201206_panel07［平成 24 年 6 月作成］
Preparation of Japan’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
and Emissions Trend
Objectives
In 2007, Japan’s total GHG emission in the base year was determined to be 1,261 Mt
(CO2 equivalent), and the assigned amount (quota) to be achieved after the 6%
emissions reduction per one year was determined to be 1,186 Mt.
In order to effectively promote prevention of global warming, the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requires every country to
prepare and submit a Greenhouse Gas Inventory, indicating greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions and removals from anthropogenic activities.
In order to meet the requirements under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, the
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of the Center for Global Environmental Research
(CGER/GIO) prepares Japan’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, and conducts
research to further improve the accuracy of the GHG Inventory.
The Kyoto Protocol set mandatory GHG emissions reduction targets for developed
countries and Eastern European countries including Russia (Annex I countries). At
present, it is the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2008–2012), during
which Japan must reduce its emissions by, on average, 6% from the base year
(which is 1990 for CO2, CH4 and N2O, and 1995 for HFCs, PFCs and SF6 emissions).
UNFCCC
Outline
Submission
of GHG
Inventory
Japanese
Submission
of GHG
Inventory
Government
Secretariat
1. Preparation and submission of the GHG Inventory to the UNFCCC
Ministry of the
Environment
Request for
GHG Inventory
preparation
GIO
Submission of
the draft GHG
Inventory
Request for Data
Related Ministries/
Agencies
GIO collects activity data such as fuel consumption, emission factors and other related
data from national statistics and related ministries and agencies, and compiles a GHG
Inventory together with private consultant companies (Figure 1).
NIES/CGER
Preparation
support
Data provision
Private Consultant
Companies
Figure 1. Japan’s institutional arrangement for the national inventory preparation
This inventory is then submitted through the Ministry of the Environment and the
Japanese Government to the UNFCCC in Bonn, Germany, where it is reviewed by the
UNFCCC Secretariat and expert review team. GIO responds also to questions with
regard to Japan’s national inventory arising during the review process.
Unit MtCO2
1,400
+10%
+5%
±0%
1,200
−5%
2. Trend in GHG emissions indicated by the Japanese GHG Inventory
The total emission change from 1990 to 2010 of the 6 greenhouse gases which are the
target for emission reduction according to the Kyoto Protocol is shown in Figure 2.
The total emission in fiscal year 2010 was 1,258 Mt, which was a 0.3% decrease
compared with the base year. Looking at the GHGs separately, CO2 emissions have
increased, but CH4, N2O, HFs, PFCs and SF6 emissions have decreased. The
increase in CO2 emissions in 2010 compared to the preceding fiscal year is thought to
be the result of the growing production mainly in the manufacturing sector due to the
economic recovery after the recession in FY 2008, and the increased electric power
consumption due to the extreme heat in summer and severe cold in winter that year.
1,000
SF6
PFCs
800
HFCs
N2O
CH4
CO2
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Base year
Fiscal year
Figure 2. Total GHG emissions trend
As to sector specific CO2 emissions, the commercial, residential and transportation
sectors show an increase from the base year (Figure 3). In the commercial sector, the
increase in emissions can be attributed to the increase in
office floor area, and as a consequence, the growing use of
70% Agriculture
air conditioning, lighting, and electricity consumption by
24% Waste
4% Fuel combustion
office appliances, while in the residential sector, it is
2% Fugitive emission from fuels
thought to be due to the increase in power consumption
1% Industrial processes
and the increase of the number of households. With regard
to the transportation sector, GHG emissions from cars had
increased until 2001, but this trend seems to have taken a
FY 2010
CH4
turn and GHG emissions since then are decreasing. The
20.4
Mt CO -eq.
annual variation of GHG emissions is also influenced by
the operation rate of nuclear power plants, hot or cold
summers/winters and economic conditions.
• The amount of total emission is calculated by multiplying the emission of each GHG by the global warming potential.
• The figure of base year under the Kyoto Protocol is the figure indicated in “Report on Japan’s Assigned Amount”, which is
emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O in 1990 and emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 in 1995. HFCs, PFCs and SF6 emissions
between 1990 and 1994 are not included. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Japan is required to reduce emissions by 6% from the
base year emissions, including emission trading and removals by forest carbon sink.
50% Agriculture
29% Fuel combustion
15% Waste
5% Industrial processes
0.4% Solvent and other product use
1% Metal production
emissions
0.2% By-product
from production of HCFC-22
2% Fugitive emissions
and
73% Refrigeration
air conditioning equipment
2010
FY 2010
F-gas
N2O
HFCs, PFCs, SF6
Mt CO2-eq.
Mt CO2-eq.
Figure 5. Breakdown of N2O emissions
Figure 6. Breakdown of HFCs, PFCs
and SF6 emissions
22.1
2
Figure 4. Breakdown of CH4 emissions
1% Foam blowing
4% Aerosol, MDI
6% Solvent and other product use
11% Semiconductor production
3% Electrical equipment
23.5
Unit MtCO2
500
Industries sector
482 ▶ 422 (−12.5%)
450
Transport sector
217 ▶ 232 (+6.7%)
400
350
Commercial and other sectors
164 ▶ 217 (+31.9%)
300
Residential sector
127 ▶ 172 (+34.8%)
250
200
Energy industries
67.9 ▶ 81.0 (+19.3%)
150
Industrial processes
62.3 ▶ 41.2 (−33.9%)
100
50
0
18% (8%) Commercial and other sectors
14% (5%) Residential sector
3% (3%) Industrial processes
2% (2%) Waste
0.003% Others (e.g. fuel leakage)
7% (33%) Energy industries
35% (29%) Industries sector
19% (19%) Transport sector
(0.003%)
( ) : Direct emissions
Indirect emissions
Direct emissions
FY 2010
CO2
1,192 Mt
Waste
22.7 ▶ 27.4 (+20.6%)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Base year
Fiscal year
Figure 3. Sector specific trends in CO2 emissions (Indirect emissions)
Indirect emissions: emissions from power and steam generation are allocated to the sector in which the final demand occurs
【Contact】 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (GIO)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER) National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
Website: www-gio.nies.go.jp E-mail: [email protected]
( ): Relative increase/decrease
from the base year
Figure 7. Breakdown of CO2 emissions