Conus pacei Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 55, pl. 7, fig. 6, pl. 9, figs. 11 & 12
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off S coast of Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas; 240 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Dalliconus Species:-pacei
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas
Habitat:-Found at depths of 250 meters
Description:-Source Original description
Shell thin, fragile, delicate, elongated in shape; spire high, protracted; shoulder sharp-angled,
smooth; protoconch large, 2 whorls; aperture narrow; body whorl ornamented with numerous
incised spiral sulci, giving shell silky appearance; spire whorls ornamented with 3-4 thin, spiral
threads; shell color pure white; interior of aperture white; periostracum thin, yellow, translucent.
Discussion:-Discussion: Conus pacei is a member of a close- knit species complex of deep water
cones comprising Conus mazei Deshayes, C. rainseae McGinty, and C. macgintyi Pilsbry. In
having a rough-textured shell, C. pacei is closest to C. macgintyi Pilsbry, but differs in being a
much smaller, stockier shell, by lacking the beaded shoulder and spire whorls, and by being a
pure white shell instead of having bands of large brown spots and brown spire flammules. In
shape and size, C. pacei comes closest to C. rainseae McGinty from off Yucatan, Mexico, but
differs in having a strongly sculptured body whorl and by lacking a color pattern. From the
southern Caribbean C. mazei Deshayes, C. pacei differs in being a smaller, stockier shell, by
having a much higher spire, by having a sculptured body whorl, and by lacking a spotted color
pattern.
In many ways, particularly in size, proportions, and sculpturing, C. pacei resembles a pale C.
insculptus Kiener from deep water in the Melanesian- Philippines region. This species resembles
Dalliconus sauros in shell shape. However, the nodules are small and closely spaced unlike the
large pronounced nodules in D. sauros.
----------
Conus pacificus Moolenbeek & Röckel, 1996
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Bill Fenzan & Paul Kersten
Published in: Bull. Mus. nat. Hist. nat.. Paris. ser. IV, xviii, p. 395, figs. 4-7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bayonnaise Bank, off Wallis & Futuna Is. (11deg 53. 6' S. 179deg 32.0' W);
597-600 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20.2 x 7.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-pacificus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Wallis and Futuna Islands
Habitat:-Found at depths of 300- 600 metres
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small. cylindrical. fusiform. smooth. and glossy. Relative diameter (RD) of last whorl 0.49.
relative spire height (RSH) 0.27. Protoconch partly broken. maximum diameter 0.8 mm.
Teleoconch with 7.25 whorls. the first three to four whorls with small nodules and two spiral
grooves. On the last whorl only one spiral groove. Shoulder slightly angulate, spire a little
convex. sutural ramp almost flat. A few indistinct basal grooves.
Ground colour white. with light brown axial streaks and very fine spiral lines consisting of very
fine white spots. On the last whorl four continuous axial brown streaks from base to suture.
Dimensions: shell length 20.2 mm. diameter 7.3 mm. aperture height 14.7 mm.
Discussion:-Superficially Conus pacificus appears to be most similar to the sympatric species C.
cylindraceus Broderip & Sowerby I, 1830, especially in its shape. It differs by the colour which
is a redder brown in C. cylindraceus, and the presence of spiral white spotted lines. The
protoconch of Conus cylindraceus is narrower (diameter 0.7 mm). its spire outline is sigmoid
(upper part concave, following part convex) instead of convex, and the tuberculation of the spire
whorls is less pronounced. Conus auratinus Da Motta. 1982, although attaining a larger size and
having a lower spire, is also similar in shape and pattern and might be a closely related species.
Juveniles of Conus episcopatus Da Mona, 1882 may have a similar colour pattern but always
have a more flat-sided spire.
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Conus pagodus Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 310, pl. 70, f. 4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tahiti (erroneus)
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 42 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-pagoda
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines; New Caledonia; probably Red Sea (Dahlak
Archipelago).
Habitat:-Founds at depths of 50-400 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl conical to pyriform; outline
almost straight to variably sigmoid, gradually or abruptly constricted at basal third. Shoulder
angulate to carinate, with a deep exhalent notch. Spire of moderate height to high, variably
stepped; outline concave. Larval shell of 3-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1 mm. First 5-8
postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat or concave, with strong radial
threads crossing 0-1 increasing to 4-6 major spiral grooves; sometimes about 6 additional minor
grooves in last whorls. Last whorl with spiral ribbons or ribs and ribbons from base to shoulder;
ribs mainly below shoulder and at base.
Ground colour white. Below shoulder and at centre, last whorl encircled with 2 weak or distinct
bands composed of light brown dots and flecks; occasionally basal third with an additional
brown band, and ground colour areas with irregular dotted lines. Larval whorls white to beige.
First 0-3 postnuclear sutural ramps variably suffused with brown; following ramps with scattered
or regular brown radial markings. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 34-50 mm
RW 0.11-0.26 g/mm
RD 0.59-0.71
PMD 0.85-0.94
RSH 0.21-0.28
Discussion:-This species has often been called C. cancellatus, but the holotype of that taxon
represents a similar W. Atlantic species. C. pagodus resembles C. arcuatus from the Panamic
Province; however, the latter species differs in its narrower and weaker grooves around the last
whorl and in the absence of spiral grooves on its sutural ramps. Among Indo-Pacific species, C.
boholensis and C. asiaticus lovellreevei have the most similar colour pattern. C. asiaticus has a
lower spire (RSH 0.15-0.20) and a narrower last whorl (0.53-0.59) that is not pyriform; its larval
shell is also narrower (0.7-0.8 mm) and has fewer whorls (2-2.5), and its periostracum is smooth
and translucent.
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name
----------
Conus panamicus Petuch, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Nautilus. 104 (2), p. 67, f. 26 & 27
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Portobelo, Panama
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus granarius Kiener, 1845 or a subspecies of that species
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name panamicus
----------
Conus papilliferus Sowerby I, 1834
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Conch Ill (1834, pt. 56, fig. 79)
Picture link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch. Illus. pt. 56-7, f. 79
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Sowerby I (1834, pt. 56, fig. 79)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-papilliferus
Synonyms:- jukesii Reeve, 1848; comptus A. Adams, 1854; rossiteri Brazier, 1870
Geographic Range:-New South Wales, Australia
Habitat:-In shallow water; on flats, inhabiting areas sheltered from constant wave pounding
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to medium sized, light to moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical to broadly and
ventricosely conical, sometimes slightly pyriform; outline convex, straight or sometimes slightly
concave near base; left side sigmoid. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate
height; outline almost straight, with projecting larval shell. Larval shell of 1.5-2 whorls,
maximum diameter 1.1-1.2 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave; 4 increasing
to 6-10 rather fine spiral grooves on late ramps. Last whorl with variably spaced weak spiral ribs
at base.
Ground colour grey to light blue or light violet. Last whorl with olive to dark brown flecks,
blotches, flames and axial zigzag lines, usually arranged above and below a slightly paler spiral
band at centre. Spiral rows of usually alternating brown and white dots extending from base to
shoulder, variable in number and prominence. Base and basal part of columella white to light
grey. Larval whorls grey to pale blue. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown radial markings.
Aperture dark violet-brown behind a white margin, with a paler central band.
Shell Morphometry
L 20-37 mm
RW 0.05-0.20 g/mm
RD 0.66-0.73
PMD 0.77-0.85
RSH 0.08-0.14
Discussion:-C. aplustre is similar to C. papilliferus in shape and sculpture. The latter species is
often larger and less straight in outline. Its last whorl pattern lacks spiral colour bands but has
olive to dark brown axial markings, and the dotted spiral lines are more often incomplete or
absent; its last whorl sculpture is less prominent, and its periostracum has spiral rows of tufts.
The animals have a quite different colouration.
C. ardisiaceus may also be similar but differs in its generally larger size (L 25-55 mm), higher
spire (RSH 0.10-0.20) and more ventricose last whorl (PMD 0.70-0.83). Its last whorl pattern
often forms 2-3 spiral bands, its base and columella are brown.
----------
Conus papuensis Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1982
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in Naturalis, Leiden Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Bull. Zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam. 8, p. 133, figs. 1 & 2
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Hansa Bay, New Guinea (4deg 10' S. 144deg 50' W); 60-90 m.
Type Data: Holotype in ZMA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26.3 x 12.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-papuensis
Synonyms:- moylani Delsaerdt, 2000
Geographic Range:-E. Papua New Guinea
Habitat:-Found at depths of 40-100m in mud
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical; outline
convex at adapical half, straight (right side) to concave (left side) below. Shoulder angulate,
sometimes irregularly undulate. Spire high, outline concave. Larval shell of 2 whorls, maximum
diameter about 0.9 mm. First 4-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, later whorls undulate to
smooth. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1-2 increasing to 2-3 weak spiral grooves and many
spiral striae. Last whorl with variably spaced, often finely granulose spiral ribs from base to
shoulder, sometimes largely smooth adapically.
Ground colour white. Entire last whorl encircled with closely spaced, fine and coarse, dotted and
solid, yellowish to reddish brown lines; a pale spiral band may be present near centre, with
brown axial maculae above and below. First 1-2 adapical spiral lines consist partly or completely
of axial dashes, some of which extend onto shoulder ramp. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear
sutural ramps with irregularly spaced yellowish to reddish brown radial streaks. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 19-34 mm
RW 0.07-0.09 g/mm
(L 20-27 mm)
RD 0.61-0.66
PMD 0.87-0.93
RSH 0.24-0.28
Discussion:
---------Conus paraguana Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 111, pl. 25, f. 12 & 13
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Los Taques, Paraquana Peninsula, Falcon, Venezuela, Gulf of Mexico.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus flavescens Sowerby ii, 1834
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-flavescens paraguana forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Venezuela
Habitat:-Dredged around 35 m.
Description:-Source Petuch original description
Shell small for genus, thin, slender, smooth and polished; spire elevated, straight-sided; shoulder
slightly rounded; anterior end with 8 deeply-impressed sulci; spire whorls smooth; color pale
yellow with two wide bands of pale tan, closely- packed lines of dots and dashes; wide bands of
dots separated by wide, white band around mid-body; white mid- body band with 2 lines of tiny
tan dots; spire whorls heavily marked with numerous, large, yellow-tan flammules; interior of
aperture white; periostracum thin, yellow, transparent, smooth.
Discussion:-This distinctive little species doesn't resemble any known western Atlantic cone
shell. Juveniles of C. cingulatus Lamarck could be confused with C. paraguana but can easily be
separated from the new species by being heavily sculptured, by having lower spires, and by
being more darkly colored. In being a highly polished shell with bands composed of rows of
dots, C. paraguana most closely resembles C. dispar Sowerby from the eastern Pacific Panamic
Province, and may be its Atlantic analogue.
----------
Conus parascalaris Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 112, pl. 25, f. 14 & 15
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Gulf of Venezuela, off Punto Fijo, Falcon, Venezuela; 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 23 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-parascalaris
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Venezuela
Habitat:-35 metres
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell thin, fragile, elongated; spire elevated, protracted, scalariform; shoulder sharply angled;
body whorl smooth, polished; anterior end with numerous fine, incised sulci; color white,
overlaid with closely-packed, thin, vertical, pale tan flammules; spire with scattered tan,
crescent-shaped flammules; interior of aperture white; periostracum thin, pale tan, with tufts
along shoulder.
Discussion:-Like Conus paraguana, C. parascalaris most closely resembles a species that is not
from the western Atlantic but is, instead, from the Panamic Province. The widespread eastern
Pacific species C. scalaris Valenciennes is the closest relative of this new Venezuelan species. In
the Caribbean region, C. parascalaris could only be confused with C. paraguana, but differs in
having a much more protracted, scalariform spire, and by lacking the rows of dots which are
characteristic of C. paraguana. From C. scalaris, C. parascalaris differs in being a much
smaller, more fragile shell, and by having a color pattern composed of fine, vertical, hairline
flammules. Conus parascalaris appears to be the Atlantic analogue of C. scalaris.
---------Conus parius Reeve, 1844
Pictures:
Picture Link: Figure Conch. Icon. pl. 43, sp. 235.
Picture link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus, pl. 43, sp. 235
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Stainforth and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size :32 x 18.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Phasmoconus Species:-parius
Synonyms:- lineatus Röding, 1798
Geographic Range:-Philippines and Indonesia to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is. and Vanuatu
Habitat:-In 2-20 m, on mud and muddy sand bottoms
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical; outline
convex adapically, less so or straight below. Shoulder subangulate or rounded. Spire usually low,
outline variably concave. Larval Shell multispiral, maximum diameter0.7-0.8 mm. Teleoconch
sutural ramps flat, with 0-1 increasing to 2-4 spiral grooves, additional spiral striae in latest
whorls; sculpture usually weak on last ramp but with a distinct adaxial groove. Last whorl with
almost equally spaced axially striate spiral grooves on basal half; ribbons between may turn into
groups of ribs towards base.
Colour grey or cream white, grading to light brown; juveniles dark brown. Some of these colour
tones often blend together both on last whorl and later sutural ramps. Larval whorls grey to
beige. Early postnuclear sutural ramps brown. Aperture usually white, or shaded with violet deep
within; orange in specimens from Moluccas.
Shell Morphometry
L 30-43 mm
RW 0.10-0.20 g/mm
RD 0.53-0.63
PMD 0.76-0.84
RSH 0.09-0.13
Discussion:-C. parius is most similar to C. radiatus, which often can be easily separated by its
larger size. C. radiatus also differs in its slightly concave later sutural ramps with a stronger
spiral sculpture and a pronounced subsutural ridge rather than of a pronounced adaxial groove,
and in its darker colouration with a light base and often a contrasting light shoulder band. In the
Solomon Is. and probably in W. Thailand, shells intermediate in sculpture between C. radiatus
and C. parius occur. These shells resemble C. parius more closely whith respect to
morphometry: L 33 - 41 mm RW 0.12 - 0.20 g/mm RD 0.55 - 0.59 PMD 0.77/0.78 RSH 0.09 0.12 They differ from both C. parius and C. radiatus in their last whorl pattern of well-separate
brown axial streaks and flames on a white ground. Some specimens show traces of a spiral band
within the adapical and abapical thirds. R.K. & K. provisionally assign these specimens to C.
parius rather than to C. radiatus.
---------Conus parvatus Walls, 1979
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Link: sharmiensis Manuel Tenorio & Rolán
Published in: Pariah no. 5, p. 4
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Natal, South Africa
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21.4 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Harmoniconus Species:-parvatus
Synonyms:- pusillus Reeve, 1843; pusillus Sowerby ii, 1857; sharmiensis Wils, 1986
Geographic Range:-Red Sea - N Transkei, RSA - W Thailand
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal, usually in 0.5-5 m; on beachrock benches and reef flats,
on sand among vegetation, in rock crevices, on dead coral heads and rocks, and on reef limestone
or beachrock with or without a thin layer of sand .
Description:-Source Living Conidae.
Small to moderately small, moderately light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical or
ventricosely conical to broadly ventricosely conical; outline convex at adapical half, usually
straight below. Large specimens have a transverse central ridge within aperture. Shoulder
rounded to subangulate, infrequently angulate; finely tuberculate to almost smooth. Spire of low
to moderate height, outline straight to convex. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 2-3 spiral
grooves in later whorls. Last whorl with obsolete to fine and smooth to finely granulose ribs
around basal part.
Ground colour white to pale grey, often suffused with blue. Last whorl with pronounced spiral
rows of alternating reddish brown and white dashes and dots from base to subshoulder area or to
shoulder. Reddish brown axial blotches and one or a few narrow, light brown spiral bands may
be located above centre. Base of columella purplish blue. Outer edges of late sutural ramps with
brown dots, fine lines or, more often, bundles of lines between tubercles. Aperture light to dark
purplish blue, occasionally with 2 pale bands, at centre and below shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 14-30 mm
RW 0.06-0.16 g/mm
RD 0.61-0.81
PMD 0.78-0.90
RSH 0.02-0.17
Form sharmiensis is very similar to typical form. Wils stated differences are a blood red colour
to spots, axial marks on shoulder edge and no marks on spire.
Discussion:-C. parvatus is a very closely related to C. musicus and to C. sponsalis. C. sponsalis
differs in the colour pattern of its shell: no pronounced spiral rows of alternating brown and
white dots and dashes; typical form with a double row of reddish brown axial flames;
pronounced blotches between shoulder tubercles; and in the colouration of its animal. The more
intensely patterned shells of C. parvatus from Reunion have a more straight-sided last whorl than
those of C. sponsalis. Kohn (1968b) referred to this species it as the Indian Ocean form of C.
musicus. Walls [1979] described it as a geographic subspecies. The colour pattern of C. parvatus
lacks the broad spiral bands of typical C. musicus and form mighelsi, and the brown central area
of form ceylanensis. C. parvatus has a slightly more solid shell with a usually less angulate and
less tuberculate shoulder and a smoother last whorl. However, because it occurs sympatrically
with typical C. musicus in Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands and W. Thailand and intergrades have
not been observed (Wils, 1986), R.K. & K. favour the status of a separate valid species. Reeve's
C. pusillus refers obviously to this species, but it is a junior homonym and therefore not valid.
Wils (1986) described shells from the Red Sea as C. parvatus sharmiensis, on the basis of minor
shape and colour pattern differences, but examination of larger samples indicates that the
geographic differences are not consistent.
Conus parvatus sharmiensis Wils, 1986
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Link: Manuel Tenorio & Rolán
Published in: Gloria Maris 25 (5 – 6), p. 189, figs 71 - 72
Ocean geography: Red Sea
Type Locality: Marsa el'At, 7 kms North of Sharm el Sheikh, Gulf of Akaba, Red Sea
Type Data: Holotype in ZMUA- Naturalis deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 19.5 x 11.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus parvatus
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Harmoniconus Species:-parvatus sharmiensis forma
Geographic Range:-Red
Description: Form sharmiensis is very similar to typical form. Wils stated differences are a
blood red colour to spots, axial marks on shoulder edge and no marks on spire.
----------
Conus parvulus Link, 1807
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Martini (1773, pl. 63, fig. 707)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Besch. Nat.-Samml. Univ. Rostock, 3e Abth., p. 106
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Martini (1773, pl. 63, fig. 707)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus biliosus Röding, 1798
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lividoconus Species:-biliosus parvulus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Australia
Habitat:-Intertidal and slightly subtidal.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. biliosus
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately light to solid. Last whorl conical, ventricosely
conical or broadly and ventricosel y conical, occasionally pyriform; outline variably convex at
adapical fourth to half and straight to moderately concave below; left side often sigmoid. In
Indian populations, last whorl most conical, RD most variable. Shoulder angulate to subangulate,
distinctly tuberculate to irregularly edged. Spire of low to moderate height, outline slightly
concave to slightly convex. Postnuclear spire whorls variably tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural
ramps almost flat, with 1 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves; spiral sculpture may be weak in last
whorls. Entire last whorl with rather evenly spaced, wrinkled spiral ribs and alternating wrinkled
threads; spiral sculpture may be weaker toward shoulder, and some specimens are quite smooth.
Ground colour pale greyish blue or pale pink. Last whorl spirally banded with tan to olive brown
or orangish brown, usually with variably broad ground-colour bands at centre and shoulder. In
Indian Ocean populations, last whorl often maculated with bluish brown axial streaks; overlying
spiral rows of brown dots sparsely to heavily developed on ribs. Basal part of last whorl and
columella dark brown; in Indian shells basal part mostly orange or tan, often similar to adjacent
parts. Apex light brown or pink. Teleoconch sutural ramps radially maculated with orange to
blackish brown, varying from sparse spots between marginal tubercles to solid dark brown
colouration. In small adults, aperture bluish violet, edged with brownish violet, with a pale
central band and a translucent marginal zone; aperture white in large adults.
C. parvulus is shorter and wider, the spire whorls more coronate, the brown flecks sparse in axial
forms, the base darker, spire unmarked except for small brown spots between coronations.
Discussion:-Similar to C. biliosus which is larger, more elongate, base same color as shell, spire
heavily/sparsely streaked dark brown, and usually flammules of dark brown.
----------
Conus paschalli Petuch, 1998
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in CMNH Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Nautilus. cxi, no. 1, p. 36, figs. 2 & 3
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: S. side Bragman's Bluff, N. of Puerto Cabazas, Miskito Coast, Nicaragua;
intertidal.
Type Data: Holotype in CMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-paschalli
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Nicaragua
Habitat:-On beach flats, low tide
Description:-Source: Original description
Conus of smaller than average length for subgenus Leptoconus (adults av 24 mm), with stocky
body whorl, wide shoulder, and proportionally low spire. Shoulder sharply-angled, subcarinate.
Spire whorls flattened, not caniculate. Operculum unknown. General shell form subpyriform,
with convex body sides on body whorl. Body whorl tapers abruptly anteriorly, pinching-off
noticeably to produce narrow siphonal area. Spire whorls slightly raised above suture line, giving
stepped appearance to overall spire. Body whorl smooth and polished, marked with numerous
very faint longitudinal growth lines. Spire whorls marked with very numerous, closely-spaced
crescent-shaped threads. Anterior one- third of body whorl encircled with 9-11 evenly-spaced,
deeply-impressed spiral sulci. Aperture proportionally narrow, widening slightly on anterior onehalf of shell. Protoconch unknown, missing on holotype and type lot. Based upon proportions of
broken early whorls, protoconch probably large and bulbous. Base color white or
pale yellowish-white, overlaid with 8-10 evenly-spaced spiral bands of large orange dots and
blotches. In some cases, such as in holotype, dots and rectangular blotches coalesce to produce
large, widely-spaced orange longitudinal flammules arranged in 'zebra' pattern. Clear white band,
devoid of markings, except for few small spots, present just anteriorward of midbody line. Clear
band separates dots and longitudinal flammules into two wide sections, one extending from
shoulder to below midbody line, and a narrower one extending around anterior end of shell.
Anterior tip of shell very pale pinkish-lavender. Spire whorls white, marked with widely spaced,
orange, crescent-shaped flammules. Early whorls (and presumed prntoconch) pale orange.
Interior of aperture white. Based on small patch still adhering to outer lip of holotype (later
removed by cleaning in sodium hypochlorite), periostracum is thick, heavy, brown in color,
marked with very fine, longitudinal striae.
Discussion:-Of the known Caribbean small Leptoconus species, Conus paschalli is most similar
to Conus portobeloensis Petuch, 1990 from the San Blas Islands region of Panama. The new
species differs from its southern congener in the followlng ways;
1.shell shape-C. paschalli is a smaller (av. 24 mm) species than C. portobeloensis with a
stockier, proportionally shorter, and more pyriform body whorl; the shoulder of C. paschalli is
sharplv-angled, almost carinated, while C. portobeloensis has a more rounded shoulder edge
with only the faintest hint of a carina;
2. spire-the spire of of C. paschalli, although low like that of C. portobeloensis, is distinctly
stepped, with the spire whorls being slightly raised above each subsequent suture line; the spire
of the Panamanian species has depressed sutures, producing a gradually-sloping spire outline
instead of a scalariform one; the spire whorls are planar on the new species, while those of C.
portobeloensis are sloping and faintly canaliculate;
3. shell sculpture-C. paschalli has a smooth shell with faint longitudinal striae, while the shell of
C. portobeloensis is distinctly sculptured with fine spiral threads and striae; the anterior third to
the body whorl of C. paschalli is encircled with 9-11 large, deeply-incised sulci, while the
anterior third of C. portobeloensis is encircled by at least 20 thin, faint raised cords and an equal
number of shallow, thin sulci;
4. color-while both species have a color pattern composed of spiral lines of dots and large
coalescing longitudinal flammules, C. paschalli has fewer rowS of dots and the individual dots
are proportionally larger; the anterior tip of C. portobeloensis is pale yellow-orange while that of
C. paschalli is pale pinkish-lavender.
5. habitat-judging from the type locality, the new species prefers muddy sand localities in
shallow muddy water areas along the river effluent zone of the Miskito Coast of Nicaragua;
Conus portobeloensis, on the other hand, lives in an offshore (30 m depth) carbonate substrateclean water environment (see Petuch, 1990:68) off the Colon and San Blas coasts of Panama.
Neither species, nor anything resembling them, has been collected along the intervening clean
sandy coast of Costa Rica (Houbrick, 1968), demonstrating geographical and ecological
separation.
----------
Conus pascuensis Rehder, 1980
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Smithson. Contrib. Zool. no. 289, p. 91, pl. 9, f. 21-22
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Hanga Piko, Easter Is.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus miliaris Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Miliariconus Species:-miliaris pascuensis subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Easter Island; Chile
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 10 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. miliaris
Small to medium-sized, usually moderately light to solid. Last whorl broadly or broadly and
ventricosely conical, sometimes conical to ventricosely conical in Lndian Ocean shells; outline
slightly to distinctly convex. In large specimens, aperture often with a distinct median pad and an
oblique abapical ridge. Shoulder variably tuberculate, angulate (C. m. miliaris) or subangulate to
rounded (C. m. pascuensis). Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to convex (C. m.
miliaris) or domeshaped (C. m. pascuensis). Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.7 mm.
Postnuclear spire whorls weakly to strongly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat or faintly
concave. with 2 increasing to4-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with widely spaced granulose spiral
ribs basally, smooth or with ribbons separated by grooves adapically. In form fulgetrum, widely
set, fine, punctate grooves encircling a variable adapical portion of last whorl.
Ground colour white. Last whorl heavily tinged with apricot-tan or greyish rose leaving only
blotches, broad axial zigzag lines, and broad arrow-shaped markings. White blotches fusing into
a spiral band at centre and a faint band below shoulder. Variously spaced spiral rows of
alternating brown and opaque white dots and dashes from base to shoulder. Larval whorls white,
beige, pink or violet-red. Postnuclear sutural ramps with broad red-orange to red-brown dashes
composed of collabral lines between tubercles. Aperture purplish pink to brownish violet, with
paler bands at centre and below shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 22-43 mm
RW 0.12-0.48 g/mm
RD 0.67-0.83
(0.70 - 0.79 Pacific Ocean)
PMD 0.79-0.92
RSH 0.06-0.20
C. m. pascuenisis may be tinged with various shades of olive-brown and has a pronounced light
coloured band without dots and dashes below edge of shoulder.
Discussion:-No Data
---------Conus patae Abbott, 1971
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Alan Kohn
Picture link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Nautilus. 85, p. 49, f. 1-6
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Pompano Beach, Broward Co., Florida; 10 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24.4 x 13.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gladioconus Species:-patae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E Florida, USA; Jamaica; Bahamas
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20-25 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A moderately heavy shell, 20 to 30 mm, with low straight to slightly concave-sided spire. Body
whorl slightly convex, more straight-sided in Jamaican specimens, shoulder rather sharply
angled, sometimes undulate. Surface with undulating spiral ridges which are not evenly spaced,
and many axial plicae giving the shell a wrinkled appearance. Spire sharply pointed, tops of the
whorls with about six spiral threads.
Dead collected Florida specimens are white or pale salmon with two or three indistinct yellow
bands, often on the upper and lower side of a lighter coloured mid-body band. A live collected
specimen had three bands of golden yellow on a creamy white background, one at the base
extending towards a creamy mid- body band, one above the mid-body band and one mottled
band at the top of the body whorl. Fresh dead specimens from Jamaica are pink with orange
brown patches. Also in these specimens a lighter coloured mid- body band is often seen,
bordered at the upper and lower side by a row of. orange brown blotches. In addition there may
be sparse orange brown dashes arranged in spiral lines.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus patamakanthini Delsaerdt, 1998
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in Phuket Seashell Museum Original Description
Picture Link: Somwang Patamakanthin
Published in: Gloria Maris xxxvi, no. 3, p. 45. figs. 1-4
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: S. of Racha Noi Island, W. Thailand; Dredged 120 m.
Type Data: Holotype was in Phuket Seashell Museum and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 89.9 x 32.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Graphiconus Species:-patamakanthini
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Racha, Thailand
Habitat:-Found at depths around 120 m.
Description:-Source Original description
General shape narrowly conoid-cylindrical. Spire of moderate height, slightly concave; shoulder
angulate. The elongated last whorl encircled with about 40 flat ribbons on which brown, axial,
short streaks. This pattern is overlaid with irregular, brown blotches grouped in two broad,
interrupted spiral bands and in a smaller band near the shoulder. Teleoconch sutural ramps with
3-4 spiral grooves, axially and finely striated. Pattern of the spire axially veined.
Discussion:-C. australis differs from the new species by the tuberculate postnuclear whorls; the
more numerous spiral grooves on the spire whorls; the pattern of irregular blotches on the spire
(only veined in the new species) ; the form of ribs on the last whorl; the axial sculpture of the
grooves between these ribs; and its outline (in the new species the last whorl is more swollen
below the shoulder).
C. gabryae also have tuberculate postnuclear whorls; the ribs on the last whorl are duplicated and
often granulose; sometimes an axial sculpture of the grooves (as in C. australis); the bodywhorl
being more ventricose, even ovate.
---------Conus patens Sowerby iii, 1903
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SAMC Mike Filmer
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Mar. Inv. S. Afr. p. 218, pl. 3, f. 7
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Vasco da Gama Park, South Africa (Atlantic coast), green sand, deep water.
Type Data: Holotype in SAMC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 68 x 35 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus gradatulus Weinkauff, 1875
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sciteconus Species:-gradatulus patens subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South Africa Offshore in deep water, from Cape Peninsula to Namibia
(reported as far north as Walvis Bay area).
Habitat:-Deep water; Trawled offshore between 80 and 400 m of depth.
Description:-Source Iconography
General aspect of the shell as for the nominal species, but with a lower spire. The shell is white
or pale beige, paternless, occasionally a few very faint markings may be present a little above the
middle of the last whorl. Although the holotype of C. patens clearly corresponds to a white, thin
and light shell as indicated, the name has been commonly applied to heavy, chalky white shells,
often with fossil appearance even in live taken specimens. The interior of the aperture of these
shells is straw-yellow, occasionally pale pink. The operculum is very small for the size of the
shell.
Discussion:-The lower spire and the absence of pattern readily separate the shells of Atlantic C.
gradatulus patens from the higher-spired and patterned shel1s of C. gradatulus gradatulus from
the Indian Ocean. For now, and upon the information currently available, we consider the heavy,
chalky shells as ecological forms (probably as result of adaptation to an environment of corrosive
sand or mud) of C. gradatulus patens.
C. gradatulus patens is similar to C. teramachii, but it lacks the rim like carinate margins and the
heavy nodules on the early whorls of the latter. Besides, the ground color of C. teramachii is
different.
----------
Conus patglicksteinae Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 30, pl. 5. figs. 3 & 4
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Palm Beach Island, Palm Beach Co., Florida; 120 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym form of Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865; Tucker
suggests that this may form of C. amphiurgus.
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-anabathrum patglicksteinae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Beach County, Florida
Habitat:-Trawled from 400 ft.
Description:-Source Molluscan fauna 1987 C. patglicksteinae
Description: Shell solid, elongate, tapered, with low spire; body whorl smooth, with only a few
faint spiral sulci around anterior tip; shoulder sharp-angled; aperture long and narrow; color
bright pinkish-orange with band of scattered white patches around mid- body and few scattered
white patches along shoulder area; orange body color overlaid with 12 rows of large orangebrown dots and dashes; spire whorls white with large, bright orange, interconnected flammules;
interior of aperture pale pinkish-white.
Discussion:C. patglicksteinae: this deep water subspecies of the common shallow water Conus floridanus
Gabb (and its highly colored variety floridensis Sowerby) differs from the nominate species in
having a low, almost flattened spire, in being almost solid orange-pink in color, and in having
large, radiating, interconnected orange spire flammules. In many ways, particularly the low,
flattened spire and rows of large dots, C. floridanus patglicksteinae resembles certain orange
varieties of C. regularis Sowerby from the Gulf of California. The new subspecies differs from
C. floridanus burryae Clench from the Florida Keys ( a full species?) by having a much lower,
flattened spire and by having a bright pinkish- orange base color. Conus floridanus
patglicksteinae lives together with the other southeastern Florida deep water cones, C. flamingo
Petuch, C. binghamae Petuch, C. glicksteini Petuch, and C. amphiurgus Dall (= C. juliae
Clench).
----------
Conus patonganus da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 1, p. 7, f. 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Raya Is., Phuket, Thailand; ca. 100 ft.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 54 x 27 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus omaria Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name patonganus
----------
Conus patriceae Petuch & Myers, 2014
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP Petuch & Myers
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 3, p. 30 with pic., pl. 1 F, G, & H
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: off Macae, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 38x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-patriceae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- From Vitoria, Espiritu Santo State (Coltro, 2011: 86-87, fig. 15) to Cabo
Frio, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil; occurring only in depths of 200-300 m
Habitat:-From 300 m depth
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of average size for genus, wide across shoulder and tapering to anterior end, proportionally
slender, with distinctly concave sides; shoulder sharply angled, subcarinated; spire low,
flattened, only projecting on early whorls, with slightly stepped whorls; body whorl roughlytextured, ornamented with very numerous, closely-packed fine spiral cords; anterior tip with 10
strong spiral cords, separated by deeply-impressed spiral sulci; spire whorls ornamented with
extremely numerous, strong, coarse crescent-shaped radiating riblets that correspond to growth
increments; body whorl white with 3 wide bands of pale yellow-tan amorphous flammules, one
around anterior end, one around mid-body, and one around shoulder area; scattered spiral rows
of large, widely-spaced yellow-tan dots present on some specimens; spire whorls white with
widely-scattered thin, amorphous yellow-tan flammules; aperture uniformly narrow, white
within interior; early whorls and pale whitish-yellow or pale tan, slightly coronated; protoconch
pale yellow-tan, proportionally large, rounded, composed of one and one-half whorls;
periostracum thin, smooth, pale tan, translucent.
Discussion: This new deep water species is confined to the upper bathyal zone (continental
slope) of the coasts of Espiritu Santo and Rio de Janeiro States and is the deepest-dwelling
member of a species complex that contains Lamniconus clerii (Reeve, 1844) (ranging from Rio
de Janeiro State to Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil; 40-100 m depths), Lamniconus clenchi
(Martins, 1945) (ranging from southern Espiritu Santo State to Rio de Janeiro State; 40-80 m
depths), and Lamniconus carcellesi (Martins, 1945) (ranging from Rio de Janeiro State to the
Mar de Plata region of Uruguay and Argentina; 70-200 m depths) (biogeographical and
bathymetric data taken from Coltro, 2011: 24, 32, and 34). Of these three species, the bathyal
Lamniconus patriceae is morphologically closest to southern Brazilian and northern Argentinian
L. carcellesi (Figure 1I), but differs in consistently having a lower, flatter spire and
proportionally wider shoulder, in being a more highly sculptured shell with numerous coarse
spiral thread-like cords, in having fewer and stronger spiral cords around the anterior end, in
having a color pattern of pale yellow-tan flammules arranged in three distinct bands, and in
having distinctly indented sides, producing a concave shell profile.
----------
Conus patricius Hinds, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11, p. 256, Apr.
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of Nicoya
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29.5 x 14 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Pyruconus Species:-patricius
Synonyms:- pyriformis Reeve, 1843
Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W. Mexico - Ecuador; Galapagos
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Walls
Very heavy, with a low gloss; obconical, the upper sides very convex then tapering to base; body
whorl with basal ridges extending in juveniles; shoulder broad smooth, rounded, weakly angulate
with low coronations in juveniles; spire low deeply concave, the early whorls forming cone;
spire whorl margins deeply cut to produce cogwheel effect; body whorl color variable, waxy tan
in juveniles, becoming duller and paler with growth, eventually cream/ whitish; spire as body;
aperture moderately wide uniform; outer lip sharp, thin, concave at middle; inner lip concave;
mouth marginally tan creamy, interior bluish white in adults; columella long bounded heavy
twisted ridge
Discussion:-Juveniles were often called patricius while adults pyriformis.
----------
Conus paukstisi Tenorio, Tucker, Chaney, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SBMNH Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Hawaii The Sea Shells Addendum
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Oahu, Hawaii
Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Harmoniconus Species:-paukstisi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Hawaii
Habitat:-Found in shallow sand area intertidally
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small reaching about 35 mm in length; conical in shape but with slightly convex sides in
small shells ( < 20 mm); sides become very convex in larger shells and the shoulders of these are
swollen looking with indistinct shoulders where 13 to 22 nodules are present on shells up to 18
mm becoming irregular or fade out with growth in size; whorl tops of the first 2 or 3 whorls have
2 cords but these increase in number to five or more; cords spread from the whorl tops over the
nodules on to the body whorl; anterior end and interior of the aperture colored brown, rarely
purple brown; a strong constriction present inside the aperture at about midbody; coloration
highly variable depending on growth stage; smaller shells can be all blue-white, marked with
brown irregular blotches, lines or mottled on body whorl; spire coloration can be uniform bluewhite or have brown markings, in which case these are best developed between the nodules;
coloration generally lost in larger shells, which are mostly blue-white in color;
Shell morphometry:
L = 9 to 26 mm
RD = 0.61 to 0.73
RSH = 0.02 to 0.14
PMD = 0.77 to 0.85.
Discussion:-Similar to C. nanus which has purple anterior tip not brown. The spiral striae of the
whorls top run over the shoulder nodules and onto body.
----------
Conus paulae Petuch, 1988
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Neo. Hist. Trop. Amer. Moll., p. 159, pl. 36, f. 5-6
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Los Monges Is., Gulf of Venezuela; 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-paulae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Colombia
Habitat:-Found at depths around 35 m.
Description:-Source original description
Shell elongately turbinate with sharp-angled shoulder, spire protracted but not scalariform; shell
widest above mid-body, tapering rapidly toward anterior end; posterior 3/5 of body whorl
polished, smooth, with silky texture; anterior 2/5 of body whorl sculptured with deeplyimpressed spiral sulci; aperture narrow; shell color pale yellow-white, with large vertical patches
of yellow-orange and orangish-tan; midbody with wide band of white blotches separated by dark
brown zig-zag flammules; base color pattern overlaid with numerous spiral rows of elongated
brown dashes; anterior tip pale yellow; spire whorls solid yellow-orange with scattered, crescentshaped tan flammules; protoconch and early whorls dark brown; interior of aperture pale yellowwhite.
Discussion:-Conus paulae is closest to the sympatric C. undatus Kiener, 1845 but differs in
being a smaller and much more pyriform shell with a higher spire. Conus paulae is also a more
colorful shell, having large patches of bright yellow-orange and a yellow-orange spire, and in
having a yellow anterior tip. This new species also resembles the sympatric C. gibsonsmithorum
Petuch, 1986, but differs in being a larger, more colorful shell, with a more elongated outline and
higher spire. Conus gibsonsmithorum occasionally has rows of dark brown dashes like those of
C. paulae, but does not have the bright yellow-orange patches and flammules. At present, C.
paulae is known only from the Gulf of Venezuela region.
----------
Conus paulucciae Sowerby iii, 1877
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in collection Paulucci PZS, pl. 75, f. 3
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 752, pl. 75, f. 3
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mauritius
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Paulucci and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size:
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus aureus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-aureus paulucciae subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique, Mascarenes, Seychelles, Maldives, Chagos Is., W. Thailand,
and N. W. Australia.
Habitat:-Found in 30-50 m in sand or coral rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae C aureus
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl usually narrowly
conoid-cylindrical to conoid-cylindrical in C. a. paulucciae, also narrowly cylindrical to
cylindrical, ventricosely conical or ovate in C. a. aureus In C. a. paulucciae, outline of last whorl
convex at adapical fourth, almost straight below; in C. a. aureus, outline convex to almost
straight and parallel-sided at adapical two-thirds, concave at left side below. Aperture somewhat
wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate to rounded, usually more angulate in C. a.
aureus. Spire of moderate height, outline straight. Larval shell of 2.5-3 whorls and maximum
diameter 0.75-0.9 mm in C. a. aureus, of about 3 whorls and with a maximum diameter of 0.80.9 mm in C. a. paulucciae. First 4-6 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps
flat to slightly concave, with 0-2 increasing to 4-10 weak spiral grooves; additional spiral striae
on latest ramps. Last whorl with closely spaced, granulose to smooth spiral ribs from base to
shoulder, sometimes weak to obsolete toward shoulder; in C. a. paulucciae, ribs usually smooth
and generally obsolete above centre.
Ground colour white, often suffused with pink in C. a. paulucciae. Last whorl with a network of
fine light to dark brown lines and yellowish brown blotches. Lines forming zones of many tiny to
small and a few larger tents, arranged in 3-5 axial and 3 interrupted spiral bands, below shoulder
and centre and at base. Blotches grouped in 2 broad and often some additional narrow spiral
bands, interspersed with broad blackish brown axial lines. Larval whorls and first 2.5-4
postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate white in C. a. aureus; in C. a. paulucciae, apex cream to
pink, larval shell and about first 2.5 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate. Following sutural
ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white in C. a. aureus, white to light pink
in C. a. paulucciae.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-80 mm
RW 0.13-0.36 g/mm
RD 0.46-0.53
PMD (-C. a. aureus 0.70 - 0.81;-C. a. paulucciae 0.75 - 0.84)
RSH 0.12-0.23
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus paumotu Rabiller & Richard, 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Michael Rabiller
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 5, P. 35 & 37, Pl. 4, fig. 1-3, 5-6 & 8-12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Kaukura Atoll
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15.7 x 7.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gladioconus Species:-paumotu
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Society Archipelago and Tuamotu Archipelago
Habitat:-Collected dead at depths of 326 – 831 m
Description:-Source original description
A small and moderately strong shell, with a straight-outlined conical profile, topped by a
projecting larval shell. Some specimens show a weakly stepped spire. Protoconch shows a threewhorled, multi-spiral protoconch. This multispiral protoconch is slender, smoothedged and of
grayish-white color, whereas post-nuclear whorls are nodulose, flat and white. The flat spire of
the holotype includes seven whorls for the teleoconch part. Along each of its whorls, this spire
shows a deep and narrow suture and a concave sutural ramp with radial threads. The nodulose
edged whorls together with the light sloping of the sutural ramps toward the columella gives the
spire a nice rosette appearance, when seen from above. The spire is of a glossy white color and a
sutural ramp shaded with pale yellowish grey along the wall. The shoulder is strongly nodulose,
with 15 nodules along the body whorl edge. The body whorl shows a conical to broadly conical
shape. It presents straight edges along two thirds off the shell length towards the posterior end
and slightly emaciated edges towards the anterior third. A well marked spiral rib structure on the
entire body whorl, crossed by axial ribs, encircles the shell with a granulate-inlayed look. Some
axial ribs are strongly wrinkled, starting from the shoulder nodules more or less along the upper
body whorl. The basic tint of the body whorl is glossy white shaded with pale yellow, mainly on
the anterior dorsum area. Some specimens are entirely glossy milky-white. The white aperture is
narrow, uniform in width, with parallel edges and an almost straight anal canal which adjoins the
glacis of the sutural ramp.
Discussion:----------
Conus pauperculus Sowerby ii, 1834
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Conch Ill. (1834, pl. 56, fig. 78)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch. Illus. pt. 56/7, f. 78
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cape Good Hope erroneus; Designated Sagami Bay, Japan.
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Sowerby i (1834, pl. 56, fig. 78)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Stephanoconus Species:-pauperculus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Japan
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, light to moderately light. Last whorl conical to ventricosely
conical; outline slightly convex, left side sometimes sigmoid. Shoulder angulate to subangulate,
occasionally weakly undulate. Spire of moderate height, variably concave in outline. Postnuclear
spire whorls weakly tuberculate to almost smooth. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 2
increasing to 4-6 spiral grooves. Last whorl with a few weak, widely spaced spiral ribs above
base.
Ground colour mixed bluish grey and tan. Last whorl encircled with brownish violet, leaving a
ground-colour band at centre and at base. About 10-20 rather evenly spaced dotted brown spiral
lines extending from base to shoulder. Apex pink. Late sutural ramps crossed by brown streaks
or blotches. Aperture pale violet, darker above centre.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-40 mm
RW 0.04-0.10 g/mm
(L 24-38 mm)
RD 0.57-0.61
PMD 0.83-0.88
RSH 0.13-0.16
Discussion:-C. pauperculus seems related to C. boeticus, from which it differs in its lighter
weight, its smoother outer edges of the late sutural ramps, and the weak spiral sculpture as well
as the dull brownish violet colouration of the last whorl. Specimens from Philippines with a
brown colour pattern with coarse, brown spiral lines, may belong to C. pauperculus, but differ in
conical last whorl, white ground colour, light brown apex, and higher relative weight (RW more
than 0.13 g/mm).
----------
Conus pealii Green, 1830
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Green (1830, pl. 3, fig. 3)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Trans. Albany Inst. I, p. 123, pl. 3, f. 3
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Vaca Key, Florida
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Green (1830, pl. 3, fig. 3)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-pealii
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mainly found in colonies along the Florida Keys
Habitat:-Shallow water, mud flats
Description:-Source Vink
A small shell, 15 to 25 mm, in adult specimens relatively wide at the shoulder with a convex
body whorl and high spire.
The spire is concave, sharply pointed and carinated. Nucleus: 1.5 to 2 whorls. Tops of the whorls
flat with only small growth lines. Shoulder of body whorl sharply angled with in most specimens
a flattened rim. Body whorl with regularly spaced grooves which in most specimens extend from
the base to shoulder. The ridges between the grooves are rather flat. Colour whitish with
yellowish brown or reddish brown markings, often more or less axially arranged. According to
Clench (1942) the irregular patches of brownish-red are usually grouped sufficiently to indicate
an arrangement into two spiral bands, but in most specimens band formation can hardly be
noticed. There are also brown maculations on the spire ending in brown spots at the margins,
which as Green (1830) already observed 'give them a nodulous aspect'
Discussion:-C. pealii could be confused with C. mindanus and C. pusio (which have the spire
whorls not carinated and the body whorl smooth except at the base), C. stearnsii (which is more
slender with incised lines only on the lower half of the shell) and C. acutimarginatus (which has
a slightly lower spire which is not stepped but which has the tops of the whorls slightly concave).
---------Conus pedrofiadeiroi Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Ramiro Fiadeiro
Picture Link: Paul Kersten Paratype
Published in: Malacologia 86, p. 18 & 19
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Boa Vista, Curral Velho to Ilhéu de Galeão, 1 – 5 m
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 24,7 x 14.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-pedrofiadeiro
Synonyms:Geographic Range:-Boavista, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-Found at between 1 and 5 meters, in rock fissures
Description:-Source original description
A small pyriform shell with size range from 18-25mm, somewhat triangular in shape with low
spire with concave outline including a raised apical area; the spire tops have weak spiral threads;
significant white spots on spire; the shoulder is rounded; The outine of the last whorl is strongly
convex adapically , almost straight basally and slightly curved in middle. The aperture is wide
with a brown internal colour with whitish band at middle. The characteristics of the last whorl
include basal furrows; the medial white band comprising zigzag markings on the overall brown
background.
Discussion:-
---------Conus peli Moolenbeek, 1996
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in ZMA- Naturalis, Leiden Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paratype in ZMA – Naturalis, Leiden Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: World Shells, p. 3, f. 1-6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Masirah Island, Oman
Type Data: Holotype in ZMA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 63.6 x 36.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-peli
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Masirah Is, Oman
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shell broadly conical. thin and glossy. Length (height) 63.6 mm. width 36.3 mm (ZMA Moll.
3.96.016). Protoconch eroded. Teleoconch of 7 whorls. First postnuclear whorls with 3 to 4 fine
spiral grooves. These grooves become less prominent towards the last whorls where the axial
growth marks become more distinct. Spire a little stepped. straight with whorls slightly concave.
Shoulder angulated. Body whorl straight to a little convex, smooth, with very fine w1dulating
growth lines and a few growth scars. Basal part with some indistinct spirals.
Aperture slender, slightly wider at base. outer lip thin and fragile. Colour: Apex white (due to
erosion). gradually axial brown and whitish markings. Just below shoulder a fine white spiral
band. Entire body whorl chestnut brown with about 25 dark brown spirals. with a light band just
below the middle. Inside aperture white towards edge. colouration outside shining through.
Discussion:-There is little variation; the colour ranges from light to dark brown; the middle band
from white to tan and the lines can be interrupted by white spots.
C. namocanus badius has a more convex spire with straight to convex whorls and a different
colour pattern.
---------Conus penchaszadehi Petuch, 1986
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MORG Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xcix, no. 1, p. 10, f. 13-14
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Cabo La Vela, Goajira Peninsula, Colombia; trawled 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MORG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 9 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Conasprelloides Species:-penchaszadehi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Columbia
Habitat:-Found at depths around 35 m.
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell elongate, thin, fragile; spire elevated; body whorl shiny, totally covered with numerous fine
spiral threads; spiral threads becoming coarser at anterior end; shell pinkish-white with scattered
orange flammules on body whorl; solid, dark orange band around anterior one-third of body
whorl; anterior tip bright pinkish-orange; spire white with crescent-shaped orange flammules;
interior of aperture pale salmon-pink; protoconch and early whorls bright orange; periostracum
thick, brown, with rows of fine tufts.
Discussion:-This distinctive little shell is unlike any other northern South American cone. Conus
penchaszadehi may be related to C. atractus Tomlin, 1937, but differs from that species by
having the bright orange color band and flammules and by having finer spiral sculpture. The new
Venezuelan species, however, closely resembles pale color forms of the Panamic C. orion
Broderip, 1833, and may be the Caribbean cognate species.
Conus penchaszadehi is only known from off the Goajira Peninsula of Colombia. But it most
probably ranges all along the Colombian coast and into the Gulf of Venezuela.
----------
Conus pennaceus Born, 1778
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMW Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Ind. Rer. Nat. Mus. Caes. Vind., p. 151
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: China, (after Davila 1767), corrected, unnecessarily, (Wils) to coast of
Mozambique
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMW deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus
Synonyms:- episcopus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; praelatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792;
rubiginosus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; aureus Roding, 1798; colubrinus Lamarck, 1810; elisae
Kiener, 1845; stellatus Kiener, 1845; racemosus Sowerby iii, 1874; marmoricolor Melvill, 1900;
lohri Kilburn, 1972; rubropennatus da Motta, 1982; quasimagnificus da Motta, 1982;
bazarutensis Fernandes & Monteiro, 1988; ganensis Delsaerdt, 1988; behelokensis Lauer, 1989;
mauritiensis Lauer, 1992; corbieri Blöcher, 1994; tsara Korn. Niederhofer & Blöcher, 2000;
vezoi Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2000
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean except for India; Hawaii
Habitat:-From the infralittoral fringe to about 50 m; most frequently on subtidal coral reef flats
in 0.5-5 m of water, in coral rubble, sand and muddy sand, often under rocks and amongst or
under living corals.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to moderately heavy. Last whorl conoid-cylindrical or
ventricosely conical to conical or ovate; outline variably convex at adapical fourth to third,
occasionally two-thirds, nearly straight below. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder to
uniformly broad. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of low to moderate height; outline concave
to convex in late whorls, usually slightly convex to domed in early whorls; apex often straightsided in shells from S. Madagascar and occasionally in shells from N. Mozambique. In Hawaii,
larval shell of about 1.75 whorls, maximum diameter 0.7-0.75 mm; in the Indian Ocean,
maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly convex, usually
slightly concave in latest whorls; middle ramps with 2 increasing to 3-5 weak spiral grooves,
latest ramps usually with numerous spiral striae. Last whorl with weak to distinct ribs basally and
with spiral striae from base to shoulder.
Ground colour white, often variably suffused with greyish blue to greyish violet, sometimes with
yellowish to pinkish cream, orangish to light brown, or with pink to red or violet. Last whorl
usually overlaid with yellow or orange to brown, red-brown or blackish brown, leaving many
tiny to moderately large tentlike ground-colour markings. Tents separate or fused, edged with a
darker line at the frontal sides and usually concentrated in 3 spiral bands, below shoulder, near
centre and at base, usually also grouped in axial clusters to form 2-5 axial bands. Dark overlying
spots, flecks, and blotches largely solid to sometimes perforated, often forming 2-3 interrupted to
continuous spiral bands, and usually with closely spaced, dotted to solid darker spiral lines
variably articulated with small ground-colour markings. Shells with a regularly arranged network
of fine to coarse dark lines intergrade with shells 1) with a sparsely reticulated, fine or coarse,
axially lineate pattern, 2) having last whorl solid dark except for scattered small groups of
ground colour tents, and 3) lacking any overlying pattern elements. Basal part of columella
white, occasionally violet. Larval whorls and first 1-5 postnuclear sutural ramps pink to purple,
sometimes also orange or white; all these colours sometimes occurring among the hatchlings of
the same egg capsule but usually one colour preponderant within a local population (Perron,
1981a). Following sutural ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white, to light
blue, pink or light violet in some populations.
C pennaceus has a rather convex sided shell with a low spire and rounded shoulders the whole
shell is suffused with dark bluish grey and the tents tend to be restricted to narrow axial and
spiral bands between very large and irregular dark orange blotches showing distinct spiral dots
and dashes. Similar to form behelokensis but lower spire lighter orange base colour and more
convex shape
Discussion:-C. pennaceus is similar to C. magnificus, C. episcopatus, C. omaria, C.
madagascariensis, and C. echo. C. magnificus generally has a higher spire (RSH 0.13-0.19).
Those forms of C. pennaceus with a similarly fine tentmark pattern can be distinguished by their
more angulate shoulders and their usually broader last whorls (RD 0.57-0.68 vs. 0.49-0.60), with
a conical to ventricosely conical rather than conoid-cylindrical shape. Those forms of C.
pennaceus that are similar in shape differ in their coarser pattern with a smaller portion of very
small ground-colour tents. Slight differences in the number of larval whorls and the colouration
of the animals between C. magnificus from the Marshall Is. And C. pennaceus from Hawaii are
now separated at the species level: Conus leviteni Tucker, Tenorio & Chaney, 2011
C. episcopatus is a somewhat larger species that differs in having a generally narrower and more
cylindrical last whorl (RD 0.42-0.58; PMD 0.71-0.84) as well as a coarser pattern with a
prominent axial arrangement and without darker brown demarcation lines at the frontal sides of
its usually larger tents. The distinctive dark and light axial zones of the last whorl pattern in
subadult C. episcopatus excludes confusion with similarly sized C. pennaceus.
C. omaria differs in having a generally narrower and rather cylindrical last whorl (RD 0.45-0.60
vs. 0.50-0.71) and a yellowish cream to yellow or pinkish orange aperture; the brown spots,
flecks, and blotches of its last whorl pattern are interrupted rather than largely solid as in most
specimens of C. pennaceus.
C. madagascariensis can be distinguished by its consistently straight-sided apex and its rather
uniformly reticulated pattern. The difference between C. madagascariensis and C. pennaceus in
egg diameters (654 vs. 375-407 or 470-520 micro.m) strongly suggests separation at the species
level, the more so because the greatest difference occurs between nearby populations (C.
madagascariensis from S. India and C. pennaceus from Maldives).
C. pennaceus is so variable in shape and colour pattern that the many nominal species-group taxa
do not cover the entire conchological divergence within and between local populations of this
species. While most of the Indian Ocean populations are rather uniform in their respective shell
characters, a wide range of variation exists in N. Mozambique and Hawaii. In Hawaii, variants
differing in colour pattern, shape and solidity of the shell were found among the offspring of the
same female (Perron, 1979). We provisionally regard the different local populations from the
Indian Ocean as forms. The marginal population from Hawaii perhaps deserves species status,
based on the correlative differences in egg diameter and development (benthic in Hawaii,
planktonic in the Indian Ocean). Geographical survey of the different forms of C. pennaceus: N.
Mozambique : Shape and colouration covering nearly the entire range of variation observed in C.
pennaceus. Shells with a fine reticulate pattern including rather small and strongly perforated
colour zones intergrade with shells with a fine axially lineate pattern as well as with shells with
axially fused ground-colour blotches. The lectotypes of C. pennaceus, C. praelatus, and the
original figure of C. elisae are matched by specimens from N. Mozambique. Shells
corresponding with the lectotype of C. elisae in the fine dark axially lineate pattern occur in
colonies that also include shells with a partially reticulate and partially lineate pattern. These
colonies live sympatrically and sometimes almost syntopically with colonies of shells that have a
rather typical pattern on a pale blue to pale violet ground; erroneously referred to as C. praelatus;
The lectotype of C. colubrinus may also be from this area.
S. Mozambique, Natal: In the local population of C. pennaceus from Bazaruto Is. (form
bazarutensis), the last whorl is usually ventricosely conical and has a rather fine and sometimes
reduced network of brown to blackish brown lines, spots and blotches on a greyish blue to
greyish violet ground; the apex is slightly convex to domed in outline and usually white. Shells
very similar in shape and pattern live farther south in the Massinga area. They have a pinkish
cream ground colour, a narrow paler spiral band below centre, and a violet apex; their brown
reticulate pattern may be more reduced than in form bazarutensis. Specimens from Natal and S.
Mozambique as far north as Inhambane were described as C. lohri but cannot be separated from
C. pennaceus from Bazaruto Is. And Massinga by shell morphology and sculpture, nor do they
differ from C. pennaceus in body colouration or structure of radular teeth. The report of a
multispiral larval shell in C. lohri (Kilburn, 1972) appears doubtful. The ground colour is
orangish brown to brown or greyish blue to greyish violet, and sometimes all these colours
merge on the same shell. The last whorl often has a broad darker spiral band on each side of
centre and occasionally remnants of a brown to blackish brown pattern similar to that of form
bazarutensis. The aperture is pale blue to pale violet, edged with a violet collabral band. The low
spire has a sigmoid outline and a reddish violet to purple apex. The differences between C. lohri
and C. pennaceus in colour, structure and translucency of the periostracum do not allow
separation at the species level. Tanzania, Kenya: Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical.
Ground colour white or suffused with reddish pink. Shells with strongly perforated brown zones
and a fine brown network between intergrade with shells with large solid brown zones and
irregularly arranged ground-colour tents between.
Red Sea: Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical; spire usually of moderate height. Pattern
consisting of brown to dark brown lines edging small to moderately large white tents;
interspersed yellowish brown to dark brown spots and flecks solid but sparse.
S. Madagascar:
In the local form described as C. p. behelokensis, last whorl ventricosely conical to sometimes
conoid-cylindrical; early postnuclear whorls with straight to slightly convex sides. Ground colour
greyish blue to greyish violet. Shells overlaid with olive, yellowish or orangish brown except for
scattered groups of rather small ground-colour tents intergrade with shells with separate brown
blotches and spirally as well as axially grouped tents between. Darker brown spiral lines
prominent, dotted to solid, and variably articulated with small ground-colour markings.
Reunion: In the local form described as C. rubropennatus, last whorl ventricosely conical to
conoid-cylindrical or conical, ground colour red to reddish violet, and last whorl pattern
generally composed of very small to small and regularly arranged ground-colour tents.
Mauritius, Rodriguez Id.: A local form described by Hwass as C. episcopus is characterized by a
comparatively light shell with a ventricosely conical to ovate last whorl. The colour is brown to
blackish brown, and the very small to moderately large white tents may be regularly arranged on
the last whorl or have larger tents concentrated below shoulder, at centre and at base. Form
episcopus occurs in less than 10 m.
Mauritius, St. Brandon:A local form described as C. rubiginosus by Hwass and as C. episcopus
mauritiensis by Lauer has a comparatively light shell with a usually conoid-cylindrical to
ventricosely conical last whorl. Its colour varies from orange to red-brown. Shells with small to
medium-sized ground colour tents regularly arranged on the last whorl intergrade with shells
with a coarse axially lineate pattern of larger tents grouped in axial bands or fused into narrow
axially elongate blotches. The lectotypes of C. episcopus and C. rubiginosus are rather similar
but specimens of both forms may also differ in shape and pattern. In Mauritius, form rubiginosus
occurs in deeper water.
Seychelles, Saya de Malha: Shells comparatively solid, with a rather broad, conical to
ventricosely conical last whorl. Colour brown to dark brown; pattern consisting of small to
moderately large white tents partially grouped in axial and spiral bands. C. omaria var.
marmoricolor is based on a variant of C. pennaceus that may be from this area.
Oman, Hormuz: The Oman form described as C. quasimagnificus is comparatively large and
heavy and has a rather broad and usually conical last whorl. Its ground colour varies from white
to greyish blue. Shells with 2 nearly continuous, light to reddish or blackish brown spiral bands
and 3 spiral zones of very small to small ground-colour tents on the last whorl intergrade with
shells with separate brown flecks and blotches and spirally as well as axially grouped larger tents
between . Specimens from Hormuz are somewhat smaller and more ventricose; their pattern has
uniformly small and rather regularly arranged ground-colour tents.
Maldives, Laccadives: The local form was described as C. p. ganensis. It is characterized by a low spire,
an angulate shoulder and a conical last whorl; its colour is yellowish brown to mostly reddish brown.
Sri Lanka, Andaman Sea, Indonesia: Shells from these marginal Indian Ocean populations have
ventricosely conical to conical last whorls, low spires, and a dark reddish brown colour; their
medium-sized to moderately large ground-colour tents are separate rather than prominently
grouped. They also may represent form marmoricolor.
W. Australia: We have seen 2 specimens from Ashmore reef, N. W. Australia; their last whorl is
conical, their spire of moderate height and their pattern includes large overlapping white tents .
Hawaii : Shells variable in shape and pattern between and within local populations, usually less
variable in colour (various shades of brown). Largest and broadest specimens of C. leviteni
collected in Hawaii (Kohn & Weaver, 1962). Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical or ovate.
Ground colour white to greyish blue. Shells with very small to moderately large ground-colour
tents, regularly arranged or spirally and axially grouped, intergrade with shells with fine, closely
spaced axial brown lines and usually 2 continuous brown spiral bands on the last whorl. Shells
with an axially lineate pattern represent an individual variant (Perron, 1979); they are often but
probably erroneously referred to as C. sindon (see C. omaria. Another taxon sometimes applied
to the Hawaiian shells is C. stellatus Kiener. However, the original figure shows a subadult shell
that cannot be unequivocally assigned to a particular geographic region. The type locality of C.
racemosus Sowerby III is given as 'Sandwich Islands?', and its holotype resembles Hawaiian
specimens in shape. However, the colour pattern must be regarded as very unusual for this area
and rather corresponds with that of form behelokensis from Madagascar.
Conus pennaceus bazarutensis Fernandes & Monteiro, 1988
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMW Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paratype
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Publcoes Occ. Soc. Port. Malac. (10), p. 19, figs A & B
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Bazaruto Island, southern Mozambique
Type Data: Holotype in BMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46.4 x 25.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus bazarutensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique
Habitat:Description:-Source Original description: Shell moderate in size, with slightly convex profile and
rounded shoulder. The spire is short and often gently concave towards the last whorls. The body
whorl presents many obsolete spiral cords, stronger on the anterior zone; some spiral striation is
also present in the spire whorls, but can be seen only under magnification. The anterior end is
twisted over the columella, the aperture is rather wide, particularly along the anterior half of the
shell. The protoconch is dirty white, whereas the postnuclear whorls and the entire body whorl
are grayish blue, covered with a complicated dark brown ornamentation which can form either a
pattern of large bluish triangles bordered in brown, or a net of dark brown with small blue spots.
The aperture is of a seep violet hue, slightly lighter towards the interior of the shell; near the lip,
the outer brown pattern shows through.
Specimens from Bazaruto Island are smaller than the ones from mainland Mozambique and they
are more glossy with a reddish brown pattern.
Conus pennaceus behelokensis Lauer, 1989
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Copyrights MNHN Paris, France
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Rossiniana (43): p. 13, no 72, figs 63a-c
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: 50 kms South of Tuléar, Madasgascar
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 48.3 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus behelokensis subspecies
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:- On coral Reef
Last whorl ventricosely conical to sometimes conoid-cylindrical; early postnuclear whorls with
straight to slightly convex sides. Ground colour grayish blue to grayish violet. Shells overlaid
with olive, yellowish or orangish brown except for scattered groups of rather small groundcolour tents intergrade with shells with separate brown blotches and spirally as well as axially
grouped tents between. Darker brown spiral lines prominent, dotted to solid, and variably
articulated with small ground-colour markings.
Conus pennaceus f. colubrinus Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 433
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mers des Grandes Indes
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus pennaceus Born, 1778
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus colubrinus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique.
Habitat:-From the infralittoral fringe to about 50 m; most frequently on subtidal coral reef flats
in 0.5-5 m of water, in coral rubble, sand and muddy sand, often under rocks and amongst or
under living corals.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. pennaceus
Form colubrinus: A narrow form of light orange yellow with white tents
Discussion:-No Data
Conus pennaceus corbieri Blöcher, 1994
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: World Shells (10), p. 50, figs 5 - 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Salary, southwestern Madasgascar
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 54.6 x 29.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus corbieri subsp
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Madagascar
Habitat:- In lagoon in shallow water
Description: A color form with a reduced pattern with blotches and thin lined irregular tents,
background white or whitish orange; last whorl conoid cylindrical.
Conus pennaceus f. elisae Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Coq. Viv. 2, pl. 64, figs 1 & 1a, (1849, Cog. Viv. 2: p. 341, no. 305)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known, designated (Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils) Zanzibar, (Tanzania)
Type Data: Type series was in collection A. Boivin, present whereabouts unknown
Type Size: 52 x ? mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A synonym of Conus pennaceus
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. elisae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-East Africa Zanzibar: Mozambique
Habitat:Description: The lectotype of C. elisae is matched by specimens from N. Mozambique. Shells
corresponding with the lectotype of C. elisae in the fine dark axially lineate pattern occur in
colonies that also include shells with a partially reticulate and partially lineate pattern.
Conus pennaceus f. episcopus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1: p. 142, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 345, fig. 2)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Indies, restricted (C, M & W) to Mauritius
Type Data: Lectotype in MNHG
Type Size: 58 x 33 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A synonym of Conus pennaceus
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. episcopus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mauritius
Habitat:- occurs in less than 10 m.
Description: C. episcopus is characterized by a comparatively light shell with a ventricosely
conical to ovate last whorl. The colour is brown to blackish brown, and the very small to
moderately large white tents may be regularly arranged on the last whorl or have larger tents
concentrated below shoulder, at centre and at base.
Conus pennaceus ganensis Delsaerdt, 1988
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Gloria Maris 27 (1), p. 1, figs. 2 - 9
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Gan Island, Maldives
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN
Type Size: 46.7 x 26.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies or a form of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus ganensis subsp
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Maldives
Habitat:Description: Shell with a sub-depressed spire; body whorl straight to slightly concave; shoulder
angulated. Ground color is pinkish orange with white tent-marks. Periostracum thin and
translucent.
Conus pennaceus lohri Kilburn, 1972
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMP Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Ann. Natal Mus. 21 (2), p. 428, figs 8a & 14b - d
Type Locality: Baie dos Cocos, between Inhambane & Jangamo Beach. Mozambique
Type Data: Holotype in NMP
Type Size: 40.2 x 23.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus according to Tucker. Provisionally seen as a valid
species by Tenorio & Monteiro (2008)
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus lohri
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- East Africa to Natal, South Africa.
Habitat: Rock ledge, 2 – 3 mtrs
Description: Medium-sized to large shell . last whorl ventricosely conical, with a low spire.
Shoulder rounded. Ground color reddish brown to brown or greyish violet. Last whorl usually
patternless, but some shells display traces of what seems to be an incoplte dark brown tented
pattern. Aperture pale violet.
Conus pennaceus f. marmoricolor Melvill, 1900
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: J. Conch. London 9 (10), p. 310, not figured
Type Locality: Not mentioned; designated (Lauer) Mauritius
Type Data: Two syntypes in NMWC
Type Size: 51.5 x 26 mm and 51 x 25.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. marmoricolor
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Mauritius
Habitat:
Description: A form with a ventricosely conical to conical last whorl; low spire; regular dark
reddish brown tents.
Conus pennaceus f. praelatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1, p. 746, no. 140, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 345, fig 4 & 5)
Type Locality: East Indies
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG
Type Size: 47 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. praelatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Mozambique
Habitat:
Description: A colour form from the SW Indian Ocean with blotches and fine lined tents; black
or orange with bluish tents; last whorl elongated ventricosely conical.
Conus pennaceus pseudoecho Bozetti, 2013
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Paris Luigi Bozzetti
Published in: Malacologia 78, p. 9 -10, figs.
Type Locality: West Pacific
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN Paris
Type Size: 60.74 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus pseudoecho subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Lavanono, Southern Madagascar
Habitat: Found crabbed
Description: Profile conical, shoulder angulate, body whorly slightly convex; back ground
reddish brown with numerous tent-shaped spots irregularly spread over the whole surface;
surface of the body whorl covered by evenly distributed brown spiral lines.
Conus pennaceus f. quasimagnificus da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Publcoes occ. Soc. Port. Malac. (1), p. 3, figs 3a & b
Type Locality: Khor Fakkan, Gulf of Oman
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG
Type Size: 68.5 x 38 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. quasimagnificus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Mozambique
Habitat: Shallow water
Description: A form from the Red Sea with most often regular brown tents; angulate shoulder.
Conus pennaceus f. racemosus Sowerby iii, 1874
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. Unnumbered (41), pt. 3, 721, p. 59, fig. 11
Type Locality: Sandwich Isl. Uncertain, (Hawaii), (corrected erroneously), (da Motta)
Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC
Type Size: 55 x 29 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. racemosus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:
Habitat:
Description:
Conus pennaceus f. rubiginosus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1, p. 744, no. 138, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 344, figs 1 & 2)
Type Locality: Mindanao, Philippines, Amboina, (Ambon, Indonesia), Ile de France,
(Mauritius), restricted (Kohn) to Mindanao [ dubious ]
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG
Type Size: 66 x 35mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. rubiginosus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Mauritius
Habitat:
Description: A colour form from Mauritius which is usually conid-cylindrical to ventricosely
conical; yellow (subfossile?), orange to reddish brown; axially lineate pattern of larger tents
arranged in axial bands or forming axial blotches.
Conus pennaceus f. rubropennatus da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Publcoes Occ. Soc. Port. Malac. (1), p. 6, figs 6a & b
Type Locality: Reunion Island, Indian Ocean
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG
Type Size: 40 x 21 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. rubropennatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Reunion
Habitat: Shallow water
Description: A colour form from Réunion with a ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical last
whorl; ground colour red to reddish violet in a regular arrangement of (very) small tents.
Conus pennaceus tsara Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2000
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Stuttgart. Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A, no. 610, 25, , p. 4, pl. 1, figs 1 - 9
Type Locality: Taolañaro (Fort Dauphin), South East Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS
Type Size: 52.7 x 26.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus tsara
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Madagascar
Habitat: In rock pools and the seaward base of rocky platforms
Description: A colour form with a brown body whorl and sparsely blue tents; last whorl often
bold ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical.tents.
Conus pennaceus vezoi Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2000
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Stuttgart. Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A, no. 610, 25 S, p. 20, pl. 2, figs 1 – 9
Type Locality: Maromitiliky, 25 kms airline South of Pointe Beheloka, South of Toliara, Sout
West Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS
Type Size: 50.1 x 26.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pennaceus or according to Filmer a synonym (form)
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus vezoi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Madagascar
Habitat: Sub-tidal inside shallow lagoon and near outside reef
Description: A uniform brown colour morph sometimes with a few small white blotches around
the spire; last whorl ventricosely conical.
---------Conus pennasilicorum Bozetti, 2017
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Paris L. Bozzetti
Published in: Malacologia 94, p. 19 - 21
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Northern Transkei, South Africa
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.5 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species or a juvenile specimen of Conus alconelli da Motta, 1986
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-alconnelli
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Natal, South Africa
Habitat:-Dredged in sand & sponge bottom at 100 – 110 m. depth
Description:-Shell small sized; profile conical shape, spire fairly high, moderately stepped with
concave outline, shoulder angulate, barely carinate, body whorl walls outline convex under the
shoulder, straight below. Protoconch prominent, made up by three rounded, smooth whorls, 0.9
mm maximum diameter, teleoconch of nine fairly concave whorls, suture well impressed, sutural
ramps sculptured by four main spiral grooves and few secondary ones which separate nodulose
riblets. Aperture uniformly narrow, moderately expanded at the interior sinus, body whorl
surface almost smooth, visible under magnification spiral and axial thick micro striae, spiral ribs
at base. Coloration yellow with three lighter bands, under the shoulder, in the middle area of
body whorl walls and in the basal area. Sutural ramps covered by fit opistocyrt radial flammulae
brownish colored which overtake the shoulders overlapping the area immediately below.
Protoconch and first two spiral whorls brownish stained, inside aperture white.
Discussion:-No Data
---------Conus pepeiu Moolenbeek, Zandbergen, Bouchet, 2008
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan
Published in: Vita Malacologica 6, 29
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ua Huka, Marquesas
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 14.9 x 7.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Conasprella Species:-pepeiu
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Marquesas
Habitat:-Found at depths of 200-250 m.
Description:-Source Original description
Height 14.9 mm, width 7.4 mm, aperture height 10.5 mm. Shell small and rather light. Last
whorl conical to a little pyriform. Shoulder broadly carinate, spire moderately high, slightly
stepped. Outline straight, adapically more concave. Protoconch of 3 whorls, the first one broken,
maximum diameter 0.93 mm. First pnw tuberculate, gradually disappearing on the second whorl.
Teleoconch 6.5 whorls, spire whorls flat only towards the suture concave, with strong arcuate
radial threads. Body whorl with 24 spiral grooves on ventral side, 20 on dorsal side. Grooves half
of the size of the riblets towards the base both somewhat broader.Ground colour white. On the
first two pnw some fine brown spots. Last 3 whorls with 5, 7 and 9 dark brown blotches on the
margin which fade away as light brown blotches on die ramps. Body whorl on ven1ral side with
about 7-8 spiral lines of fine dark brown spots, on the cen1ral part some irregular salmon
coloured blotches. Base white. Periostracum very thin, light brown, rather prominent on the spire
with strong arcuate radial threads.The paratypes and the other material studied is rather uniform
in colour and pattern. Conus pepeiu resembles C. memiae (Habe & Kosuge, 1970), but its regular
colour pattern, more slender body whorl, and lack of spiral grooves on the spire distinguish it
from C. memiae. The latter has a more triangular shape and reaches a larger adult size.
----------
Conus pergrandis Iredale, 1937
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in AMS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Festschr. Embrik Strand. iii, p. 407, pl. xviii
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tahli Bay, New Britain; 30-40 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 137 x 62 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-pergrandis
Synonyms:- fletcheri Petuch & Mendenhall, 1972; potusmarumai Kosuge, 1980
Geographic Range:-Taiwan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Queensland.
Habitat:-Found at depths of 50-400 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Large, solid to heavy. Last whorl ventricosely conical to slightly pyriform; outline convex at
adapical fourth to three-fourths, straight to slightly concave below; columella curved to left at
base in very large specimens. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of moderate height, outline
slightly sigmoid to concave. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 1.3 mm. First 5- 10
postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave to slightly convex,
with 3 increasing to 8-10 spiral grooves. Adult specimens with weak or obsolete spiral ribs at
base of last whorl. In subadult shells, entire last whorl with wide punctate or axially striate spiral
grooves and ribbons between; ribbons narrow at base; some grooves with a central spiral rib.
Ground colour white. Last whorl usually with variably numerous and variably long brown axial
streaks and blotches on both sides of centre, sometimes fused into broad, interrupted spiral
bands. Central area immaculate or with a few brown markings. Early teleoconch sutural ramps
immaculate, later ramps with scattered brown markings. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 90-161 mm
RW 0.60-1.30 g/mm
(L 90-142 mm)
RD 0.51-0.59
PMD 0.77-0.82
RSH 0.16-0.18
Discussion:-The holotype of C. potusmarumai is based on a slightly lower- spired shell with
straighter sides..
C. p. fletcheri weaker grooves posteriorly more convex, very heavy axial brown blotches on
dorsal side posteriorly.
----------
Conus peronianus Iredale, 1931
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in AMS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Rec. S. Austral. Mus. 18, p. 224, pl. xxv, f. 12
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Sydney, Australia.
Type Data: Holotype in AMS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 62 x 35 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus anemone Lamarck, 1810
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Floraconus Species:-anemone peronianus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Southern W. Australia eastward to Tasmania and Sydney, New South
Wales.
Habitat:-Deep water
Description:- C. peronianus is probably an ecological variant, growing larger, usually with a
lower spire and generally brighter in colour than other forms of C. anemone.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus perplexus Sowerby ii, 1857
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Thes. Conch. iii, p. 20, pl. 14 (200), f. 324
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of California.
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Perplexiconus Species:-perplexus
Synonyms:- luzonicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; pustulatus Kiener, 1845
Geographic Range:-Baja California, Mexico - Peru; Galapagos
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Extract Iconography
Normal length is between 15 and 30 mm, with some specimens reaching 40 mm. The body whorl
is short conical in shape. The spire is low and conical in profile. Sutural ramps are flat to concave
in cross section. The shoulders are subangular. Sides are slightly convex. Cords and nodules are
absent. The protoconch is multispiral. The color pattern is variable and consists of two elements.
First, the ground color is white. This ground color is covered by reddish brown markings in two
bands. These are on either side of a lighter colored area at midbody. The bands consist of
longitudinal bars and blotches that are loosely grouped into bands. These are interrupted at the
midbody light colored area. The second element consists of interrupted spiral lines. These are
close to the same shade as the brown coloration in the bars and blotches. There are no bright
white makings in between the brown markings. However, pustulose specimens do have these
bright white markings associated with spiral rows of pustules .The anterior end may be white but
most specimens have some sort of brown shading. The interior of the aperture is white. There are
no interior constrictions inside the aperture. The spire is also colored. The coloration consists of
brown blotches. These may cross the shoulder angle. The color shade on .the whorl tops is the
same shade as the blotches and bars in the bands. The anal notch is shallow to moderate in depth.
There is an anterior notch. The body whorl can be pustulose but usually is smooth except for
some ridges at anterior end.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus perprotractus Petuch, 1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 112, pl. 25, f. 16 & 17
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Gulf of Venezuela, off Punto Fijo, Falcon, Venezuela; 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer synonym of Conus sanderi Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name perprotractus
Habitat: Dredged, 35 mtrs
Description: Shell very elongated, tapering to a narrow anterior canal; spire low, flattened;
sharp-angled shoulder; body whorl smooth, polished, with numerous faint striations around
anterior end; spire whorls with 2 large spiral threads; colour white with a complex pattern
comprising 2 thick orange-tan bands, mid body marked with a pure white band; anterior tip of
the shell lavender purple; spire whorls with orange flammules; aperture white.
Discussion: C. perprotractus is closest to C. carioca which is a synonym of C. sanderi but
differs in being a much more elongated shell with a lower spire, and by lacking the bright orange
and pink color bands of the latter. The bright lavender-purple anterior end of C. perprotratus sets
it aside from all other related forms. C. villepinii form fosteriis also similar to C. perprotractus,
but differs in being less colorful, less elongated, thinner and more lightweight. And in being less
polished. The purple tip and bright orange-tan color bands of C. perprotractus easily separates it
from any form of C. villepinii.
----------
Conus pertusus Hwass in Bruguiere,1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 686
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East Indies
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 50 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhizoconus Species:-pertusus
Synonyms:- amabilis Lamarck, 1810; festivus Dillwyn, 1817; elodieallaryae Cossignani, 2013
Geographic Range:-Philippines; Indo-W. Pacific
Habitat:-Found at depths of 5-100 m under coral in sand
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl conical to
ventricosely conical; outline convex below shoulder, straight below. In larger specimens,
columella often curved to left near base. Shoulder angulate to subangulate. Spire of moderate
height, outline domed. Larval shell projecting, of 3.25-4 whorls; maximum diameter 0.9-1.05
mm. First 0.5-2 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly
concave, with 2-3 increasing to 4-5 spiral grooves; number of grooves may be smaller and
grooves are often obsolete on latest ramps. Last whorl smooth except for a few weak spiral ribs
at base, or with raised, widely spaced spiral ribs from base to shoulder; wide grooves between
ribs, with numerous heavy axial striae occasionally crossing 1-3 spiral threads. Smooth and
heavily sculptured specimens occur in the same populations.
Juvenile shells (L less than 10 mm) uniformly lemon yellow, becoming overlaid with red and
white colour zones during growth (Pl. 51, Fig. 6). In adults, ground colour varying from white to
rose. Last whorl with orange-red to pink or tan clouds fusing into 2 variably broad spiral bands,
on each side of centre. Adapical and central ground-colour bands crossed by axial clouds. Fine
dotted and dashed brown spiral lines may extend from base to shoulder but are very variable in
number and arrangement. Basal part of columella, siphonal fasciole and siphonal notch pink to
violet. Larval whorls and a variable number of early postnuclear sutural ramps yellow; following
ramps with clouds and blotches of same colour as last whorl. Aperture pale pink to violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 28-69 mm
RW 0.13-0.37 g/mm
(L 28-58 mm)
RD 0.53-0.64
PMD 0.75-0.89
RSH 0.09-0.19
Form C. p. festivus Dillwyn 40-50mm Phil. Is. typical smooth form;
Form C. p. amabilis is heavily sculptured form;offered Rices 2000 34-40mm at 25 usd
Juveniles yellow;
Discussion:-Despite its conchological variation, C. pertusus cannot be confused with any of its
Indo-Pacific congeners, although juvenile specimens resemble C. corallinus. The larval and early
teleoconch whorls of the latter species are pink, not yellow, the animal is pink to red, not greyish
yellow with black spots.
C. festivus refers to the typical, smooth form of C. pertusus, and C. amabilis to a heavily
sculptured form.
Conus pertusus elodieallaryae Cossignani, 2013
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Cossignani
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Malacologia 81, p. 5 with pictures
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Tuamotu Archipelago
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30.60 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus pertusus Hwass, 1792
Description: The length of the shell is about 3 cm, the shape of the adapicale area is domed with
the protoconch of 2.5 whorls; the spire is modestly raised, the sutural grooves are slightly
marked, the last whorl has a slightly curving profile with a quite narrow aperture;almost straight
with thin lip; the outer surface is crossed by spiral lines barely detectable with color variations of
dashes. The background color is pink-orange with white irregular, marbled patches arranged
spirally in the central area of the last whorl and adjacent to the shoulder. The coloration is also
visible in the inner part of the lip and fades into white deeper inside.
Soft parts are not available.
Discussion: The supposed subspecies is distinguished from Rhizoconus pertusus pertusus
(Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) for the shape of the spire, for the visible central white spiral band
and for the slightly narrower aperture.
----------
Conus petergabrieli Lorenz, 2006
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Bill Fenzan
Published in: Club Conchylia Informationen 38 (1/2)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cuyo Island Group, NE Palawan
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36.3 x 21.1 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus dolium Boivin, 1864
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name petergabrieli
---------Conus petestimpsoni Petuch & Berschauer, 2016
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP David Berschauer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: The Festivus 48, Issue 4; p. 258-259; Fig. 1, E - H
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: East of Santana Island, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MORG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26.5 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid Species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lamniconus Species:-petestimpsoni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- At present, known only from the area extending from Cabo Frio to Rio de
Janeiro and the offshore islands of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Habitat:- Trawled by commercial shrimp boats from 100 m depth
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of average size for genus, narrow, elongated, with straight or slightly concave sides; spire
proportionally low, with early whorls subpyramidal; juvenile specimens have higher, more
elevated spires than do adult specimens, and spire gradually flattens out as individual matures;
shoulder sharply-angled, edged with low, broad, rounded carina, producing slightly concave
spire whorls; body whorl smooth and glossy, with matte finish and silky texture; anterior end
encircled with 12-14 evenly-spaced, low, rounded spiral cords; shell color typically bright
reddish-orange, overlaid with one or two wide white or pinkish-white bands, one around midbody and one anterior of shoulder area; red and white bands overlaid with 18-20 narrow rows of
evenly-spaced alternating dark brown and white rectangular spots; spire whorls white or pale
orange-white, overlaid with large, evenly-spaced orangebrown crescent-shaped flammules that
connect to large dark brown spots and patches along shoulder carina; some specimens (rarely
seen) have the same general color pattern as holotype, but have deep yellow bands instead of
typical bright red-orange bands; aperture white or pale violet-white, proportionally narrow,
widening toward anterior end; protoconch proportionally large, orange in color, rounded,
domelike, composed of 2 whorls.
Discussion:-A species in the lemniscatus complex
---------Conus petuchi Monteiro, Afonso, Tenorio, Rosado & Pirinhas, 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 5, P. 68-70; Pl. 3, fig. 1-7
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Northern Baía do Baba in the Namibe Province, Angola, Southern Angola, West
Africa
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 28.6 x 17.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-petuchi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Found in fissures with coarse sand on rock slabs and platforms in relatively calm
waters at the outer side of the bay, from 4 to 12 meters deep.
Description:-Source Original description
Shell solid, moderately small, broadly and ventricosely conical, with rounded shoulder. Spire
low to moderate, spiral ramps slightly convex, depressed sutures; protoconch and first whorls
typically eroded. Last whorl smooth, previous lips often noticeable. The periostracum is
yellowish brown and translucent. Ground color ivory white, covered with axial lightning-shaped
dark brown markings that may coalesce forming wide spiral bands, namely on the anterior tip of
the shell and on the first third below the shoulder; almost entirely dark brown shells are known.
The spiral ramps are of the same color as the body whorl. The aperture is white. The operculum
is small and elongated.
Discussion:-
---------Conus pfluegeri Petuch, 2004
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in AMNH Image reproduced Courtesy of the PRI; Catalogue Number of
Type: 308069; www.amnh.org
Picture Link: Paratytype in AMNH Image reproduced Courtesy of the PRI
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Cenozoic Seas the View of Eastern North America, p. 293, pl. 97, figs F & I
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Lake Worth Lagoon, Southern Eastern Florida
Type Data: Holotype in AMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 25 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species or a form of Conus jaspideus
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-jaspideus pfluegeri forma
Habitat:-In tidal channels on limestone substrates
Description:-Shell is biconic, slightly pyriform with high protracted spire, shoulder sharply
angled, body whorl glossy, anterior half of bodywhorl sculptures with 10-12 large, deeply
impressed spiral sulci, posterior half of body whorl smooth, shell color typically purple or
purplish-brown, base color overlaid with 20-22 spiral rows of closely packed, alternating brown
and white dots; edge of shoulder carina marked with large, evenly spaced dark brown spots; spire
whorls same color as base color, marked with scattered widely spaced pale brown flammules;
interior of aperture pale lavender; protoconch smooth composed of 2 whorls, lavender color.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus philippii Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation Kiener (1845, pl. 98, fig. 2)
Published in: Spec. Gen. Icon. des Coq. Viv. 2, p. 213, pl. 98, f. 2
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Mexico
Type Data: There is a cited figure : Kiener (1845, pl. 98, fig. 2)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-philippii
Synonyms:- ernesti Petuch, 1990
Geographic Range:-E. Florida, USA - Panama
Habitat:-Usually deeper water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately heavy with a good gloss; biconical, the upper sides straight/convex, the base narrow;
basal ridges seperated by shallow grooves; shoulder wide, usually carinate, sharply angled; spire
tall, sharply pointed, the sides straight/concave; earliest whorls fine nodules others carinate, often
projecting; body whorl covered with many spiral rows of dark brown dashes and spots; color
usually dark reddish brown or orange brown in two broad bands around paler midbody; base
yellowish; aperture moderately narrow widening; outer lip sloping below shoulder, thin, sharp,
straight; mouth bluish white; columella internal.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus phlogopus Tomlin, 1937
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tab. Enc. 1798, pl. 336, f.1
Published in: Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. xxii, part 4, p. 206
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Africa (erroneus) (C. flammeus Lamarck, 1810)
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tab. Enc. 1798, pl. 336, f. 1
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. flammeus
Lamarck, 1810.
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus lorenzianus Dillwyn, 1817
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name phlogopus
----------
Conus phuketensis da Motta, 1978
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Natural Study (Thai). 2,. no. 1, seq. 7, p. 4, figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled off Phuket Is., Thailand; 40-80 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 81 x 33 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-phuketensis
Synonyms:- pretiosus Nevill & Nevill, 1874
Geographic Range:-W. Thailand
Habitat:-Found at depths of 50-150 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
A senior name is C. pretiosus which was not used for years
Moderately large to large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical, outline
convex adapically and straight below. Shoulder angulate. Spire usually of moderate height,
stepped, outline almost straight. Larval shell of about 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.7 mm.
First 2-4 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with 0-1
increasing to 3-7 spiral grooves; additional spiral threads and striae on latest ramps. Last whorl
almost smooth or with widely spaced weak spiral grooves abapically and ribbons between.
Ground colour white to cream. Last whorl sometimes with narrow cream to yellowish brown
spiral bands from base to shoulder. Overlying spiral rows of variously sized and shaped, brown
to dark brown markings fuse into variably prominent interrupted spiral band, below shoulder,
just above centre and within abapical third. Larval whorls white to pale brown. Postnuclear
sutural ramps white or cream with brown to dark brown radial streaks and blotches. Aperture
light purple, paler deep within, sometimes with shades of orange.
Shell Morphometry
L 60-95 mm
RW 0.20-0.49 g/mm
RD 0.47-0.55
PMD 0.75-0.84
RSH 0.10-0.21
Discussion:-C. phuketensis is essentially identical to C. lynceus in sculpture and colour pattern.
C. lynceus tends to have a broader last whorl (RD 0.50- 0.58); its spire is not stepped, the spiral
grooves on its late sutural ramps more prominent but with narrower elevations between, its
periostracum grey instead of brown. C. phuketensis may represent a variant of C. lynceus,
occurring indeeper water (50-150 m vs. 20-50 m) where it lives sympatrically in W. Thailand (da
Motta & Lenavat, 1979.
----------
Conus pica A. Adams & Reeve, 1848
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype 26.6 mm x 14.7 mm Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Syntype 34.0 mm x 18.6 mm Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Zool. Voy. Samarang. Moll., pt. 1, p. 18, pl. 5, f. 10 a-d
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Balambougan Is.
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26.6 x 14.7 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-pica
Synonyms:- dolium Boivin, 1864
Geographic Range:-Philippines, North-east Borneo and North-east Indonesia
Habitat:-Found in sand or coral rubble, intertidal to about 15 meters
Description:-Source Filmer 2011 Summary
C. pica A. Adams & Reeve, 1848 is a small to medium sized (20-45 mm average 33 mm) ovate
(RD .53-.55), solid, medium weight shell (RWO.57-1.65 average 1:24). The spire is low (8% to
16%, average 10% of length) with a straight to barely concave outline. The protoconch is
greyish-white and rounded (see pI. 13, fig. 5). There are 9 post nuclear whorls, the early ones
stepped and beaded the latter ones flat but sloping with 3-4 regular spiral grooves. The sutures
are clearly defined and even. The spire is white to ivory white with a few irregular dark brown
axial bars or spots. The shoulder is angulate. The body whorl is convex in outline below the
shoulder then straightens before becoming slightly upturned at the base. There are numerous
angled spiral grooves of varying sizes at the base these become less frequent and more separated
towards the centre after which they become obsolete. The grooves and the interstices are often
crossed by fine axial striae giving a cancellate effect. The body whorl appears shiny but actually
contains numerous very fine spiral and axial striae. The ground is white to ivory-white with some
dark brown or even black blotches which may be axial aligned, may be squiggly and may form
two vague bands. The size, number and color depth of these blotches varies widely between
specimens. Occasionally there. is some pale blue-grey smeared among the blotches. Most but not
all specimens also display some tiny brown to blackish dots which appear in spiral rows. Smaller
semi-adult specimens may be less ovate and lack brown blotches. Some specimens like the three
syntype varieties are almost plain white. The anal notch is shallow to medium in depth and is 'V'
shaped. The columella varies from almost straight to twisted with a plait and is white. The lip is
firm and curved back at both ends. The aperture is wide to very wide and the interior is white, in
some specimens the edge shows the external coloring. The periostracum is thin and and pale
opaque grey, the operculum and animal are unknown to this author and have not been mentioned
by other authors.
Discussion:-C. pica differs from C. spectrum, C. conspersus, C. verreauxii, C.filamentosus and
C. stillatus by its stouter shape, more rounded shoulder and its less patterned coloring. C. pica
differs from C. purissimus and C. daphne by its stouter shape, more rounded shoulder less
pronounced spiral grooves and color pattern. The unmarked varieties of C. pica do more closely
resemble C. purissimus but are more ovate, have a more concave spire outline, have different
more closely set less pronounced spiral grooves on the body whorl and are less solid and lighter
in weight. C. pica differs only slightly from C. dolium and C. petergabrieli by its more rounded
shoulder, higher spire and more varied and darker color patterns. C. pica differs from C.
broderipii by its larger size, its broader shape and much less dense pattern. C. pica differs from
C. zandbergeni by its lower spire, its lack of spiral lines of dashes and lack of pinkish peach
coloring.
----------
Conus pictus Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten Specimen in the middle is transkeiensis
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus, pl. 18, sp. 98
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Not known.
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Stainforth and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 27 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sciteconus Species:-pictus
Synonyms:- beckeri Sowerby iii, 1911; transkeiensis Korn, 1998
Geographic Range:-South Africa; eastern Cape
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Iconography
Medium-sized shell, with an almost straight to slightly convex profile. Shoulder angulate, spire
low to moderately high, stepped, with a more or less straight profile. Sutural ramps concave
upwardly, carinate, without spiral grooves. The surface oflast whorl is smooth, with only weak
spiral ribs towards the anterior end.
The ground color is variable: white, bluish-white, pink or orange to yellow. The last whorl
presents three brown, pink, orange or yellow spiral bands and between these bands, a number of
spiral rows of brown dots may be present. Spire covered with radial brown flames that may
extend to the last whorl. Aperture white.
Transkeiensis is a more elongated form.
Conus pictus f. transkeiensis Korn, 1998
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMC Mike Filmer
Published in: La Conchiglia xxx, no. 289, p. 39, f. 6, 10-14
Ocean geography: South Africa
Type Locality: Northern Transkei, South Africa
Type Data: Holotype in NMC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 40 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus pictus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Sciteconus Species:-pictus transkeiensis subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-South Africa, Transkei
Habitat:-Found at depths of 100-200 meters
Description:-Source Original description La Conchiglia Oct-Dec 1998
C. pictus transkeiensis comes from northern Transkei (Algoa-Natal Overlap). Mbotyi is located
about 200 km south of Durban (i.e. just south of Port Edward). Not distinguishable from the
nominal subspecies by shell size, relative weight, or spire height. Last whorl more conical in
shape and with straighter outline. First teleoconch sutural ramps with o or 2-4 weak spiral
grooves; following ramps with axial threads but without spiral sculpture. Larval shell of 1.25 1.50 whorls, maximum diameter 1.75 - 1.90 mm. Spire concave to straight to sigmoid in outline,
sometimes flat with projecting protoconch.
Ground color white to light violet. Last whorl with widely spaced spiral rows of brown dots and
axial zigzag streaks on basal and adapical thirds. Axial streaks sometimes extending onto
shoulder, overlaid by a light brown spiral band on both sides of mid-body. Spiral bands and axial
streaks may be variably reduced. Spire with brown radial streaks. Larval shell white to faint lilac.
Aperture violet. Periostracum variably thin, colorless to olive, variably translucent, thicker on
spire; shoulder fringed. In shells with thicker periostracum, fine closely set rows of tufts
encircling the last whorl.
The nominal subspecies of C. pictus differs from C. pictus transkeiensis in its brown spiral subshoulder band, its less conical last whorl with less straight sides, and its white rather than violet
aperture. The striking similarities in color pattern and shape strongly suggest a conspecific status.
----------
Conus pilkeyi Petuch, 1974
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in CAS Mike Filmer
Published in: Veliger 17, p. 40, f. 3-6 & 9
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Marau Sound, Solomon Is; 54 m.
Type Data: Holotype in CAS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 59 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus ochroleucus Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-ochroleucus pilkeyi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines - New Guinea - Fiji
Habitat:-In 6-60 m; on muddy bottom and on rocky substrate with patches of rubble and coarse
sand
Description:The type of C. pilkeyi is dark brown with many spiral ribbons, carinate whorls and angulate
shoulder, (highly dubious assignment as synonym).
Discussion:-No Data
---------Conus pineaui Pin, 1989
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 14, p. 66, f. 17, 32 & 38
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Petite Cote, Senegal; 30-40 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 28.7 x 15.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Lautoconus Species:-pineaui
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Senegal, W. Africa
Habitat:-Found at depths of 20-40 m.
Description:-Source Original description
The shell of C. pineaui is relatively stocky, with a wide and rounded shoulder. The sides are
almost straight on the two inferior thirds of the last whorl. The spire is not very high, with 8
whorls below the apex. The protoconch consists of one and a half whorl, especially visible in the
juveniles. The base is rather large, with striae more or less visible to the naked eye on the first
third. The aperture is large and flaring at the base. The interior of the lip is white.
Against a light brown (more rarely, dark brown) background, some white flammulae are visible
on the whole surface of the last whorl. These flammulae, more or less wide and more or less
numerous, can be interrupted and arranged in three bands: one below the aperture, the second on
the inferior third, and the third at the shoulder. The flammulae are sometimes reduced to just a
few spots and even disappear more or less completely. In the most extreme cases, the shell
presents a background colour faded to very light brow or pale yellow, with just one whitish band,
more or less well defined, on the inferior third. The interior of the shell is always uniformly
white, without spots.
The shells examined have an average length of 25-30 mm, the largest one measuring 40.9 mm.
Discussion:-The shell of C. pineaui could be mistaken for a juvenile of C. ermineus, but the
general shape of C. ermineus is clearly pyriform, while the sides of C. pineaui are almost
straight. The colouration of the two species is very different: C. ermineus presents white spots on
a brown background, while c. pineaui, in its typical form, always has flammulae. In C. ermineus
the interior of the lip has a brown border following the external spots, and the inside of its shell is
always purple while that of c. pineaui is always whitish. Comparing C. pineaui to C. guinaicus,
the latter has a much narrower shoulder, a higher spire, and a rather pyriform shape. The
decoration of C. guinaicus is made of spots arranged on two bands, one near the shoulder, the
other at one third of the shell starting from the base. Finally, the interior of C. guinaicus is
purplish and clearly shows two white bands exactly corresponding to the external ones.
----------
Conus pinedensis Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Published in: Malacologia 94, p. 34 - 35
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Pinedo, Boa Vista, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 16.2 x 8.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Uncertain
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-pinedensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- Collected between 0.5 m and 5m depth under the reef rocks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Medium sized shell (from 12 to 17mm) with pear-shaped elongated profile, with moderately high
spire which is slightly stepped with visible sutures, almost straight; the shoulder area slightly
flatter; the pattern of the spire is whitish with fawn macualtions.The aperture is wide, internally
brownish reddish-purple, with two light bands creating 3 different zones of which the most small
is adapical. The shell has a marbled white color with obvious white markings spirally positioned
and undulating in the light fawn background. The color is darker basally with a few spiral
grooves.
Discussion:----------
Conus planorbis Born, 1778
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMW Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Living Animal: David Massemin New Caledonia
Published in: Ind. Rer. Nat. Mus. Caes. Vind., p. 148
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMW deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41 x 23 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-planorbis
Synonyms:- polyzonias Gmelin, 1791; vitulinus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; vulpinus Hwass in
Bruguiere, 1792; vulpinus Schubert & Wagner, 1829; praeclarus Fenaux, 1942;
Geographic Range:-W. and Central Pacific; probably also Indian Ocean (Mascarenes,
Seychelles)
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 60 m; on reef rock beneath dead coral, sand bottom with algae, and
on coral and rubble.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to solid; form vitulinus slightly heavier than
typical form but its relative weight may vary by 50% among specimens of similar size. Last
whorl conical or ventricosely conical; outline convex at adapical fourth, almost straight below.
Shoulder angulate. Spire low, usually lower in form vitulinus; outline slightly concave, sigmoid
or convex. Larval shell of about 3 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural
ramps flat, often concave in late whorls, with 1 increasing to 5-7 spiral grooves; spiral sculpture
occasionally weak on last 2 ramps. Last whorl with variably raised and granulose spiral ribs on
basal third or fourth, sometimes weakly ribbed above; ribs variably spaced but usually more
closely set toward base.
Ground colour white, sometimes suffused with cream to tan on last whorl, but rarely so on
sutural ramps. In typical form, last whorl with a broad yellowish to dark brown spiral band on
each side of centre, sometimes blending with adjacent areas but usually leaving a groundcolour
band at centre and below shoulder; subshoulder band may be very narrow and interspersed with
brown axial markings. In form vitulinus last whorl with a broad tan to dark brown band on each
side of centre, either solid or reduced and split into axial streaks and flames. Dark brown axial
streaks or flames cross brown and intervening ground-colour bands; the latter spiral bands vary
in width and are sparsely to heavily interspersed with dark brown axial markings. Both colour
forms intergrade in numerous geographic localities. In both forms as well as intermediates,
overlying dotted, dashed or solid brown to dark brown spiral lines may extend from base to
shoulder, varying from few to numerous and from closely to widely spaced. Base and siphonal
fasciole violet, often obscured by overlying dark brown. Apex cream. Late sutural ramps with
variably numerous brown radial markings, often extending to subshoulder area in form vitulinus
and intermediates. Aperture white, violet to brown at base.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-82 mm
RW 0.25-0.60 g/mm
(Typical form (L 40-60 mm); form vitulinus 0.30-0.82 g/mm (L 40-62 mm))
RD 0.55-0.65
PMD 0.80-0.92
RSH 0.08-0.13
(typical form; form vitulinus (0.03-0.11))
Discussion:-This species is closely allied to C. ferrugineus and C. striatellus. C. planorbis is not
distinguishable from C. ferrugineus by size and shape of the shell. The only reliable difference is
the uniformly white aperture of C. ferrugineus, in contrast to the violet to violet brown base of
the aperture in C. planorbis. In addition, the white subshoulder band of C. planorbis rarely
occurs in C. ferrugineus, and the granulose ribs on basal part of last whorl are often light
coloured in C. planorbis but usually overlaid with a dark spiral line in C. ferrugineus. The violet
colour of the basal end of the shell (most pronounced within the aperture) is a distinctive
character of this species. It is present in the lectotypes of both C. vitulinus and C. planorbis. As
specimens intermediate in colour pattern between C. planorbis and C. vitulinus occur in most
populations that consist primarily of one of these variants, we consider both to represent forms of
the same species.
C. planorbis is distinguished from C. striatellus by the violet-brown colour of the anterior end of
its aperture and the usually more widely spaced spiral lines on its last whorl. C. striatellus has a
conoid-cylindrical last whorl.
The assignment of C. vulpinus Hwass to C. planorbis is debatable and depends on whether the
aperture purple blotch had faded on type specimen. A local population from Kwajalein, Marshall
Is., characterized by Pearson (1988) as 'golden cones,' has very similar shell characters and
animal colouration to C. planorbis form vitulinus. The shells are 34-56 mm long. They differ
from the sympatric form vitulinus in the light yellowish brown rather than dark brown pattern on
both last whorl and spire, and in the absence of the violet brown colour of base, siphonal
fasciole, and anterior end of the aperture.
Conus planorbis f. vitulinus Hwass, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1: p. 648, no. 47, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 326, fig. 3)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMW deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 50 x 29 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus planorbis
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-planorbis vitulinus forma
Synonyms
Geographic Range:-W. and Central Pacific
----------
Conus plinthis Richard & Moolenbeek, 1988
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Venus vol. xlvii, no. 4, p. 235, pl. 1, figs. 6-9 & 11
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Lagon sud, New Caledonia; 340-345 m.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43.9 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kioconus Species:-plinthis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia - Kermadec
Habitat:-Found at depths of 100-500 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium sized, light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical, outline straight,
slightly convex at adapical fourth. Shoulder angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline
concave. Larval shell of about 3.25 whorls, maximum diameter about 1.1 mm. First 3-4
postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 0-4
increasing to 5-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with a few weak spiral ribs and grooves at base.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with about 9 broad brown spiral lines from base to adapical
third or fourth, widely spaced basally and rather closely spaced adapically. Posterior lines within
a variably broad light to reddish brown spiral band above centre. Widely but unevenly spaced
brown axial lines and streaks connecting the brown spiral lines and extending from the adapical
band to the shoulder ramp. Larval whorls and first 2-3 postnuclear sutural ramps white to beige.
Following sutural ramps with brown radial lines. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 20-61 mm
RW 0.05-0.26 g/mm
(L 20-54 mm)
RD 0.58-0.65
PMD 0.86-0.94
RSH 0.02-0.15
Discussion:-C. plinthis is similar to C. capitanellus, sympatric with C. plinthis in the New
Caledonian area. It differs from C. plinthis in its broader last whorl(RD 0.60-0.71), the presence
of two brown spiral bands, and in the absence of wavy brown axial lines on the last whorl. Its
spire has no ridges at sutures and has wider brown marks.
----------
Conus poehlianus Sowerby iii, 1887
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Thes. Conch. v 2nd suppl., p. 257, pl. 31 (509), f. 682
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Ireland
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size :48 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus consors Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-consors poehlianus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines - New Guinea
Habitat:-Form poehlianus to 35 m in adult stage and to 50 m in juvenile stage, near river
mouths, on reef and fore-reef; in silt, coral sand and rubble with sand, often beneath rotting logs.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C consors
In subadult specimens of form poehlianus, white ground suffused with pale brownish violet. Last
whorl with 1-2 spiral bands above and 1 band below centre; band nearest shoulder often
interrupted or absent, or both adapical bands may fuse. Colour of bands ranges from yellowish
brown to violet or dark brown. Dotted, dashed or solid brown spiral lines from base to shoulder,
varying in number and arrangement
Shell Morphometry
L 50-118 mm
RW 0.20-1.10 g/mm
(L 50-95 mm)
RD 0.44-0.63
PMD 0.77-0.88
RSH 0.08-0.20
Form poehlianus is narrowly to ventricosely conical, not distinguishable from each other by shell
shape, and differ only in the colour pattern (shades of spiral banding yellowish to orangish
brown.
---------Conus polongimarumai Kosuge, 1980
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IMT Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Bull. Inst. Malacol. Tokyo I, no. 4, p. 63, pl. 18, f. 6-8
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Punta Enganio, Mactan, Philippines
Type Data: Holotype in IMT deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 22.4 x 10.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-polongimarumai
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines; Marshall Islands; New Caledonia; W Thailand
Habitat:-Shallow water to 350 m. In Marshall Is., in about 65 m, in coral rubble outside the
lagoon at the base of the reef.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to moderately small, light to moderately light. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical;
outline straight to slightly convex; left side often slightly concave at base. Shoulder with strong,
pointed tubercles continuing as costae below shoulder edge and often also across sutural ramps.
Spire of moderate height to high, stepped; outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of
3.0-3.25 whorls, maximum diameter 0.7-0.8 mm. Postnuclear whorls with tubercles continuing
as costae. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 1-3 increasing to 3-7 spiral grooves; spiral
sculpture may be weak in latest whorls. Sculpture of last whorl ranging from a few weak, smooth
spiral ribs at base to granulose ribs from base to shoulder.
Colour of last whorl yellow-brown to dark brown on both sides of a usually narrow white spiral
central band; base light. Dark zones often with spiral rows of variably spaced white dots. Central
band with tine. brown connected lines, outlining white spots to blotches. In some specimens,
brown areas consisting of axial zigzag lines and broader spiral lines. Larval whorls white.
Postnuclear sutural ramps white, with brown radial blotches and fine lines. Aperture translucent
to white.
Shell Morphometry
L 18-32 mm
RW 0.05-0.08 g/mm
RD 0.58-0.68
PMD 0.82-0.95
RSH 0.18-0.32
Discussion:-C. polongimarumai resembles C. chiangi most closely. The latter species differs in
its lighter colour pattern, with a primarily tan or grey rather than brown last whorl, and its hollow
marginal spines rather than tubercles on the shoulder.
----------
Conus polyglotta Weinkauff, 1874
Pictures:
Picture Link: Cited Figure Thes Conch. Pl. 12, f. 248
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Jahrb. Dtsch. Malak. Ges. I, p. 244
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not Known
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Lithoconus Species:-eburneus polyglotta forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines; C. Pacific
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. eburneus
Medium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to heavy. Last whorl conical to broadly or
ventricosely conical, occasionally conoid-cylindrical; outline convex to bulbous at subshoulder
area and straight below; base truncate. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire low, outline concave
to straight or sigmoid. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter about 0.7 mm. Teleoconch
sutural ramps almost flat, with 2 narrow but deeply incised spiral grooves in early whorls and 2-5
grooves in later whorls; intervening ribs and subsutural ridge often pronounced, occasionally
weak on last ramps. Last whorl with distinct to weak spiral ribs and ribbons on basal fourth to
half.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of variably spaced, reddish brown to black
squarish spots, rectangular bars or comma-shaped streaks. 3 yellow, orange or tan bands may
underly spiral rows, below shoulder and on both sides of centre. Typical form often with less
densely spaced markings; occasionally, colour bands obsolete or covering large parts of last
whorl. In form polyglotta, black bars or comma-like markings tend to fuse into solid narrow
spiral bands and wavy axial streaks. Form crassus has red-brown markings and usually lacks
spiral colour bands. Larval whorls white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with reddish brown or
blackish brown spots, axial streaks or blotches; intensity of spire pattern matching that of last
whorl pattern. Aperture white.
C. e. polyglotta: Spots tend to fuse into long dashes or spiral bands in some or all rows;orange
bands also fuse to give dark appearance; mainly Philippines.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus polygrammus Tomlin, 1937
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. xxii, part 4, p. 206
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known (C. multilineatus Sowerby,1875)
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued (C.multilineatus)
Type Size :39 x 20.5 mm
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. multilineatus
Sowerby, 1875.
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus furvus Reeve, 1843
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus polygrammus forma
Synonyms:- multilineatus Sowerby iii, 1875
Geographic Range:-W. Pacific
Habitat:-Deep water
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. furvus
-C. polygrammus : essentially similar to form lignarius
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus pomareae Monnier & Limpalaër, 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype Eric Monnier
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 5; P. 50-59, fig. 1, 2 unnumbered plates
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moorea, Iles de La Société, French Polynesia
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 24.72 x 9.12 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Leporiconus Species:-pomarae
Synonyms:Geographic Range:- French Polynesia (Society Islands – Tuamotu)
Habitat:-Intertidal zone, on the outer edge of the flat reef
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to medium sized shell (19-47 mm). Adult shells have 11-12 whorls, are cigar-shaped and
narrowly cylindrical, whereas subadults have a more narrowly conoid-cylindrical shape. The
protoconch is pinkish, and appears to have more than 2.5 smooth whorls. The first 3 postlarval
teleoconch whorls are tuberculate and light pink coloured, they havr pointed nodulus that
become progressively white ant obsolete. The spire is moderate to high, the whorls are slightly
overlapping with a strong suture. There are 3 to 5 weak spiral cords on the sutural ramp. The
spire is sigmoid (concave in the first whorls and highly convex and domed on the last ones). The
last whorl is covered from base to shoulder with numerous closely finely granulose spiral ridges;
such ridges may be obsolete in the area below the shoulder, otherwise constant over the whole
last whorl. The shoulder is rounded and almost indistinct. Aperture is straight, very narrow at its
posterior end and widening toward the anterior part of the shell. The last whorl is reddish brown
coloured, sometimes with axial tinges of violet-pink. There are 2 interrupted spiral bands of
irregular lacunae showing the pale purplish-pink background, the abapical one, situated below
the middle of the last whorl being the most conspicuous one; the other band is situated at the
adapical third of the last whorl. The interior of the lip is bordered with a deep violet band
graduatelly fading to purplish-pink and white further inside the aperture. The anal noth is deep
and V-shaped.
Discussion: The shell is compared with Conus tenuistriatus, Conus glans, Conus granum and
Conus coffeae.
----------
Conus pomponeti Petuch & Myers , 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP Petuch & Myers
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 4, 37 - 39 with pic., pl. 4 G - J
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: off Ribeira, within Todos os Santos, Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 12 x 8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-pomponeti
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Known only from the type localityendemic
Habitat:- In muddy sand, 0,5 m depth
Description:-Source Original description
Shell small for genus, stocky, fusiform; shoulder sharply angled, bodered by rounded, undulating
carina; spire elevated, distinctly pyramidal; body whorl smooth and shiny, completely
ornamented wiyh 12 – 14 evenly-spaced, deeply incised spiral sulci, with sulci becoming
stronger and more deeply-incised toward anterior end, entire shell uniformly pale yellow-white;
shoulder carina white; aperture proportionally wide, becoming wider at anterior end, colored pale
yellowish-white within; spire whorls white or pale yellow-white; protoconch proportionally very
large, bulbous, excerted and mamillate, composed of 2 rounded whorls, white in color.
Discussion:
----------
Conus pongo Shikamai & Oishi, 1977
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Sci. Rep. Yokohama natn. Univ. sect. 2 (24), p.21, pl.4, figs 5a-b
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: East China Sea
Type Data: Holotype was in KPMY and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 64 x 28.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus bullatus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-bullatus pongo forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-East China Sea (Indian Ocean?)
Habitat:-Slightly subtidal to about 20 m
Description:- Aperture color reddish brown.
----------
Conus poormani Berry, 1968
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SBMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Leafl. Malacol. 1, no. 35, p. 156
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Off Moro Colorado, Sonora, Mexico; 24-26 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 45 x 21.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-poormani
Synonyms:- fenzani Petuch & Sargent, 2011
Geographic Range:-Gulf of California - Gulf of Panama
Habitat:-Offshore
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately heavy with a good gloss; low biconical,sides parallel then tapering to narrow base;
basal ridges extending and weakening; shoulder broad,carinate, concave above; spire moderate,
sharply pointed, sides concave/straight; spire whorls distinctly stepped, first 3 whorls nodulose,
others carinate; tops whorl concave; body whorl white, with broad orange brown axial flammules
to midbody; fully developed shells have reticulate appearance; spiral spots absent or poorly
developed; base light; spire nad shoulder white with many curved axial lines of orange brown;
early whorls pale brown; aperture moderately narrow, widening; outer lip thin sharp; mouth
white; columella narrow mostly internal, slightly oblique.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus poremskii Petuch & Myers , 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP Petuch & Myers
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 3, 35 with pic., pl. 3 D & E
Ocean geography: Western Atlantic
Type Locality: off Corumbau, Bahia State, Brazil
Type Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-poremskii
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- from Guarapari, Espiritu Santo State (Coltro, 2011: 60) to central Rio de
Janeiro State, Brazil.
Habitat:- On coarse carbonate sand and rubble in 1 m depth, near reef
Description:-Source Original description
Shell of average size for genus, proportionally broad, inflated, and stocky, wide across the
shoulder; shoulder sharply angled, bordered with large, rounded carina; spire proportionally low,
broadly pyramidal, with slightly canaliculate whorls; body whorl smooth and polished, with 10
deeply incised spiral sulci around anterior one-third; spire whorls smooth; body whorl base color
deep blue-purple, overlaid with large amorphous dark brown patches arranged in 2 broad bands,
one around posterior two-thirds and one around anterior end; blue-purple base color and brown
patches, in turn, overlaid with 16-18 evenly-spaced rows of alternating dark brown and white
dots and dashes; shoulder carina marked with 10-16 large dark brown spots; spire whorls with
large, regularly-spaced slender dark brown flammules, some of which connect with spots on
shoulder carina; early whorls pale tan; aperture proportionally wide, becoming wider toward
anterior end; interior of aperture dark purple brown; protoconch proportionally large, rounded,
mamillate, composed of 2 whorls; periostracum thin, smooth, transparent.
Discussion:----------
Conus portobeloensis Petuch, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: Nautilus. 104 (2), p. 68, f. 32 & 33
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Portobelo, Panama
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-portobeloensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Panama, Honduras
Habitat:-Trawled at depths of 30 m
Description:-Source: Original description
Shell elongate, subpyriform, with low spire; earliest postnuclear whorls protracted, becoming
flattened during ontogeny; shoulder sharply angled, edged with small but distinct carina that
projects beyond shoulder margin; body whorl smooth and shiny, with 20 large, raised cords
around the anterior quarter; spire whorls smooth; shell color white, marked with intermittent
longitudinal flammules of pale orange-tan; longitudinal flammules, in turn, overlaid with
scattered darker tan dots and dashes; anterior end of body whorl pale yellow-orange; spire white,
with scattered amorphous f1ammules of dark orange-tan; midbody marked with clear white
band; interior of aperture white; protoconch and early whorls dark orange; periostracum thin, tan,
silky in texture.
Discussion:-Discussion: At first glance, Conus portobeloensis appears to be related to the C.
garciai-ernesti-cingulatus species complex, particularly in color pattern. Based upon the
presence of a shoulder carina and a subpyriform body form, however, C. portobeloensis appears
to be more closely related to C. commodus A. Adams, 1854 (reillustrated by Petuch, 1987: plate
10, figures 18. 19) from off Roatan Island. Honduras, and may be the Panamanian analogue.
Conus portobeloensis differs from the Honduran species in being a larger, more elongated shell
and in having a color pattern of orange-tan flammules and dots. The new Panamian species is
also similar to C. paraguana Petuch, 1987 from the Gulf of Venezuela, as both species have an
orangish dashed color pattern and both have a clear white midbody band. Conus portobeloensis
differs from C. paraguana, however, in being a much larger, broader species with a wider and
more sharply angled shoulder.
Tucker comments: It is probably better known as G.paschalli but there is really no difference
between the type specimens of G. paschalli and that of G. portobeloensis.
---------Conus poulosi Petuch, 1993
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in CMNH Alan Kohn
Published in: La Conchiglia xxiv, no. 265, p. 11, f. 12 & 13
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off Cabo La Vela, Goajira Peninsula, Colombia; 35 m.
Type Data: Holotype in CMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 36 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-poulosi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Colombia
Habitat:-Found at depths around 30 meters
Description:-Source Original description
Shell very elongated, slender, swollen at shoulder, tapering toward anterior end; sides of body
whorl below shoulder distinctly concave, producing midline constriction; shoulder angled,
slightly rounded at periphery; spire flattened, with early whorls protracted; body whorl polished,
sculptured with numerous very fine, weak spiral threads, producing silky texture; anterior end
encircled with 12 large spiral cords; anterior half of body whorl with 5 widely-spaced, stronger
threads that stand above finer spiral threads; aperture narrow, constricted in middle, wider at
anterior and posterior ends; body whorl color orange with paler orange longitudinal streaks; edge
of rounded shoulder angle periphery marked with scattered large white patches; anterior tip of
shell paler orange; spire white with scattered brown flammules on early whorls, becoming solid
orange with few scattered white patches on penultimate and body whorls; protoconch and
earliest whorls light brown; interior of aperture pale orange-white; periostracum unknown.
Discussion:-Note Tucker suggests that it may be synonym of C. sanderi.
On the northern South American cones, Conus poulosi most closely resembles Conus honkeri
Petuch, 1988. Although both shells are elongated and slender, the new species has a concave
profile with a distinct midline constriction, while C. honkeri is slightly convex in profile and
lacks the midline constriction. The spire of C. honkeri is higher than that of C. poulosi and its
whorls are distinctly canaliculate. The spire whorls of C. poulosi are flattened and are noncanaliculate. The new species also resembles the widespread C. attenuatus Reeve, 1844, but
differs in being a larger shell, in having the swollen, projecting shoulder periphery, and in having
the conspicuous midline
constriction. In this last character, C. poulosi somewhat resembles a small, smooth version of the
Indo-Pacific C. emaciatus Reeve, 1849. The new species is the only western Atlantic known to
have such a pronounced midbody constriction.
----------
Conus praecellens A. Adams, 1854
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1854, p. 119
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: China Seas
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kurodaconus Species:-praecellens
Synonyms:- subaequalis Sowerby iii, 1870
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines and Melanesia (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands,
New Caledonia, Vanuatu); Madagascar, Reunion, Somalia, India and W. Thailand; W. Australia;
probably also in Indonesia
Habitat:-In 10-250 m. In Papua New Guinea, a coarsely sculptured typical form on muddy
bottom in about 12 m or at depths of 30-40 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to moderately large, moderately light to moderately solid; relative weight may
vary by 40%. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical or pyriform, sometimes to broadly and
ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, slightly convex to concave below. Shoulder
carinate, with a moderately deep to deep exhalent notch. Spire high, stepped; outline straight to
concave. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter 0.6-0.8 mm. First 4-5 postnuclear
whorls weakly tuberculate; late whorls carinate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with
0-1 increasing to 5-12 spiral grooves. Last whorl with punctate or axially striate spiral grooves of
equal or variable width separated by strong to weak ribbons.
Ground colour white or pale brown. Last whorl with spiral rows of yellowish to dark brown dots
and bars on ribbons, and fusing into 3 spiral bands, below shoulder and on both sides of centre.
Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with sparse to many brown radial markings.
Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 33-63 mm
RW 0.06-0.25 g/mm
(L 34-54 mm)
RD 0.54-0.75
PMD 0.82-0.92
RSH 0.24-0.38
Discussion:-C. praecellens is larger (to 63 mm) than C. acutangulus and differs in the absence
of tubercles on its late postnuclear whorls, the greater number of spiral grooves on its late sutural
ramps, and in the lower number of whorls of its larval shell (about 2.5 whorls c 3 to 4).
C. praecellens varies very widely in relative diameter of the last whorl, but the variation is
continuous and is not correlated with other character differences. Shells from deep water may
have a slender and weakly sculptured last whorl, maculated with light brown. The type specimen
of C. sowerbii is a typical specimen of C. praecellens. The taxonomic status of C. bicolor / C.
sinensis remains disputable, because the type specimen is lost and the type figure does not match
C. praecellens in a satisfying way. RKK favour synonymy with C. praecellens, because such
pyriform specimens occur within the populations of the latter species; moreover, axial flecks are
also observed in typical C. praecellens . C. s. var. subaequalis refers to a small individual of C.
praecellens. Cernohorsky (1965) documented C. praecellens as the earliest available name for
this species.
Morphologically very similar specimens that differ in a multispiral larval shell (about 3 whorls)
are only provisionally attached to this species.
See C. andremenezi, C. rizali, C. miniexcelsus descriptions of 2010.
----------
Conus praelatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1, p. 746, no. 140, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 345, fig. 4 & 5)
Type Locality: East Indies
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG
Type Size: 47 x 24 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus f. praelatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Mozambique
Habitat:
Description: A colour form from the SW Indian Ocean with blotches and fine lined tents; black
or orange with bluish tents; last whorl elongated ventricosely conical.
--------Conus pretiosus Nevill & Nevill, 1874
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in ZSIC Mike Filmer ZSIC
Published in: J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 43, pt. 2, no. 1, p. 22
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Andamans
Type Data: Holotype in ZSIC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 60 x 25 mm
Nomenclature: a senior synonym of C. phuketensis da Motta, 1978, C. pretiosus should be
forgotten (nomen oblitum) and C. phuketensis should take precedence (nomen protectum).
Taxonomy: Suppressed senior synonym
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name pretiosus
---------Conus primus Röckel & Korn, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paratype
Published in: Acta Conchyliorum Nr. 2, p. 45, pl. 10, row 1, f. 1-5, p. 47, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Banka Saya de Malha, Mascarene Ridge
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 85.2 x 27.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-prima
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Banka Saya de Malha, Indian Ocean
Habitat:-Found at depths of 80-100 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical;
outline somewhat convex adapically, straight (right side) or slightly concave (left side) below.
Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder; depth of exhalent notch about 1/4 of
maximum diameter. Shoulder angulate. Spire of moderate height to high, outline straight to
slightly concave. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.9 mm. First 7-8 postnuclear whorls
tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 2 increasing to 5 spiral
grooves; last ramp may bear 4 grooves and a few spiral striae. Last whorl with spiral ribs from
base to shoulder, restricted to basal third and weak in large specimens.
Ground colour white. Last whorl overlaid with light brown to orange leaving 4 spiral rows of
white tents and blotches to almost solid white bands, just below shoulder and centre and within
adapical as well as basal third. Intervening spiral colour bands may contain scattered white tents.
Spiral rows of brown dots and dashes extending from base to shoulder, containing intermittent
bright white dashes within the ground-colour zones. In a colour pattern variant from the type
locality, last whorl light brown except for sparse white markings centrally, with wavy axial lines
at centre and within adapical third. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps matching last
whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white, or pale pink deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 60-103 mm
RW -0.26 g/mm
(L 85 mm)
RD 0.39-0.43
PMD 0.76-0.81
RSH 0.18-0.25
Discussion:-C. primus cannot be confused with any of its Indo-Pacific congeners. C.
milneedwardsi may be superficially similar but is distinguished by its broader and more conical
last whorl (RD 0.42-0.54; PMD 0.86-0.94), generally higher spire (RSH 0.20-0.36), relatively
deeper exhalent notch, and by its colour pattern including prominently reticulated lines but
lacking dotted to dashed spiral lines.
----------
Conus princeps Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in ZIUU Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Systema Naturae 10th ed., 1, p. 713.
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: Holotype in ZIUU deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 51 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Ductoconus Species:-princeps
Synonyms:- regius Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; lineolatus Valenciennes, 1832; regus Küster,
1837; apogrammatus Dall, 1910;
Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W Mexico - Peru; Galapagos
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately to very heavy, often cumbersome, with a low gloss; obconical, the sides nearly
straight; basal ridges and axial threads; shoulder roundly angled, with heavy but low coronations,
broad; spire low/flat, the early whorls erode; whorls heavily coronated, slightly concave above;
body whorl deep pink to bright orange, rarely yellowish, with/ without narrow/broad irregular
axial flammules/threads of black/dark brown;spire color as body with curved blackish lines;
early whorls eroded white; aperture narrow, uniform; outer lip sharp, straight; mouth dull pink to
orange often milky white within; columella short narrow;
C. p. lineolatus covered with fine axial black hairlines closely following axial growth lines;
C. p. aprogrammatus lacks markings.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus princeps apogrammatus Dall, 1910
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USMN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 38 (1741), p. 224, not figured
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Panama, (West coast)
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 35.5 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus princeps
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Ductoconus Species:-princeps f. apogrammatus
Synonyms:
Geographic Range:- West coast of Panama
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately to very heavy, often cumbersome, with a low gloss; obconical, the sides nearly
straight; basal ridges and axial threads; shoulder roundly angled, with heavy but low coronations,
broad; spire low/flat, the early whorls erode; whorls heavily coronated, slightly concave
above;body whorl deep pink to bright orange, rarely yellowish, with/ without narrow/broad
irregular axial flammules/threads of black/dark brown;spire color as body with curved blackish
lines; early whorls eroded white; aperture narrow, uniform; outer lip sharp, straight; mouth dull
pink to orange often milky white within; columella short narrow;
C. p. aprogrammatus lacks markings.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus princeps lineolatus Valenciennes, 1832
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in ZIUU Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Humboldt & Bonpland, Voyage dans l' intérieur de l' Amerique dans les Années
1799 – 1802 Recueil d'Obeservations de Zoologie et Anatomie comparee, pt. 2, book 14: p. 336,
not figured
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Acapulco, Mexico, (West coast)
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 62.5 x 36 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus princeps
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Ductoconus Species:-princeps f. lineolatus
Synonyms:Geographic Range West Panama
Habitat:-Shallow water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately to very heavy, often cumbersome, with a low gloss; obconical, the sides nearly
straight; basal ridges and axial threads; shoulder roundly angled, with heavy but low coronations,
broad; spire low/flat, the early whorls erode; whorls heavily coronated, slightly concave above;
body whorl deep pink to bright orange, rarely yellowish, with/ without narrow/broad irregular
axial flammules/threads of black/dark brown;spire color as body with curved blackish lines;
early whorls eroded white; aperture narrow, uniform; outer lip sharp, straight; mouth dull pink to
orange often milky white within; columella short narrow;
C. p. lineolatus covered with fine axial black hairlines closely following axial growth lines
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus priscai Bozzetti, 2012
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in Bozzetti collection
Published in: Malacologia 77, p. 22, figs
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Saint Luce, 20 km North of Tolagnaro, South Eastern Madagascar
Type Data: Holotype in Bozetti Collection
Type Size: 59,73 x 28,89 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-priscai
Synonyms:Geographic Range:-S.E. Madagascar; only known from the type locality
Habitat:Description:-Original descrtiption
Ventricosely conical, shoulder subangulate, body whorl convex on right side, very slightly
concave at the base and convex above left side. Body whorls covered by thick and thin axial
growth lines and spiral striae, the spirals becoming stronger in the basal area. Body whorl with a
white background color, several spiral bands variable in width of light brown color and lattice
pattern, the first one on the shoulder, the remaining ones on the walls surface. Other teleoconch
whorls with a white background covered by axial flammulae, dark brown on the first whorls
becoming lighter after; apex light brown, inside of the aperture yellowish.
Discussion:- The author compares the species with C. biancae and C. textile.
----------
Conus profundorum Kuroda, 1956
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in THTA Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Venus vol. xix, no. 1, p. 5, text f. 8 & 9
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Tosa, Japan; 100+ fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in THTA deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 83 x 28 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-profundorum
Synonyms:- soyomaruae Okutani, 1964
Geographic Range:-Japan, Philippines, New Caledonian area; possibly also S. E. Pacific
Habitat:-Found at depths of 150-500 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, solid. Last whorl conical, ventricosely conical or slightly pyriform;
outline convex adapically, straight to concave below. Shoulder rounded, occasionally indistinct.
Spire of moderate height to high, outline nearly straight or slightly sigmoid, occasionally slightly
concave. Larval shell of 3 or more whorls, maximum diameter 1-1.1 mm. First 4-7 postnuclear
whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, slightly concave or sigmoid in later whorls,
with a spiral striation. Last whorl with fine spiral ribs at base.
Ground colour creamy-white to cream. Last whorl with a broad adapical violet-brown or brown
spiral band and often one or several similarly coloured bands of varying widths below; bands
sometimes irregularly interrupted. Apex white. Later sutural ramps variably maculated or
overlaid with brown to violet-brown. Aperture light to pinkish brown.
Shell Morphometry
L 52-114 mm
RW 0.15-0.33 g/mm
(L 52-81 mm)
RD 0.54-0.63
PMD 0.78-0.87
RSH 0.16-0.28
Discussion:-C. profundorum is similar to C. smirna, which differs in its shoulder having a
prominent edge, its flat late sutural ramps, and in the simple pattern of its last whorl with 2 pale
spiral bands on the white ground. Shells of C. smirna from New Caledonia and shells of C.
profundorum from New Caledonia can be distinguished by their shape (RD 0.49-0.53 vs. 0.620.63), relative spire height (RSH 0.21-0.28 vs. 0.16-0.17), and colour pattern. C. lani is a smaller
species (to 54 mm) with a narrower, more conical last whorl (RD 0.50-0.55; PMD 0.84-0.89)
with straighter outline, flat late sutural ramps and aplain brown colouration with white spots.
C. soyomaruae was assigned to C. smirna by Richard (1990), although the latter species has a
less ventricose and distinctly narrower last whorl (RD of holotypes: 0.51 vs. 0.56). We consider
C. soyomaruae a colour form of C. profundorum with a more prominent, darker brown banding,
because all its other conchological characters fall within the range of variation of the latter
species
---------Conus prometheus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 331, fig. 5)
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 667
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Africa
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 331, fig. 5)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus pulcher [Lightfoot], 1786
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name prometheus
----------
Conus propenudus Melvill, 1900
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Published in: J. Conchol. ix, no. 10, p. 310
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Khor Fakkau, Oman
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 88 x 40 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus aulicus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-aulicus propenudus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Oman
Habitat:-In 1-30 m; on reef flats and coral reefs near dead and living corals, sand substrates or
sometimes coral rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately large to large, moderately solid to moderately heavy. Form gracianus, moderately
small to moderately large, moderately solid. Last whorl narrowly cylindrical to narrowly ovate,
sometimes cylindrical to ovate; outline straight and parallel-sided to slightly convex; left side
concave and right side straight at basal fourth. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder.
Shoulder subangulate to rounded. Spire usually of moderate height, outline straight to slightly
concave. Larval shell of 2.5-3 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. First 2-5 postnuclear
whorls tuberculate, sometimes weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave to
slightly convex, with 1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves in early whorls; late ramps with
numerous spiral striae. Last whorl with fine, closely spaced spiral ribs on basal fourth to third
and spiral threads above.
Ground colour white, often variably suffused with pink. Last whorl overlaid with reddish to
blackish brown, leaving small to moderately large ground-colour tents and blotches. Brown areas
interspersed with darker brown to black spiral lines often articulated with ground-colour dots.
Predominantly brown shells intergrade with predominantly white shells. Form aurantia with an
orange-brown pattern. Larval whorls and first 3-5 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate white.
Late ramps with radial streaks and blotches matching last whorl pattern in colour. Aperture
cream to yellow or orange, white in subadults.
Shell Morphometry
L 65-163 mm
RD 0.40-0.51
PMD 0.63-0.75
RSH 0.11-0.17
C. a. propenudus refers to a colour pattern form with reduced brown network pattern.
Discussion:-No Data
----------
Conus proteus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 334, fig. 1)
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 682
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Indian Ocean [erroneous]. Var. B Santo Domingo & Guadeloupe.
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 334, fig. 1)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus spurius Gmelin, 1791
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name proteus
----------
Conus proximus Sowerby ii, 1859
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 429, pl. 49, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-proximus
Synonyms:- pulcher A. Adams, 1854
Geographic Range:-Philippines to Vanuatu and Fiji
Habitat:-Found in sand below reefs at 50-90 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, conical to conoid- cylindrical; outline slightly convex,
columella slightly deflected to left at siphonal fasciole. Shoulder angulate to subangulate, with
about 12-17 tubercles. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell with about
2 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. Postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural
ramps flat with 0 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves, sometimes with a few additional striae. Last
whorl with widely to closely spaced, often granulose spiral ribs or ribbons either extending from
base to shoulder or restricted to basal part; grooves between punctate or axially striate.
Ground colour white to light brown. Last whorl heavily clouded with yellowish to orangish
brown; colour marking irregularly arranged or forming indistinct spiral bands on both sides of
centre. Spiral rows of brown or orange dots and dashes extending from base to shoulder, varying
from numerous to absent. Postnuclear sutural ramps with radial streaks matching last whorl
pattern in colour, often as pronounced spots between tubercles. Aperture white to pale blue or
violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-45 mm
RW 0.10-0.24 g/mm
RD 0.53-0.63
PMD 0.82-0.92
RSH 0.08-0.21
Discussion:-C. moluccensis is very similar in shell characters and in the colouration of the
animal. It differs from C. proximus mainly in its multispiral (3.5 or more vs. 2 whorls) larval
shell and in its larger size (to 60 mm). In Philippines, typical form occurs sympatrically with
heavily sculptured shells (form cebuensis) and shells with rather smooth last whorl. These forms
intergrade in shell morphology and shell pattern.
Conus proximus cebuensis Sowerby ii, 1859
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Gloria Maris 29 (2), p. 25, figs 4 - 6
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Punta Engano, Mactan Is, Cebu, Philippines
Type Data: Syntype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37.1 x 19.2 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus proximus, according to Filmer a form
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-proximus cebuensis
Synonyms:Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:- Shallow to deeper water, 2 - 40 m
Description:- Gloria Maris: Shell solid, slightly glossy of medium size, average 35-40 mm. Spire
medium to low, nearly straight and a little concave near the apex, which is acute. The 9 whorls
have two spiral cords and are weakly coronated. Sides of the bodywhorl are convex just below
the shoulder, the middle part is straight and slightly compressed above the base. Bodywhorl
ornamented with numerous elevated spiral cords, smooth intersticed. The surface is cream to
light pinkish in fresh specimens. Spiral cords interrupted brown to blackish brown, some
irregular white spots. Inside aperture is blue-white.
Discussion:- Less slender than the nominate, more stout and convex beneath the shoulder; spire
weakly coronated instead of strong pronounced. Less spiral cords.
----------
Conus pseudaurantius Vink & von Cosel, 1985
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Rev. Suisse. Zool. 92, p. 544, pl. 4, figs. 8-12, pl. 6. figs. 1
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Union Isle, Lesser Antilles
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 34.5 x 17.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Protoonus Species:-pseudaurantius
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Known only from Grenada and the islands of the Grenadines with records
from Carriacou, Union Isle and Mustique.
Habitat:-Found on sand or coral rubble in shallow water at depths of 3 to 5 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A slender shell, 30 to 40 mm, with short to moderately elevated rather straight-sided spire with
coronated spire whorls. Body whorl slightly convex, shoulder of body whorl tuberculated with
numerous knobs, becoming obsolete on the last half of the body whorl in fully adult specimens.
Surface with weak spiral rows of granules, mainly at the anterior half of the body whorl.
Aperture broadening anteriorly producing a rounded base, no 'internal restriction' within the
aperture. Animal bright red, operculum tiny but longish, about 1/5 of aperture height. Colour
pattern consisting of two irregular orange brown, red brown or black spiral bands of irregular
isolated or interconnected patches on purplish white or yellowish white background. In addition
numerous spiral lines of dark brown dots in the light areas and very small close-set white dots in
the dark areas.
Discussion:-C. pseudaurantius could be confused with C. aurantius (which is larger with larger
and more pronounced shoulder knobs, a more narrow base and spiral rows of small dots on the
body whorl which are more dense and with more numerous dots).
----------
Conus pseudimperialis Moolenbeek, Zandbergen, Bouchet, 2008
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Bill Fenzan/ Paul Kersten
Published in: Vita Malacologica 6, 31
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Nuku Hiva, Marquesas
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 37.4 x 32.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rhombiconus Species:-pseudimperialis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Marquesas
Habitat:-Found at depths of 35-50 m.
Description:-Source original description
Height 37.4 mm, width 20.8 mm, aperture height 32.4 mm. Shell medium- sized, solid to heavy.
Last whorl broadly conical. Spire low to moderate height, outline straight to slightly concave.
Protoconch partly broken. First pnw, slightly stepped but a bit eroded. First pnw with nodules
and spire whorls with two fine spiral grooves which gradually disappear. Later whorls with
irregular axial growth threads and nodules on the edge of the whorls. Body whorls straight, only
the upper part slightly convex. On the edge of the shoulder of the body whorl 14 nodules. The
lower part of the body whorl has numerous, hardly visible fine spiral grooving. Colour pc white.
Ground colour body whorl greyish white with numerous spiral colour bands. These bands
consists of very fine brown spots, or bands with white and dark chocolate-brown spots. Some
dark brown blotches irregularly disposed. especially on the ventral side. Base dark brown.
Aperture white except the base which is chocolate brown.
Discussion:----------
Conus pseudocardinalis Coltro, 2004
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MZUSP Bill Fenzan
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Strombus 11, p. 7
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: 125 km NE Abrolhos Arch., off Alcobaca, Bahia State, Brazil (15deg 50' S,
37deg 57' W)
Type Data: Holotype in MZUSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15 x 7.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-pseudocardinalis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brasil
Habitat:-Lives on rubble and coral sand bottom at 20-35 meters on offshore reefs.
Description:-Source: original description
Length: 14 to 24 mm, concave-sided, variable spire from almost flat (1/8 of size) to medium high
{1/5 of size). Spire irregular, almost smooth with a low deep suture between the whorls.
Shoulder of the body whorl irregular to smooth. Body whorl slightly cylindrical covered by 1518 widely spaced weak spiral ridges. Apex pink, nucleus with 1 1/2 to 2 whorls. Spire with 5 up
7 whorls, with medium deep suture. Color body variable from dark green to red- brown, with a
central irregular white and brown band. Top with white and brown irregular marks covering up
to shoulder border. Deep purple aperture, colored inner margin.
Discussion:-Similar to C. cardinalis Hwass, 1792, C. pseudocardinalis is more slender and has
no nodules on the shoulder or in the body spiral ridges. Regarding C. pseudocardinalis, it is quite
impossible to consider this species as a form of the Caribbean C. cardinalis. The geographic
distributions of the two populations are largely disjunct, the differences cited above are
consistent, and no intermediate specimens have been found. The species lives in an offshore reef.
----------
Conus pseudocedonulli Blainville, 1818
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Dict. Sci. Nat. 10, p. 247
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus ammiralis Linnaeus, 1758; RKK regards it as a subspecies
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-ammiralis pseudocedonulli forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mozambique to Kenya and Seychelles, West Thailand
Habitat:-C. a. pseudocedonulli slightly subtidal to about 50 m, from fine to coarse sand and
muddy sand.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. ammiralis
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to heavy; relative weight of similarly sized specimens
may vary by 50%. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical; outline variably convex at adapical
fourth and almost straight below, sometimes slightly concave centrally. Shoulder angulate,
smooth in C. a. ammiralis, except weakly tuberculate in specimens with granulose ribs on last
whorl (form architalassus); shoulder prominently tuberculate in C. a. pseudocedonulli. Spire of
low to moderate height, outline straight to concave. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.9
mm. About first 4 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate (C. a. ammiralis) or all whorls
tuberculate (C. a. pseudocedonulli). Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1
increasing to 4-6 fine spiral grooves, replaced by many spiral striae in last 3 whorls. Last whorl
usually with closely spaced weak to obsolete spiral ribs near base; some populations of C. a.
ammiralis (e.g. Moluccas; Solomon Is.) include granulose specimens (form architalassus).
Ground colour white. Last whorl with 2-6 variably broad pale orange to dark brown spiral bands,
containing dark spiral as well as axial lines and interrupted by small to large white tents that may
fuse to some extent. Below shoulder, at base and between colour bands, fine yellow to tan lines
form a delicate network with fewer large white tents. Pattern occurs in varied designs. Larval
whorls pink. Early postnuclear sutural ramps usually eroded, grading from pink to white,
sometimes with brown dots at outer margins. Late ramps with light to dark brown radial blotches
containing darker radial lines. Aperture white, occasionally orange-brown deep within.
Blainville description
C. pseudocedonulli has neither a double regular band medially nor with pattern of two adapical
and two abapical spiral narrow bands. Only with brown or reddish spiral lines, articulated with
white dots, and with irregular white blotches of varable size, rarely edged with brown; ground
colour cinnamon, orange,light brown or reddish black.
Discussion:-C. pseudocedonulli is best considered a geographic subspecies of C. ammiralis,
occurring throughout the Indian Ocean as far east as W. Thailand.
---------Conus pseudocuneolus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMSF Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Cone Shells form Cape Verde Is. p. 117, f. 96-99
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Serra Negra & Parda Bays, Sal Is.,Cape Verde Is., 0. 5-4 m.
Type Data: Holotype in NMSF deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 30.1 x 17.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Accpording to Filmer a synonym form of Conus cuneolus Reeve, 1843 by others
seen as a valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-pseudocuneolus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Cape Verde Islands (Sal Island, Baia Parda and Serra Negra).
Habitat:-Found at depths of 1-4 metres
Description:-Source Original description
A moderately large shell very variable. Most specimens have a very dark aspect, with a light
band at about mid-body crossed by many dark brown axial wavy lines, the rest of the body whorl
being covered by a dark brown layer, the axial lines occasionally showing through. Some
specimens, however, are much lighter coloured, eventually honey-coloured, but always
presenting the kind of pattern just described. A second light band often occurs near the shoulder.
The spire is moderately low, slightly concave-sided, and the spire whorls are spirally striated.
The body whorl is smooth, except for some spiral grooves near the anterior end.
The aperture is purplish blue to purplish white, the edge of the thin straight lip presenting, by
transparency, the external coloration.
Discussion:-C. pseudocuneolus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980 may resemble some forms of
C. cuneolus Reeve, 1843, but is generally larger, with a more or less constant and distinct
pattern. No intergrades have been found between C. pseudocuneolus and C. cuneolus, the latter
not occurring at the same locations as the former.
---------Conus pseudoecho Bozetti, 2013
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Paris Luigi Bozzetti
Published in: Malacologia 78, p. 9 -10, figs.
Type Locality: West Pacific
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN Paris
Type Size: 60.74 x 31 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pennaceus
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus pseudoecho subsp.
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Lavanono, Southern Madagascar
Habitat: Found crabbed
Description: Profile conical, shoulder angulate, body whorly slightly convex; back ground
reddish brown with numerous tent-shaped spots irregularly spread over the whole surface;
surface of the body whorl covered by evenly distributed brown spiral lines.
---------Conus pseudokimioi da Motta & Martin, 1982
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Carf. Phil. Shell News 4 (3), p. 9, fig. 4
Ocean geography :Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mindanao Sea off Siguijor Is., Philippines; ca. 100 fathoms.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-pseudokimioi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Found at depths of 120-240 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small and light. Last whorl conical to slightly pyriform; outline straight to convex adapically,
straight to concave below. Shoulder angulate. Spire low, outline concave. Larval shell of about 3
whorls, maximum diameter about 1 mm. First 1-3 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch
sutural ramps flat, with 1-3 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with fine, variably
spaced spiral ribs at base and about 6 fine spiral grooves below shoulder.
Ground colour light greyish violet. Last whorl encircled with about 20 fine brown spiral lines
and with light brown axial streaks and rectangular blotches forming an interrupted spiral band at
centre. Larval whorls grey. Postnuclear sutural ramps with evenly spaced brown radial blotches
extending over shoulder, darker at their outer margins or reduced to marginal dots in early
whorls. Aperture violet.
Shell Morphometry
L 16-23 mm
RW - (< 0.06 g/mm)
RD 0.52-0.61
PMD 0.85-0.91
RSH 0.10-0.14
C. kimioi has narrow last whorl, with brick wall pattern and is concave adapically and has
carinate shoulder.
C. spirofilis has broader last whorl, slightly higher spire, on no spiral grooves on sutural
ramps.its last whorl may have ribs rather than grooves below shoulder
Discussion:-C. pseudokimioi was described as a subspecies of C. kimioi. RKK provisionally
favour the status of a separate species for C. pseudokimioi, because C. kimioi differs in its
narrower last whorl (RD 0.46-0.54) with a regular brick wall pattern and a concave rather than
convex outline adapically; its shoulder is carinate rather than angulate and its larval shell slightly
darker, slightly narrower and of slightly more whorls than that of C. pseudokimioi. C. spirofilis.
can be distinguished by its broader last whorl (RD 0.63-0.75). generally higher spire (RSH 0.140.22), and the absence of spiral grooves on its sutural ramps; its last whorl may have spiral ribs
rather than fine spiral grooves below the shoulder.
---------Conus pseudomarmoreus Crosse, 1875
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Published in: J. Conchyl. xxiii, p. 223, pl. ix, f. 4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 50.5 x 20.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-marmoreus pseudomarmoreus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 1-15 m. On coral reef platforms and lagoon pinnacles, on coral debris and in sand
often under rocks or among weed.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. marmoreus.
Form pseudomarmoreus is characterized by an almost smooth shoulder. Shells with a typically
arranged reddish to brownish orange pattern are known from the Isle of Pines (New Caledonia).
Discussion:-No Data
---------Conus pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Iconography West African and Mediterranean Cones, p. 66
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Baia das Gatas, Boavista I., Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 47 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Trovaoconus Species:-pseudonivifer
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Boavista, Cape Verde
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shell moderately large (normal length: 30 to 50 mm), with straight profile and a short, convex
spire, with well-marked suture. The shell has a bluish white background with a distinctive pattern
of spiral interrupted thick lines in shades of deep purple or dark brown. The spire is bluish white
with dark brown blotches. The aperture and columella are purple.
Discussion:-C. pseudonivifer sp. nov. can be separated from C. trochulus Reeve, 1844 because
the latter has a more slender shell. It can also be separated from C. venulatus Hwass, 1792,
which has a white or light bluish ground color on the last whorl and spire, slightly convex
profile, slightly concave spire and whitish aperture.
---------Conus pseudoracemosus Bozzetti, 2012 A nomen nudum; only listed for reference
Published in: Malacologia 74, 7
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not Known
Type Data: There is no known specimen
Nomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum), described as form post
1960
Taxonomy: Not applicable
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name pseudoracemosus
----------
Conus pseudorbignyi Röckel & Lan, 1981
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in TMGS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Bull. Malac. R. O. C. 8, p. 15, f. 1-3, 6 & 9
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Trawled southwest of Taiwan or south in Taiwan Strait; 200-400 m.
Type Data: Holotype in TMGS deposited and catalogued
Type Size : 44.9 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Bathyconus Species:-pseudorbignyi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Taiwan - Indonesia
Habitat:-Found at depths of 100-400m in mud
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small (shells from Philippines and Sulawesi) to medium-sized (shells from Taiwan),
light to moderately light. Last whorl narrowly conical or narrowly conoid-cylindrical to slightly
pyriform; outline slightly convex at adapical two-thirds, straight to concave below. Aperture very
narrow. Siphonal canal often deflected to the dorsal side. Shoulder angulate to carinate, almost
smooth to weakly tuberculate. Spire of moderate height to high, stepped; outline nearly straight
to slightly sigmoid. Larval shell of 3.5-4 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1 mm. First 8-9
postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with radial threads
and 1 increasing to 5-8 spiral grooves. Entire last whorl with axially striate spiral grooves
separating ribs basally and ribbons adapically; 1-3 fine spiral ribs replace ribbons just below
shoulder.
Ground colour beige, variably tinged with light brown. Last whorl of shells from Taiwan usually
with brown dots on spiral ribbons; dots not clustered into spiral bands but often arranged in axial
streaks or lines. Larval shell light brown, with a brown sutural line. Postnuclear sutural ramps
sparsely maculated with brown radial markings and with brown dots along outer margin.
Aperture white to light brown.
Shell Morphometry
L 32-55 mm
RW 0.05-0.10 g/mm
RD 0.41-0.47
PMD 0.80-0.91
RSH 0.20-0.28
Discussion:-C. pseudorbignyi is similar to the co-occurring C. orbignyi orbignyi. Shells of the
latter species attain larger size (85 mm), are strongly tuberculate, and have a colour pattern of
spiral bands on the last whorl, while the colour pattern of C. pseudorbignyi includes only less
prominent separate brown dots
---------Conus pseudoventricosus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in Tursch collection Mike Filmer
Published in: Cone Shells form Cape Verde Is. p. 83, f. 54
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Francisca Beach.,Sao Luzia Is., Cape Verde Is.
Type Data: Holotype was in Tursch collection and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 30.5 x 16 mm
Nomenclature: A homonym:- an available name, an invalid name, a homonym of C.
pseudoventricosa Sacco, 1893 (fossil), renamed C. luziensis Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1983.
Taxonomy: Renamed
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name pseudoventricosus
----------
Conus puillandrei Tenorio & Castelin, 2016
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Manuel Tenorio
Published in: European Journal of Taxonomy; p. 29 – 35; fig. 12 A-J
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Banc Jumeau-est, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43.2 x 18.0 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONOLITHINAE
Genus:-Profundiconus Species:-puillandrei
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia; Loyalty Reef, off Curtis Isl., Kermadec
Ridge, New Zealand and probably The Philippines
Habitat:-Found at depths of 1030 – 1180 m
Description:-Original Description
Shell moderately small to medium sized (maximum length: 57.0 mm). Shell profile ventricosely
conical, with a high spire. Spire profile sigmoid to slightly concave. Protoconch multispiral of 3–
3.5 whorls, white to yellow-brown. The last whorl of the larval shell shows minute axial ridges.
Early teleoconch whorls with nodules, which are often indistinct after whorls 5 to 6, but may
persist forming a nodulose ridge reaching the shoulder on the last whorl. Sutural ramp flat to
slightly concave, with very fine striae and arcuate threads becoming obsolete in late whorls.
Shoulder with a distinct ridge, usually smooth, although it can be nodulose or even strongly
nodulose in some specimens. Last whorl with convex sides adapically, then almost straight and
slightly concave abapically. Last whorl smooth or with very fine striae becoming more evident
towards the base. Spire and last whorl patternless, white to pale straw-yellow in colour.
Columella white. Aperture pale yellow or white. Periostracum yellow, thin and translucent.
Operculum with serrations.
Discussion:Similar shells have been found in the Philippines. These came on the market as Conus cf idedai
Ninomiya, 1987.
----------
Conus pulcher [Lightfoot], 1786
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Lister (1688, pl. 772, fig. 18)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Cat. Portland Mus. p. 179. no. 3844.
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Coasts of Guinea, (West Africa)
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Lister (1688, pl. 772, fig. 18)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kalloconus Species:-pulcher
Synonyms:- leoninus Gmelin, 1791; papilionaceus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; prometheus
Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; siamensis Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; byssinus Roding, 1798; indiae
Roding, 1798; archithalassius Link, 1807; fluctifer Dillwyn, 1817; grandis Sowerby i, 1823;
nicolii Wilson, 1831; breviculus Sowerby ii, 1833; bicolor Sowerby ii, 1833
Geographic Range:-West Africa frorn Senegal to Angola, including S. Tome e Principe. Not
present in the Cape Verde Islands.
Habitat:-Shallow Water
Description:-Source Iconography
Large to very large shell (in fact, this species has the largest specirnens in the whole family
Conidae, the largest having been recorded frorn Angola and S. Tome e Pr�ncipe; normal size:
70 to 230 mm). The shell has a straight profile, well rnarked shoulder,low to rnoderately high
spire with a slightly concave to convex profile. The sutural rarnps tend to be impressed, with
numerous growth lines. The ground color of the shell is white, with a pattem of golden brown
dots and dashes, often forming interrupted spiral lines. Those brown rnarkings normally
coalesce, forming wide spiral brown bands. The spire has a pattem of fairly regular altemating
white and brown areas.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus pulcher byssinus Röding, 1798
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype in Martini (1773, pl. 60, fig. 669)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Mus. Bolten 2, p. 41, no 518/40, not figured
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Not mentioned, designated (Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils) Villa Cisneros,
Western Sahara
Type Size: 65 x 42 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pulcher
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kalloconus Species:-pulcher byssinus
Geographic Range:- West Africa
Habitat:-Shallow Water
Description:-Source Iconography: The shell is similar to that of Conus pulcher but more
cylindrical, with a stocky profile. It is more brightly colored, presenting solid brownish spiral
lines on the body whorl, on which the white background color is usually predominant. The
brown markings tend to be darker, more clearly defined and thicker, even in the shape of small
rectangles.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus pulcher siamensis Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1, p. 662, no. 58, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 329, fig. 8)
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Indian Ocean [erroneous]
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG
Type Size: 102.5 x 62 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pulcher
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Kalloconus Species:-pulcher byssinus
Geographic Range:- Canary Islands and Madeira
Habitat:-Shallow Water
Description:-Source Iconography: The shell is similar to that of C. p. pulcher, but more brightly
colored, with shades of violet-brown. Shell is solid and heavy, always broader than that of the
nominate, with a very low or low spire. The lip is very thin even in adult specimens. They may
grow up to 180 mm, but the average size depends much on the particular population. The largest
specimens can be found at Lanzarote, the smallest at La Palma.
Discussion:-No Data
-----------
Conus pulicarius Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Living Animal: David Massemin Tahiti
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 622
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Pacific Ocean
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 45 x 29 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Puncticulis Species:-pulicarius
Synonyms:- fustigatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; punctulatus Roding, 1798; vautieri Kiener,
1845;
Geographic Range:-Central and W. Pacific, Polynesia except Marquesas; Indian O., Cocos
(Keeling) Island, and northern Western Australia.
Habitat:-Intertidal to more than 75 m; in deep sand away from limestone outcrops and growing
coral; mostly in sand-filled channels and large patches of sand on reef flats.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical, conoid-cylindrical, or
ventricosely conical, often broadly conical in C. p. pulicarius; outline convex at subshoulder area
and almost straight below, often with slight convexity above base. Siphonal fasciole pronounced,
may be separated from basal part by an incision. Shoulder subangulate to rounded, weakly to
strongly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, consistently low in C. p. vautieri; outline
slightly concave to straight. Larval shell of about 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.7 mm.
Postnuclear spire whorls strongly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 1
increasing to 4-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with variably spaced spiral grooves and adjacent ribs
on basal fourth.
C. p. pulicarius: Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of irregularly set black spots
or bars clustered in an interrupted spiral band within adapical and abapical third; clusters often
emphasized by underlying shadows of yellow, brown or violet. Near base, white dashes usually
alternate with black markings. Black spots and bars may fuse into solid axial flames. Larval
whorls white to grey. Teleoconch sutural ramps with variously solid black markings, varying in
number and arrangement. Aperture white to bluish white, often suffused with yellow or orange.
Shell Morphometry
L 35-75 mm
RW 0.29-1.10 g/mm
(L 35-64 mm)
RD 0.63-0.80
PMD 0.78-0.88
RSH 0.04-0.22
C. fustigatus used for specimens where spots fused into axial black stripes along growth marks;
Also used for specimens with widely spaced spots;
Discussion:-C. pulicarius resembles C. arenatus in shell characters and body colouration. The
pattern of the latter species consists of more and smaller spots that form flamelike clusters but do
not fuse into solid axial flames; its last whorl has a more convex outline as well as weaker spiral
sculpture, and tends to be ventricosely conical but not conoid-cylindrical. C. fustigatus and C.
punctulatus refer to C. p. pulicarius.
Conus pulicarius f. fustigatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 623
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Indian Ocean
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41 x 27 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus pulicarius Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name fustigatus
Discussion: Currently dealers are offering dark patterned specimens as fustigatus. These
specimens do not match the lectotype.
Conus pulicarius vautieri Kiener, 1845
Pictures:
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Coq. Viv. 2, pl. 100, fig. 3, (1849 – 50, Coq. Viv. 2, Sup., p. 350, no. 313)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not mentioned
Type Data: Holotype destroyed in World War 2
Type Size: 32 x ? mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pulicarius
Current Group Names:Geographic Range: Marquesas Islands
Description: Medium-sized to moderately large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical, conoidcylindrical, or ventricosely conical, often broadly conical; outline convex at subshoulder area and
almost straight below, often with slight convexity above base. Siphonal fasciole pronounced,
may be separated from basal part by an incision. Shoulder subangulate to rounded, weakly to
strongly tuberculate. Spire of low ; outline slightly concave to straight; with brownish grey
ground colour and reddish brown pattern; bands around last whorl underlaid with reddish brown;
intermittent white dashes often pronounced also adapically; aperture white.
Discussion: The local race from the Marquesas Is. was described as C. vautieri, but the
conchological similarities support its status as a geographic subspecies of C. pulicarius.
---------Conus puncticulatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 702
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Santo Domingo, (Dominican Republic), Guadeloupe & Martinique, restricted
(Kohn) to Santo Domingo, corrected (Vink) to Colon, Panama, (East coast)
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27 x 17 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-puncticulatus
Synonyms:- columba Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; mauritianus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792;
millepunctatus Röding, 1798; minutus Röding, 1798; scaber Link, 1807; pygmaeus Reeve, 1844;
papillosus Kiener, 1845; cardonensis Vink, 1990
Geographic Range:-Along the Caribbean coasts of Panama and Colombia.
Habitat:-Found on muddy or sandy bottoms at depths of 0 to 10 m often in rich populations
Description:-Source Vink
A moderately heavy shell, 15 to 30 mm, with convex sides of the body whorl and a slightly
concave-sided sharply pointed spire. Spire whorls flat, the margins not projecting carinae,
nucleus: 1 1/2 whorls. Shoulder rounded to roundly angled, often slightly concave above. The
anterior end is twisted, resulting in a distinct siphonal notch. Body whorl smooth with flat spiral
ridges over the anterior half; in some specimens these ridges are pustulose, and the pustules may
even cover the body whorl completely, i.e. also the upper half of the shell where no incised lines
are present.
Typical C. puncticulatus is purplish white with spiral rows of purplish or brownish dots and
purplish or brownish axial flames.
Discussion:-No Data
Conus puncticulatus cardonensis Vink, 1990
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1, p. 702, no. 92, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 331, figs. 2 & 8)
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Punta Cardon, Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20.9 x 11.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A subspecies
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-puncticulatus cardonensis subspecies
Synonyms:Geographic Range:-Venezuela and Colombia.
Habitat:-Mud, 0 – 10 mtrs
Description:Discussion:-No Data
Conus puncticulatus columba Hwass, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1: p. 709, no. 101, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 334, fig. 3)
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Corrected (Vink) Fort de France, Martinique, (Windward Islands)
Type Data: Type figure designated, (Clench) figure in Gualtieri, 1742, pl. 25, fig. G, (fig. 29 x
19 mm)
Type Size: 29 x 19 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A form of Conus puncticulatus
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Leptoconus Species:-puncticulatus f. columba
Synonyms:Geographic Range:-West Indies
Habitat:Description:- A white form; C. puncticulatus columba differs from typical C. puncticulatus in
being often proportionally wider at the shoulder and having more pronounced widely spaced
grooves anteriorly. Most specimens are completely white, pinkish white or white with very small
faint dots of brown. Juvenile specimens may have brown axial flames, and occasionally large
specimens with dark markings like typical C. puncticulatus are found in populations of otherwise
perfectly white specimens. Also pustulose forms exist, sometimes only a few cords near the
middle of the body whorl are pustulose.
Discussion:-No Data
---------Conus purissimus Filmer, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype C. lacteus Mike Filmer
Published in: Visaya 3 (2), 33
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Asia. (C. lacteus Lamarck, 1810)
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued (C .lacteus)
Type Size: 30 x 15.5 mm
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. lacteus
Lamarck, 1810
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Asprella Species:-purissimus
Synonyms:- lacteus Lamarck, 1810
Geographic Range:-Indonesia
Habitat:-At depths greater than 20 m.
Description:-New name for C. lacteus Lamarck
Description Visaya M. Filmer
C. lacteus Lamarck, 1810 is a medium sized (25 to 45 mm average 35 mm) solid, conical (RD
.48-.54) and heavy
shell (RW 0.87- 1.66 average 1.23). The spire is low (9%-15% average 13% of length) with a
sharp protoconchand a barely concave outline. The protoconch, which is often broken, is
greyish-white and opaque (see pI. 28, fig. 8). There are 8-9 post nuclear whorls, the early ones
appear slightly beaded and are stepped, the latter ones contain two deep and broad spiral grooves
crossed by numerous axial lines and having some further very fine spiral grooves interspersed
between the principle grooves. The later sutures are marked the early ones less so. The spire is
ivory white. The shoulder is angulate. The body whorl is relatively straight but curves in just
below the shoulder and is slightly turned up at the base. The surface is glossy and contains fairly
regular spiral grooves which are close set and narrow at the base and become well separated and
broader towards the upper part of the body whorl. These grooves usually extend to the shoulder
but may become obsolete on the upper part in some specimens. There are fine axial lines within
the grooves giving a cancellate appearance. The body whorl is white to ivory-white there is no
other color anywhere on the exterior of the shell. The aperture is broad, almost flared and the
interior is white, some specimens are very pale yellow deep within .The lip is thin but firm, the
anal notch is shallow and 'U' shaped. The columella is longish and contains a slight twist at the
base. The periostracum is reported as brown in the original description.
Discussion: - No Data
----------
Conus purpurascens Sowerby ii, 1833
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Conch. Illus. pt. 25, f. 13. & 13*
Ocean geography: Eastern Pacific
Type Locality: Type locality not mentioned, Annaa (Anaa Isl., Tuamotus in Index, 1841),
[erroneous].Broderip quotes Panama
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 47 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Chelyconus Species:-purpurascens
Synonyms:- regalitatis Sowerby ii, 1834; comptus Gould, 1853; luzonicus Sowerby ii, 1858;
rejectus Dall, 1910
Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W Mexico - Peru; C Pacific; Galapagos
Habitat:-Shallow Water
Description:-Source Walls
Moderately heavy with a good/low gloss; low conical rather ovate at times, the upper sides
convex then concave tapering to base; basal ridges sometimes extended or granulose;shoulder
sharply angulate to roundly angled; spire rather low, bluntly pointed/sharp, the sides
straight/concave; spire whorls concave,usually weakly stepped, the margins rude; body whorl
purplish to bluish grey, sometimes whitish or tan with violet tones, covered with numerous spiral
rows of brown dashes and white spots; the dashes often long almost continuous;large irregular
brownish, reddish blackish blotches around midbody sometimes fused into bands or reduced in
size; a row of small blotches below shoulder sometimes; midbody area pale; spire and shouler
bluish white, with dark brown axial lines, margins of whorls often brown; early whorls pinkish;
aperture moderately wide, uniform; outer lip thin, sharp, straight/convex; mouth deep bluish
white to violet; columella long narrow mostly fused;
Discussion:-Specimens from Galapagos are very variable from dark brown to unmarked white
---------Conus purvisi Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Published in: Malacologia 94, p. 32 - 33
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Praia do Canto, Boa Vista, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 16.2 x 8.3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Uncertain
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Africonus Species:-purvisi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:- Only known from the type locality
Habitat:- Collected between 0.5 m and 5 m deep on the rocks covered in algae and in cracks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Small shell (10 to 13.5 mm) elongated pear-shaped profile, almost biconical, with moderately
high spire,slightly stepped with visible sutures, slightly concave profile; the pattern of the spire
has white speckles alternating with darker brown-speckled fawn. The aperture is wide with color
brownish-reddish-purple colour, showing two light bands; the inner edge of the lip highlights the
typical exterior reticulation. The aperture at the shoulder portion is slightly flared. The shell has a
bluish-greenish base colour with a pattern of irregular zigzag macules and spiral band near the
middle obtained from a concentration of the spots on the last whorl; thirty dashed spiral lines
barely visible run through the entire last whorl. The siphonal channel is quite wide and open and
almost straight with a slight deflection to the left. Some spiral grooves are found on the basal
area.Animal not available for study.
Discussion:-
---------Conus pusillus Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 39
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Guinea [erroneous]
Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20 x 11 mm
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus pusio Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:Not appropriate for the name pusillus
---------Conus pusio Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 334, fig. 4)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 710
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Santo Domingo, (Dominican Republic), Martinique & Guadeloupe, restricted
(Kohn) to Santo Domingo, corrected (Vink) to Guadeloupe, (Leeward Islands).
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 334, fig. 4)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-pusio
Synonyms:- pusillus Lamarck, 1810; minutus Reeve, 1844; duvali Bernardi, 1862; boubeeae
Sowerby iii, 1903
Geographic Range:-Widespread in the Eastern Caribbean and along the East coast of Brazil
with records from Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent and the States of Rio de Janeiro and Sao
Paulo.
Habitat:-Found on sand bottom with some vegetation at a depth of 10 to 30 m
Description:-Source Vink
A small shell, 15 to 20 mm (rarely up to 25 mm) with convex sides of the body whorl (more
straight in juvenile specimens) and a straight-sided spire producing an angle of 70 to 80deg.
Shoulder roundly angulate, body whorl smooth with a few incised spiral lines near the base; in
some specimens the grooves may extend to the shoulder. Spire whorls flat, nucleus: 1.5 whorls.
Fresh specimens of C. pusio have a purplish white, purple or pale tan background with reddish
brown maculations and spiral rows of white and reddish brown dashes. However the purple and
brown quickly fade to yellow and orange, hence the French name for C. pusio: cone jaunisse (c.
jaundice). The midbody area is often pale. There are distinct white and reddish brown dashes on
the margin of the shoulder and spire whorls, in addition to dark brown maculations on the spire.
In most specimens a second row of dark spots can be observed near the suture.
Discussion:-C. pusio could be confused with C. mindanus ( which is larger with a relatively
lower spire and more concave tops of the spire whorls), C. puncticulatus (which bas a twisted
anterior end with a distinct siphonal notch, and only one row of brown dots on the spire whorls)
and various species traditionally associated with C. jaspideus (which have carinated spire
whorls).
Many authors have considered C. pusio a junior synonym of C. jaspideus or C. puncticulatus but
this is inconsistent with its description and illustration: the shell is smooth and glossy, the spire
whorls are not carinate, and on the spire whorls it has a double brown and whitish dotted border,
one at the upper margin and one at the lower margin.
Tucker comments:Vink differentiated J. pusio from J. mindanus, which he said was larger than
J. pusio, had a relatively lower spire than J. pusio, and had more concave whorl tops than J.
pusio. He also maintained that J. jaspideus has carinated spire whorls but that J. pusio does not.
Vink also recognized that J. mindanus and its relatives including J. pusio have two rows of spots
on the whorl tops. One of these is along the suture and the other is along the shoulder angle. In J.
jaspideus, only the row of spots along the shoulder angle is present. This trait is useful but not
absolute. It can be said that J. mindanus, J. pusio, and J. iansa usually have two rows of spots,
whereas J. jaspideus, as defined by me, usually has a single row.
The species of Perplexiconus also have but a single row of spots.
---------Conus pyramidalis Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 347, fig. 5)
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 438
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Indes orientales (?)
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 347, fig. 5)
Nomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-textile pyramidalis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Kenya, Madagascar
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on coral reef from the reef crest to deeper water inside the
lagoon and sometimes also on flats of mainland coasts
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. textile
C. pyramidalis: Last whorl rather narrow (RD 0.60 or less) and conoid-cylindrical to
ventricosely conical, with a rather widely meshed pattern; spire comparatively high (RSH 0.13-
0.19). Known from Kenya and Madagascar. A form of C. textile intergrading with more typically
patterned sympatric variants that may also have cylindrical or ovate last whorls. The lectotype
mayhave an aberrantly high spire.
Discussion:-No Data
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Last update March 2017