Data Physical Channels
Maximum Throughput : DL/UL 100 Mbps/ 10 Mbps
(w/ TDD Config 3 : 1)
• 16 Concurrent UEs always on
• Tx power : 24 dBm
• Power Interface: 12V DC, PoE++
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Interoperability Testing
• Commercial LTE Handheld Devices
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iPhone 5S, 6 Plus Handset, iPad (Qualcomm LTE Chipset)
Foxconn inFocus Handset (Qualcomm LTE Chipset)
ALU Handset (MTK LTE Chipset)
HTC Handset (Qualcomm LTE Chipset)
Samsung Note4 (Qualcomm LTE Chipset)
• Commercial LTE Dongles
– BandRich LTE Dongle (Qualcomm LTE Chipset)
– MitraStar LTE Dongle (Altair LTE Chipset)
• Commercial EPCs
– NSN (CHT Lab) / Cisco (ITRI Field Trial)
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Software configuration
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E-UTRAN & EPC logical view
Internet
UE
Core Network
Small Cell S1
LTE-Uu
UE
MME, S-GW & P-GW
X2
Small Cell
OS: TI ARM Linux
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Application
Servers
OS: Linux (desktop version)
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ITRI test environment
• EPC: run MME software and configure NAT
– WAN IP: 140.117.XXX.xxx
– LAN IP: 10.101.131.254
• Small cell: run L1/L2/L3 and RRM software, ex:
IP
Cell Identity
Carrier frequency:
(serving, neighbors)
Physical cell ID
eNB #8
eNB #14
10.101.131.8
10.101.131.14
8
14
2320 MHz,
2350 MHz,
2350 MHz,
2320 MHz,
8
14
Default gateway
10.101.131.254
MME IP
10.101.131.254
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EARFCN=39150
EARFCN=38850
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ITRI LTE Software
• PHY, LMAC, and UMAC/RLC/PDCP package
– ~/run_enb_umac_only.sh
• RRC
– ~/ltel23
• RRM (w/ X2AP, S1AP, RRC-API, IP forwarding)
– ~/enbd_nat
• MME
– ~/mmed
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Getting started (1/2)
• Configure mmed by editing file mmed_config:
ue_ip_address_base=10.101.131.100
– Set UE IP address (IP is allocated by MME during ATTACH).
• Run mmed by typing
./mmed + Enter
• Use the terminal/SSH tool (ex. Putty) to login eNB:
ssh [email protected]
– No password set for root account
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Getting started (2/2)
• Consider the recommendation in page 7~13.
• Upon configuration in page 12~18 done, run the
following apps (located in directory
/home/root/agent_v2.5.160219/) in 3 console
windows respectively for an eNB:
– type ./run_enb_umac_only.sh + Enter
– type ./ltel23 + Enter
– type ./enbd + Enter and then type a + Enter
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Configure NAT
• For PC equipped with some network interfaces, try
type the following commands on console windows:
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.101.131.0/24 -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.101.131.0/24 -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
– Config eth0 (connects to all LAN small cells): set static IP
10.101.131.254
– Config eth1/eth2/…/wlan0 (connects to WAN via default
gateway): use DHCP or set static IP.
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Configure TI ARM Linux
• After Linux booting, log in and then try to type:
ifconfig eth1 10.101.132.253 netmask 255.255.255.0
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_nonlocal_bind
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/proxy_arp
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
route delete default
route add default gw 10.101.131.254
– Purpose: set IP forwarding and proxy ARP.
• eth0: static IP (ex. 10.101.131.8)
• eth1: static IP (p.s. unplugged)
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Configure enbd (1/3)
• In enbd/enbd/, edit file enbd_config
#gateway_address=10.101.131.254
– Set gateway IP address for user data forwarding.
eNB_ID=8
– Set (serving) cell identity
PCI=8
EARFCN=39150,38850,39450
– Set (serving) PCI (Physical cell ID) & EARFCN (carrier
frequency). Also, set additional EARFCN for inter-frequency
measurement configuration(s)
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Configure enbd (2/3)
rrc_referenceSignalPower=-22
– Set eNB (reference signal) RF TX Power
• ex. radius=5m area: -22 dB; radius=20 area: 0 dB
rrc_agcRxGain=8
– Set eNB RF gain of the receiver’s input amplifier
s1ap_server_address=10.101.131.254
– Set S1AP server-side IP (i.e., MMED IP)
neigbor_config_file=enbd_nbr.csv
– Provide file maintaining neighbor cell List
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Configure enbd (3/3)
• In enbd/enbd/, edit file enbd_nbr.csv
– Each entry of the Nx7 table is a neighbor cell. 7 fields are
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IP address
X2: Is X2 connection enabled (Y, or N)
MCC: country code, part of PLMN ID (ex. 001)
MNC: network code, part of PLMN ID (ex. 01)
eNB_ID: (unique) cell identity
EARFCN: carrier frequency (ex. 38850, 39150, 39450 @ Band40)
PCI: (unique) Physical cell ID
– The .csv file can be opened by MS Excel
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Configure ltel23
• Edit file oam_rrc.cfg
conf rrc_msg_debug 1
conf rrc_msg_debug_dest_ip 10.101.131.254
conf rrc_msg_debug_dest_port 8527
– Enable rrc_msg_debug. Set IP address and UDP port
number for RRC message displayed in Wireshark.
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Configure Wireshark
• On main menu [Edit>Preferences],
– switch to sub-menu [Protocols>PDCP-LTE], and
– confirm check-box “Try Heuristic LTE-PDCP over UDP
framing”.
• On [Filter] toolbar,
– set filer string as “lte_rrc”
Other filter string could be found in https://www.wireshark.org/docs/dfref/l/lte_rrc.html
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Configure MAC scheduling
• Use testmcs
基本MCS 與TM的調整
指令說明
範例1: 固定MCS，其中
TM(2~3)/DL (9~28)/UL (9~20)
$ ./testmcs -m 3 -d 28 -u 20
即代表transmission mode = 3 (spatial
multiplexing), DL MCS = 28, UL MCS = 20.
範例2: DL AMC, UL AMC，排
程會根據UE CQI調整
$ ./testmcs -m 3 -d 29 -u 29
MAC排程不使用SR，改
成定期給于上行頻寬
指令說明
範例1: 開啟MAC固定排上行
頻寬，每40ms一次
Step1: 切換成UMAC自行排頻寬模式
$ ./testmcs -m 3 -d 254 -u 1
Step2: 在此模式下，設定參數-u (1 = 10ms給一次UL grant,
2=20ms給一次UL grant, 4 = 40ms給一次UL grant)
$ ./testmcs -m 3 -d 255 -u 4
範例2: 復原成開機預設之自
行排頻寬方式
$./testmcs –m 3 -d 254 -u 0
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Build source code (case 1)
[Enable NAT config in small cell]
• enbd:
– change to directory enbd/enbd/, type ./load_arm_file.sh
and then type make nfq
– the executable file “enbd_nat” is shown in the same
directory.
• mmed:
– change to directory mmed/mmed/, type make
– the executable file “mmed” is shown in the same directory.
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Build source code (case 2)
[Use dummy GTPU in small cell and MMED]
• enbd:
– change to directory enbd/enbd/, type ./load_arm_file.sh
and then type make tunnel
– the executable file “enbd_tunnel” is shown in the same
directory.
• mmed:
– change to directory mmed/mmed/, type make tunnel
– the executable file “mmed_tunnel” is shown in the same
directory.
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Demo
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DEMO
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Cell setup & UE registration
UE idle/connected switching
UE (inter-freq) handover/redirection
UE dedicated GBR bearer
Cell modify
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DEMO
• Cell setup & UE registration
– 請至終端裝置的“行動網路”設定頁面，確認是否已啟用
“數據漫遊”
attach
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DEMO
• UE idle/connected switching: try the commands
Steps
enbd
mmed
Command 1
show active UE list: “s”
Command 2
release a active UE: “r ue_id” release all active UE : “r”
release a active UE: “r ue_id_mme”
Command 3
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show registered UE list: “s”
do paging of all idle UE: “s 255”
do paging of a idle UE: “s ue_id_mme”
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DEMO
• UE (inter-freq) handover:
Steps
enbd (#6)
Command 1
show neighbor list: “s”
Command 2
do handover: “s ue_id -h 8”
Command 3
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enbd (#8)
show neighbor list: “s”
do handover: “s ue_id -h 6”
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DEMO
• UE (inter-freq) redirection:
Steps
enbd (#6)
Command 1
show neighbor list: “s”
Command 2
do redirection: “r ue_id 8”
Command 3
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enbd (#8)
show neighbor list: “s”
do redirection: “r ue_id 6”
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DEMO
• UE dedicated GBR bearer:
Steps
mmed
Command 1
show registered UE list: “s”
Command 2
show EPS bearer info of a UE: “s ue_id”
Command 3
add a dedicated EPS bearer (using only remote port# 5001 as
the packet filter) where QCI=1, MBR_DL=5000kbps,
MBR_UL=1500kbps, GBR_DL=1000kbps, GBR_UL=500kbps:
“add_bc ue_id_mme 5006 1 5000 1500 1000 500”
Command 4
show EPS bearer info of a UE: “s ue_id”
Command 5
delete a dedicated EPS bearer where beare_ID=6:
“del_bc ue_id_mme 6”
– Performance test: iperf
• Console 1: “iperf -u -c 10.101.131.100 -t 100 -i 1 -b 20m -p 5001”
• Console 2:“iperf -u -c 10.101.131.100 -t 100 -i 1 -b 20m -p 5006”
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DEMO
• Cell modify:
enbd command
description
initialize a cell-modify
operation: “config”
show supported commands:
lte [options] [-h]
-f, --set carrier (F)requency (default = 39150)
-p, --set (P)hysical cell identity (default = 0)
-t, --set (T)racking area code (default = 1)
-r, --set (R)eference signal power (default = -22)
-s, --set PRACH root (S)equence Index (default = 0)
-c, --set PRACH (C)onfiguration Index (default = 0)
-a, --apply the configurations
example: “lte -r -15 -a”
set Tx power to -15 (and apply immediately)
example: “lte -t 2 -a”
set TAC to 2 (and apply immediately)
example: “lte -s 1 -c 2 -a”
set PRACH root sequence index to 1 and configuration
index to 2 (and apply immediately)
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Remarks
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Software update
• Enhanced features in v2.5.160219 SW
– UL data grant via SR (Scheduling Request)
– DL resource allocation considering CQI feedback
– AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding)
– Long-cycle DRX
– Prioritized resource of GBR bearer according to
QoS parameters
– AM (Acknowledged Mode) functions in RLC/PDCP
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Software update
• Enhanced features in v2.5.160219 SW
– More RLF (Radio-Link-Failure) detection
– Phase/time synchronization via IEEE1588 PTP
server or GPS
– HW acceleration of SNOW3G/AES encryption for
control/user-plane data
– Dummy GTPU, Paging for UE in IDLE state
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Software update
• Performance in v2.5.160219 SW
– Wider cell coverage by setting Tx power, Rx gain,
and parameters of CellSelection & PRACH config.
– High throughput by setting TM=3 (i.e., Spatial
Multiplexing) even in cell boundary
– Reduce consumption of UE battery by setting DRX
and UE Inactivity timer.
– Ping RTT: (Min) 40ms, (Ave.) 90ms
– HO interruption time: (Min) 80ms, (Ave.) 250ms
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Thanks for your time. We hope
this introduction is helpful.
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