Name
Date
* * * Study Guide* * *
Group#
Lesson 1
1. In a human, at the end of mitosis there are 2 cells, each with
23 pairs of
chromosomes.
2. A cell plate
grows between 2 new plant cells to help divide them; animal cells
don’t have this!
3. In the nucleus, the structure that contains a code known as DNA is called
chromosomes
(X-shaped).
4. When a cell nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei,
mitosis
has occurred.
5.
Telophase
is the phase that pinches the cytoplasm into 2 new cells.
6.
Interphase
is the phase that the cell spends most of its time in; when the
chromosomes (DNA) are being copied.
7.
Anaphase
is the phase where the chromosomes are being pulled to opposite
sides of the cell.
8.
Metaphase is the phase where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
9. The dot in the center of the chromosome that holds it together is called a
centromere .
10. During prophase the nuclear membrane disappear.
11. The formation of two nuclei with identical chromosomes is called mitosis .
12. Nerve cells & muscle cells are always in
interphase .
Lesson 2
13. Budding is the way hydra reproduces, by growing another hydra off of their side.
14.
Fission
is the way bacteria reproduce, by splitting in half.
15. A full set of chromosomes (TWO of every chromosome) is called
diploid ; ½ a set of
chromosomes (like in sex cells) is called haploid .
16.
Sexual
reproduction occurs when egg & sperm join to produce a new individual.
17.
Asexual
reproduction occurs when an organism is produced from only 1
parent.
18.
Fertilization
is the joining of an egg and sperm.
19. Regeneration
is the way starfish reproduce; an arm can grow into a whole
new starfish.
20. A human skin cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes; An egg or sperm has 23 individual
chromosomes.
21.
Budding
is a type of asexual reproduction in which a small exact copy of the
adult grows from the body of the parent.
22.
Sperm
are the male sex cells; Eggs
are the female sex cells.;
23. The process of nuclear division that forms sex cells is called meiosis .
24. After meiosis, you have 4 cells each with ½ chromosomes called
haploid
cells (chromosomes are single).
25. A
zygote
is a cell that forms when an egg and a sperm join.
26. Three examples of asexual reproduction would be
budding
,
fission
and
regeneration
.
27.
Body
cells divide during mitosis and sex
cells divide during meiosis.
28. If a diploid tomato cell has 24 chromosomes, the tomato's sex cells will have
12 chromosomes.
29.
Fission
is a type of asexual reproduction in which an organism with no nucleus
divides into two identical organisms.
30.
Regeneration
is a type of asexual reproduction in which a whole new organism
grows from each piece of the parent.
31. Meiosis is the division of sex cells; mitosis is the division of
body cells.
Lesson 3
32. When a mistake happens in the process of copying DNA, the result is called
mutation .
33.
Watson
and
Crick
made a “twisted spiral” model of DNA.
34. The handrails of a DNA ladder are made of
deoxyribose
and phosphate .
35. The stairs (steps) of the DNA ladder are made of
nitrogen bases .
36. The 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA:
adenine
pairs with
thymine
;
guanine
pairs with
cytosine
.
37.
Mutation
is any permanent change in a cell’s genetic material; this can be
caused by
XRAYS ,
sunlight , and
chemicals .
38. The codes for making protein are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by RNA .
39. The sections of DNA that contain instructions for producing specific proteins are
called genes .
40. RNA contains the base
uracil
instead of thymine.
41.
DNA
is the code that contains all the information that an organism needs to
grow and function.
42. Rosalind Franklin
discovered the shape of DNA using an XRAY technique.
43. Steps of DNA replication:
(1) An
enzyme
unzips the DNA.
(2) Exposed bases pair up with bases floating in the cytoplasm .
(3)
Deoxyribose
& Phosphate fill in the handrails of each new DNA strand.
44. Predict the base pairs of DNA: C A G T A T C G G C C T A T A T C
G T C A T A G C C G G A T A T A G
45.
Number of Strands
Type of Sugar
Letter Names of Bases
Where Found
46.
DNA
RNA
2
Deoxyribose
G, A, C, T
Nucleus
1
Ribose
G, A, C, U
Nucleus & Cytoplasm
47.
Name
Date
* * * Chapter 4----Study Guide* * *
Group#
Lesson 1
1. At the end of mitosis there are _____cells, each with _______________of chromosomes (in
a human)
2. A _______________grows between 2 new plant cells to help divide them; animal cells
don’t have this!
3. In the nucleus, the structure that contains a code known as DNA is called
____________________ (X-shaped).
4. When a cell nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei, ________________has occurred.
5. __________________is the phase that pinches the cytoplasm into 2 new cells.
6. ____________________is the phase that the cell spends most of its time in; when the
chromosomes (DNA) are being copied.
7. ____________________is the phase where the chromosomes are being pulled to opposite
sides of the cell.
8. __________________is the phase where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
9. The dot in the center of the chromosome that holds it together is called a
____________________.
10. During prophase the _______________________disappear.
11. The formation of two nuclei with identical chromosomes is called ________________.
12. Nerve cells & muscle cells are always in _________________.
Lesson 2
13. ________________is the way hydra reproduces, by growing another hydra off of their side.
14. ____________________is the way bacteria reproduce, by splitting in half.
15. A full set of chromosomes (TWO of every chromosome) is called_____________; ½ a set of
chromosomes (like in sex cells) is called_________________.
16. ______________reproduction occurs when egg & sperm join to produce a new individual.
17. ___________________reproduction occurs when an organism is produced from only 1
parent.
18. ____________________is the joining of an egg and sperm.
19. ________________________ is the way starfish reproduce; an arm can grow into a whole
new starfish.
20. A human skin cell has _____pairs of chromosomes; A human egg or sperm has _____
individual chromosomes.
21. ________________is a type of asexual reproduction in which a small exact copy of the
adult grows from the body of the parent.
22. ______________are the male sex cells; __________are the female sex cells.
23. The process of nuclear division that forms sex cells is called _______________.
24. After meiosis, you have ______cells each with ______chromosomes called __________cells
(chromosomes are single).
25. A______________is a cell that forms when an egg and a sperm join.
26. Three examples of asexual reproduction would be____________________,
____________________, and _________________________.
27. __________cells divide during mitosis and __________cells divide during meiosis.
28. If a diploid tomato cell has 24 chromosomes, the tomato's sex cells will have
_____chromosomes.
29. _________________is a type of asexual reproduction in which an organism with no nucleus
divides into two identical organisms.
30. _______________________is a type of asexual reproduction in which a whole new organism
grows from each piece of the parent.
31. Meiosis is the division of __________cells; mitosis is the division of __________cells.
Lesson 3
32. When a mistake happens in the process of copying DNA, the result is called
____________________.
33. ______________and ______________made a “twisted spiral” model of DNA.
34. The handrails of a DNA ladder are made of ____________________and ________________.
35. The stairs (steps) of the DNA ladder are made of ___________________________.
36. The 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA: _________________pairs with ____________________;
____________________pairs with ____________________.
37. ____________________is any permanent change in a cell’s genetic material; this can be
caused by ______________, _______________, and ____________________.
38. The codes for making protein are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by_______.
39. The sections of DNA that contain instructions for producing specific proteins are
called __________.
40. RNA contains the nitrogen base_____________ instead of thymine.
41. _______is the code that contains all the information that an organism needs to grow and
function.
42. ____________________discovered the shape of DNA using an ______________technique.
43. Steps of DNA replication:
(1) An __________unzips the DNA.
(2) Exposed bases pair up with bases floating in the _________________.
(3) __________________& _______________fill in the handrails of each new DNA strand.
44.
Predict the base pairs of DNA: C A G T A T C G G C C T A T A T C
__________________________________________
45.
DNA
Number of Strands
Type of Sugar
Letter Names of Bases
Where Found
46.
RNA
&
47.