Cell Processes and Energy
Photosynthesis
All about Photosynthesis
• http://www.wonderville.ca/asset/photosynthesis
Where does almost all of the energy used by
living things on Earth come from?
The Sun!
Or sunlight
Some Archaebacteria
Chemosynthetic Organisms
Get energy from chemicals such as sulfur
Photosynthesis
• Photo= light
• Synthesis= putting it together
• The process in which green plants capture the sun’s
energy and use it to make sugars (food, glucose)
• Using light to make food!
Maple Syrup
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_YZm
UrNueo
Two Stage Process
Stage One
• Captures Sun’s Energy
Stage Two
• Cells use captured energy
to produce sugars
Two Stage Process
Stage One
Occurs in the Leaves and other Green parts of the
plant
• These parts contain Chloroplasts which contain
the pigment Chlorophyll (acts like solar cell in
calculator)
Stomata
Are small openings on the undersides of the leaves
through which carbon dioxide enters and oxygen
and water vapor leaves the plant
Stomata
Guard Cells
Guard Cells
Stomata
Bottom View
Cross Section
The Photosynthesis Equation
•
Water +
Carbon Dioxide
(RAW MATERIALS)
Glucose + Oxygen + (Water)
(PRODUCTS)
(GIVEN OFF)
• 6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2 (H 2O)
• The Arrow means yields . Above and below the
arrow you write light energy and chlorophyll
Photosynthesis Video (21:30)
• Plants in action photosynthesis - YouTube
How Cranberries Grow (6min)
https://vimeo.com/111465674
Proposed changes to food labels
to highlight added sugar to foods
Added Sugars in our Food (8 min)
http://www.cnn.com/videos/world/20
15/11/23/spc-vital-signs-age-ofaddiction-c.cnn
Review
Where do the raw materials for photosynthesis enter the
plant?
What color of light do plants grow
best in? (workbook page 46)
Which color of light do plants
grow best in?
ROYGBIV
When light strikes a prism, its component
colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue,
indigo, and violet- become visible. Each
plays a part in plant growth, but blue light
is most important to photosynthesis,
followed next in importance by red light.
Plants stay short, stocky, and leafy when
they receive plenty of blue. They stretch,
flower, and fruit early under red light.
Cellular Respiration
• Storing and releasing energy
• Plant cells save energy in the form of
carbohydrates (sugar and starches)
• Cells withdraw energy by breaking down
carbohydrates in the process of cellular
respiration
Cells break down sugars and
release energy
Enzymes
• C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Mitochondria
• (Raw Materials)
(Products)
+
(energy)
• In the presence of enzymes and
mitochondria
Extreme Energy Release (6 min)
Cellular Respiration
Two Stages of Respiration
Stage One
• Takes Place in the Cytoplasm
• Sugar Molecules are Broken Down with the
help of the lysosomes (small amount of
energy released)
• Oxygen is NOT Involved in this Stage
O2
Stage Two
• Takes Place in the Mitochondria
• Sugar Molecules Broken Down Further and
Large Amounts of Energy Released
• Oxygen IS Needed in This Stage
Comparing Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration
• Opposite Processes- What Does that mean?
• Products of one process are the raw
materials of the other!
• Together they form a Cycle
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Plants
produce
oxygen
and
glucose
Plants
use
carbon
dioxide
and
water
RESPIRATION
Animals
use
oxygen
and
glucose
Animals
produce
carbon
dioxide and
water
Photosynthesis/Respiration Cycle
A Symbiotic Relationship
Respiration Video (3min)
Fermentation
•
•
•
•
Similar to Respiration- HoweverOxygen Is Not Needed!!
Much Less Energy Produced!!
Yeast (a type of fungi) uses this process
Two Types of Fermentation
• ALCOHOLIC
• Yeast cells produce
Alcohol when sugar is
broken down
• CO2 and a small amount
of energy are also
produced
• CO2 causes dough to rise
and bubbles in beer,
sparkling wine and soda.
• LACTIC ACID
• Occurs in the muscles
of your body
• Occurs when you are
using up O2 faster than
you can breath it in
• Lactic acid is the
product which makes
your muscles cramp
“Hitting the wall” (2 min)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUPad
KgtYHw
What happens when you need to eat unusual foods to survive? (7 min)
What happens to the body when food totally runs out? (7 min)
How Cells Work (16 min)
Respiration in Yeast
Lab
Time (minutes)
Amount of CO2 (ppm)
0
3206
5
18778
10
48512
15
64380
20
72158