The Skeletal System
Medical Terminology
Bones ___________and give
________________to the body. This
framework helps protect
__________________ and furnishes
attachment points for ___________,
_________________ and ___________.
Bones also store minerals and contain
______________________bone marrow.
Bone is a specialized form of
___________________tissue containing
about _____% solid matter and ______%
water.
Bone consists of a hard outer shell
called ___________ bone and an
inner spongy structure called
________________ or
____________________ bone
The bone surfaces are covered by a
tough fibrous vascular membrane
called the _____________________.
The _________bones grow in length at the
‘___________________’. This is what the
ends of the developing bones is called.
Diaphysis
(shaft)
Medullary
cavity
epiphysis
Bones are classified according to their
shape.
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
The skeleton is divided into two main
parts:
________________: includes the skull,
vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
________________: including the limbs
The skull includes two major segments:
______________: (brain case)
and the __________________.
All skull bones are ____________except the
________________.
The skull bones are united by ______________.
Within the bones of the skull are hollows called
_______________. The function of the sinuses
include, lessening the _________________,
providing chambers for __________________and
moistening and _______________air.
Facial bone
Facial bone
Vertebrae
Vertebral Anatomy
The horse has 37 vertebrae:
* Cervical (neck)- 7
* Thoracic (chest) - 18
* Lumbar (lower back) - 6 (except in Arabs - 5)
* Sacral (pelvis) - 5 (fused)
The dog has 31 vertebrae:
* Cervical (neck)- 7
* Thoracic (chest) - 13
* Lumbar (lower back) - 7
* Sacral (pelvis) - 3 (fused)
The cat has 31 vertebrae:
* Cervical (neck)- 7
* Thoracic (chest) - 13
* Lumbar (lower back) - 7
* Sacral (pelvis) - 3 (fused)
Cervicle vertebrae
C-1 and C-2 are called the _________ and the
___________. The words atlas (holding up the world)
and axis (what the world spins on) come from Greek
mythology. There can be an instability in this area in
large dogs that will cause neurologic problems. The
cervical vertebrae are quite flexible, for obvious reasons.
As the cervical vertebrae become the _____________ vertebrae
they go past the shoulder (S). The nerves that come off this cervicalthoracic junction at the shoulder are called the
__________________(you cannot see nerves on a plain
radiograph). They innervate the front legs on each side. Each of the
thoracic vertebrae corresponds to a __________ (R) on each side of
the chest
As we continue down the thoracic vertebrae you can visualize how
high their dorsal ____________ ________________are. Also notice
how these processes start to get smaller as we get closer to the
______________vertebrae
Moving towards the end of the thoracic vertebrae we come to what is
termed the ______________________(T-L) junction. It is a very
common area to have VSC disease. As we pass into the
_________________ vertebrae we have now made our way into the
lower back.
The 7 _______________ vertebrae eventually lead into the
_________________ vertebrae (S). The ____________ sacral
vertebrae are hard to visualize because they are within the
___________________. After the sacrum we are at the ________.
ribs
Forelimbs
Front legs
_______________: (collarbone)
In the feline: a small flat bone
attached to the ____________
In the canine: a _________ bone
that is not attached to any other
bone and may be __________ in
some dogs.
Scapula (shoulder blade)
______________
the long bone extending from the
___________to the ___________.
The _______________ articulates
with the _____________ and the
radius/ulna
humerus
___________ /_________
________: the __________ bone that
articulates with the ___________at the
olecranon.
_____________ : the __________bone
that articulates with the
______________ and _________at the
elbow.
______________
Is composed of 7 – 8 ____________
shaped bones in two rows. This joint is
called the __________ in humans
Carpus
Metacarpus
Equine skeleton
Equine forelimb
Pelvis
illeum
ichium
pubis
Femur
femur
Knee Joint
Tibia/Fibula
tibia
fibula
Tarsus
Metatarsus
A _________is an _____________
between bones, or between bones
and cartilage.
They are classified by the degree of
_____________they permit.
____________________: allow no
movement
(Fibrous tissue)
_______________________ allow slight
movement.
(Cartilaginous tissue)
_________________ freely permit
movement.
(Synovial joints)
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Joint capsule
_____________________: lines the joint capsule and
secretes _______________ fluid.
____________________: the space between
opposing surfaces of _______________.
Articular cartilage and disks
_________________: sacs of connective tissue lined
with synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid