SPUTNIK
What Did Sputnik Do?
Race to the Moon
Complacency Is Not Justified
Warnings were sounded:
April, 1983 – A Nation At Risk
PISA 2006 Math
Rankings By Country
Facts About My Beloved State
One in four students drops out and does not
complete high school.
CA 48th 4th grade reading
CA 47rd 4th grade math
CA 43rd 4th grade science
(of 44 states)
CA 48th 8th grade reading
CA 45th 8th grade math
CA 42nd 8th grade science
(of 44 states)
More Facts About California
Some Personal Beliefs
A convergence of events & technologies has
allowed economic competition to become global
An education “surplus” in one part of the world
can now satisfy education “deficits” elsewhere
We must move up the value chain
Education is the key
From RAGS to ACI to Riches?
U.S. Innovation 2005:
Is There a Crisis?
Evidence and Counterarguments
Charge to the Committee
Senators Alexander and Bingaman with
endorsement by House Science committee
requested National Academies to:
• Identify top actions federal policy makers
could take so US can successfully compete,
prosper, and be secure in the 21st Century
• Determine an implementation strategy with
several concrete steps
Committee
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Norman Augustine (chair)
Craig Barrett
Gail Cassell
Steven Chu
Robert Gates
Nancy Grasmick
Charles Holliday
Shirley Ann Jackson
Anita Jones
Joshua Lederberg
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Richard Levin
Dan Mote
Cherry Murray
Peter O’Donnell
Lee Raymond
Robert Richardson
Roy Vagelos
Charles Vest
George Whitesides
Richard Zare
Method
• Review of literature, past reports, and
suggestions led to 150 ideas
• Focus groups of experts discussed ideas and
identified top 3-4 ideas in K-12 education,
higher education, research, innovation and
workforce, and homeland/national security
• Committee meeting and conference calls
• Additional expert consultations
• More than 40 anonymous reviewers
Two Key Challenges
• Creation of High-Quality Jobs for
Americans
• Responding to Nation’s Need for Clean,
Affordable, and Reliable Energy
Four Recommendations
20 Implementation Actions
Ten Thousand Teachers,
Ten Million Minds
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Recruit 10,000 teachers, Educate 10 million minds:
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Strengthen 250,000 current teachers’ skills:
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Enlarge the Pipeline:
Sowing the Seeds
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Increase federal investment in long-term basic research
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Provide early-career researcher grants
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Institute National Coordination Office for Research
Infrastructure
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Catalyze high-risk, high-payoff research
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Institute Presidential Innovation Awards
ARPA-E
• Focus on creative out-of-the-box transformational energy
research that industry by itself cannot or will not support
• High risk, but potentially dramatic benefits to nation
• Accelerate current research knowledge transformation
process to create jobs and address environmental, energy,
and security issues
Best and Brightest
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Increase US citizens earning science, engineering, and math
degrees:
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Encourage continuing education of current scientists and
engineers:
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International students and scholars
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Reform "deemed exports" policy:
Incentives for Innovation
• Enhance IP protection for global economy, while
allowing research
• Increase Research & Experimentation tax credit from
20 to 40% of qualifying increase
• Provide financial incentives so US is competitive for
long-term innovation-related investment
• Affordable broadband access
For more information
www.nationalacademies.org/prospering
PDF of full report is available at www.nap.edu
Parable of the Boiled Frog
Parable of the Boiled Frog
.
The National Science Foundation Act of 2002
authorized a doubling of the NSF budget over 5 years,
to a total of almost $10 billion by FY 2007.
Chairman Bart Gordon speaks about the importance of Science and
Technology and in particular, establishing ARPA-E, in meeting America’s
growing energy needs. Ways and Means Chairman Charlie Rangel, Natural
Resources Chairman Nick Rahall, Speaker Nancy Pelosi, and House Majority
Leader Steny Hoyer listen on.
Actions Taken
-- “Rising Above the Gathering Storm ”testimony given by Norman R.
Augustine, Chair of study to the Science Committee, U.S. House of
Representatives, October 20, 2005
-- Mentioned in President Bush’s 2006 State of the Union Address
-- America COMPETES authorization Act signed into law August 9, 2007.
.
Partial Summary of
America COMPETES Act
Increase Research Investment by:
• Doubling funding for the National Science Foundation (NSF) from
approximately $5.6 billion in Fiscal Year 2006 to $11.2 billion in Fiscal
Year 2011.
• Setting the Department of Energy’s Office of Science on track to
double in funding over ten years, increasing from $3.6 billion in Fiscal
Year 2006 to over $5.2 billion in Fiscal Year 2011.
• Establishing the Innovation Acceleration Research Program to direct
federal agencies funding research in science and technology to set as
a goal dedicating approximately 8% of their Research and
Development (R&D) budgets toward high-risk frontier research.
Partial Summary of
America COMPETES Act
Strengthen Educational Opportunities in Science, Technology,
Engineering, Mathematics, and Critical Foreign Languages by:
• Authorizing competitive grants to States to promote better alignment of
elementary and secondary education with the knowledge and skills
needed for success in postsecondary education, the 21st century
workforce, and the Armed Forces, and grants to support the establishment
or improvement of statewide P-16 education longitudinal data systems.
• Strengthening the skills of thousands of math and science teachers by
establishing training and education programs at summer institutes hosted
at the National Laboratories and by increasing support for the Teacher
Institutes for the 21st Century program at NSF.
• Expanding the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program at NSF to
recruit and train individuals to become math and science teachers in highneed local educational agencies.
Overall Federal spending in research has not kept up with inflation since 2004
Wen Jiabiao, Premier,
People’s Republic of China
SCIENCE VOL 322
“The future of China’s science and
technology depends fundamentally on
how we attract, train, and use young
scientific talents today. Thus, at the
core of our science and technology
policy is attracting a diverse range of
talents, especially young people, into
science and providing them with an
environment that brings out the best of
their creative ideas.”
31 OCTOBER 2008
Personal Remarks,
Hopefully,
In the Spirit of This Report
No more critical or opportune a time exists to
invest in research and education.
Science is Not a Zero Sum Game
Conclusion
The world is changing. We need to take action
to renew our nation’s commitment in
education
research
innovation policies
so our nation’s children have worthwhile jobs.
What Does It Cost?
Low = Less than $500 million
Medium = Between $500 million and $5 billion
(about NSF’s current budget)
High = Greater than $5 billion